The Final Steps Towards an International Standard for Land Administration The Final Steps Towards an International Standard for Land Administration (original) (raw)
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Land Use Policy, 2015
This article is the introduction to a themed issue on the Land Administration Domain Model, the ISO 19152:2012 international standard. The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) facilitates the efficient setup of land administrations. It can function as the core of any land administration system. LADM is flexible, widely applicable and functions as a gathering point of a state-of-the-art international knowledge base on this theme, reflected in aspects such as full versioning/history, integration with legal and spatial source documents, a range of 2 Dimensional and 3 Dimensional (2D/3D) geometry and topology options, unique identifiers, and explicit quality indicators (metadata). It can be aligned to the global agenda where land administration is concerned. This paper describes the context and the actual standards development of the LADM. Further, some future trends in the domain and the maintenance of the standard is discussed. This completes the scene and provides the background for the papers in the themed issue
2019
ISO standards, which are actually being applied, are subject to periodic revision, typically in a 6 to 10-year cycle. A UN-GGIM Meeting of the Expert Group on Land Administration and Management was held on 14-15 March 2017, in Delft and the main conclusion was that the revision of LADM was indeed needed in order to provide better tools to improve tenure security and better land and property rights for all. It was also noted that land administration is a rather complex domain, and thus the revision will involve many stakeholders, namely: ISO, FIG, OGC, UN-Habitat, UN-GGIM, World bank, GLTN (Global Land Tool Network), IHO, RICS, etc.. Further goals of the revision include: providing reliable Land Administration Indicators for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), developing standard(s) supporting a Fit-for-Purpose approach, paying attention to implementations and tools (not just conceptual model), and inclusion of valuation information (which might help to define/support the Fit-fo...
Land administration domain model is an ISO standard now
A group of land administration professionals initiated the development of a data model that facilitates the quick and efficient setup of land registrations. Just like social issues benefit from proper land administration, land administration systems themselves benefit from proper data standards. In many countries the responsibilities and tasks in land administration are distributed among different organisations. Sometimes those organisations deal with different administrative territories. All of which may have subdivisions again: central, regional and local responsibilities, with either public or private roles. As a result, the governance and quality aspects of the data sets vary. Land administrations worldwide are often incomplete, data are not up-to-date and not fit for purpose. At the same time, new Land Administration Systems (LASs) are being developed all over the world again and again. Sometimes countries even have more than one IT-system for land administration. The wheel keeps being re-invented. This has a huge impact on the continuity and effect of LASs. Internationally, the wish emerged for a widely accepted data model (domain) standard, making use of the knowledge already existing worldwide. This wish was supported by UNHABITAT, the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the UN and the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG). This data model should be able to function as the core of any land administration system. The standard should be flexible, widely applicable and function as a gathering point of a state-of-the-art international knowledge base on this theme. This common standard has now been designed and is currently proposed for implementation. It is called the Land Administration Domain Model, in short: LADM.
The Land Administration Domain Model, LADM, passed on the 1 st of November 2012 unanimously the final vote towards becoming an international standard, ISO 19152. Based on the standard this paper is a proposal for a more detailed classification of interests in land as modelled within LADM and an attempt to raise the awareness of the possibilities to further develop the LADM"s "right", "restriction" and "responsibility" (RRR) classes. The current standardised classification of RRRs in the LADM is restricted to a top-level classification of RRRs. In this paper the authors use the classification of interests in land described in the newly developed Legal Cadastral Domain Model, LCDM, to further develop the LADM. The LDM is based on comparative international legal investigations, including case studies from Portugal, Germany, the Netherlands, Ireland and Sweden.
The road to a standard land administration domain model, and beyond
2011
The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is a Draft International Standard (ISO DIS 19152) and in January 2011 was distributed by the ISO central secretariat for a five month voting and commenting time interval. If everything goes as planned, ISO 19152 will be an International Standard (IS) by 2012. In this paper the road towards this standard is briefly described.
Iso 19152 – the Land Administration Domain Model
2011
Focus of this paper is on the Land Administration Domain Model which is under development as an International Standard at ISO. This development is an initiative of the International Federation of Surveyors – FIG. The International Standard is expected to be published in 2012. Why is this development important? What is the scope of the standard, what is included and what is not included? There will be a brief overview of the contents of the standard with attention to its core packages and to the relation to other standards (such as data quality aspects and surveying). The idea is that not only the field-survey based, high accurate, cadastral maps are supported by this standard. This would otherwise mean that many approaches would be excluded and the world is absolutely not waiting for that. On the contrary, many high accurate approaches are slow and expensive and proven not to work. A specialization of the standard, the so called “Social Tenure Domain Model (STDM)” will be introduced...
Land administration standardization with focus on surveying and spatial representations
This paper will focus on (cadastral) geodata acquisition, based on field surveys in the context of the ISO 19152 Draft International Standard (DIS) Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). Spatial source documents allow documentation of field observations. Besides geodata, this also includes administrative data; e.g. names of right holders participating in the field, or local conditions. Original observations related to adjudication, and all geodata maintenance, because of land transactions, physical planning, establishment of mortgage, etc. need to be documented. This is for quality, consistency and integrity reasons. The documentation is the basis for authenticity of the administrative and geodata. In case of cadastral geodata this documentation is often referred to as "evidence from the field". Data acquisition can be based on variety of approaches (low cost / high tech), which not always involves conventional terrestrial surveying. Observations may require transformations and adjustments, or other corrections (e.g. rectangulation), before the cadastral geodata for spatial units can be edited. Those transformations and adjustments can be documented again. All different types of the geodata acquisition can be represented in LADM. However, procedures for data acquisition itself are not included in the standard. Quality aspects of the source data can be represented based on DQ_Element i types from
The Land Administration Domain Model Standard
LADM is a international standard for the land administration domain. It will stimulate the development of software applications and will accelerate the implementation of proper land administration systems that will support sustainable development. The LADM covers basic information-related components of land administration (including those over water and land, and elements above and below the surface of the earth); The standard provides an abstract, conceptual model with three packages related to: parties (people and organizations); basic administrative units, rights, responsibilities, and restrictions (ownership rights); spatial units (parcels, and the legal space of buildings and utility networks); with sub packages for spatial sources (surveying), and spatial representations (geometry and topology). This paper summarizes the motivation, requirements and goals for developing LADM. Further, the standard itself is described, including the development process and potential future maintenance. Despite being a very young standard, 'born' on 1 December 2012, it is already possible to observe some of the impact of LADM and some examples of this are given in the paper.
2016
This paper will focus on (cadastral) geodata acquisition, based on field surveys in the context of the ISO 19152 Draft International Standard (DIS) Land Administration Domain Model (LADM). During the development of LADM existing standards have been re-used as far as possible. Original observations related to adjudication, and all geodata maintenance, because of land transactions, physical planning, establishment of mortgage, etc. need to be documented. This is for quality, consistency and integrity reasons. The documentation is the basis for authenticity of the administrative and geodata. In case of cadastral geodata this documentation is often referred to as "evidence from the field".Data acquisition can be based on variety of approaches (low cost / high tech), which not always involves conventional terrestrial surveying. Observations may require transformations and adjustments, or other corrections (e.g. rectangulation), before the cadastral geodata for spatial units can...