Evaluation of red blood cell distribution width in dogs with various illnesses (original) (raw)
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Animals
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative laboratory parameter applied for the measurement of anisocytosis and is a reliable and inexpensive method for clinical classification of anemia. An increased RDW reflects a great heterogeneity in the size of red blood cells typical of regenerative and iron-deficiency anemia. In humans, numerous and recent studies have shown a relationship between increased RDW and the risk of morbidity and mortality in patients with various disorders. In particular, a strong association has been established between changes in RDW and the risk of adverse outcome in humans with diseases affecting different organs or systems. Following the human literature, some studies have recently been conducted trying to clarify the clinical role of RDW in various animal disorders, particularly in dogs. In this review, we summarize and critically evaluate the results of the studies based on the measurement of RDW in dogs. We also emphasize the need for furth...
Leukocyte Ratios and Prognosis in Dogs with Primary Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia: A Pilot Study
2022
Canine immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is a life-threatening condition that is commonly associated with neutrophilia and monocytosis. Leukocyte ratios have been found to have prognostic value in humans and animals affected by a range of inflammatory, infectious, and neoplastic disorders. We hypothesized that in primary IMHA, neutrophil to lymphocyte (NLR), neutrophil to monocyte (NMR), band neutrophil to segmented neutrophil (BNR) and monocyte to lymphocyte (MLR) ratios would be higher in dogs that did not survive to discharge. Medical records of dogs diagnosed with IMHA at two veterinary teaching hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-three of the 72 included dogs do not survive to discharge. NLR, NMR, BNR and MLR ratios were compared between dogs that survived to discharge and dogs that died or were euthanized. None of the ratios were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors (P = 0.14-0.99). Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC)...
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine
Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative measurement of anisocytosis. RDW has prognostic value in humans with different cardiovascular and systemic disorders, but few studies have investigated this biomarker in dogs. Objectives: To compare the RDW in dogs with precapillary and postcapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) and a control population of dogs and to correlate RDW with demographic, echocardiographic, and laboratory variables. Animals: One hundred and twenty-seven client-owned dogs including 19 healthy dogs, 82 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (50 dogs without PH and 32 dogs with postcapillary PH), and 26 dogs with precapillary PH. Methods: Prospective study. Dogs were allocated to groups according to clinical and echocardiographic evaluation. RDW and selected laboratory and echocardiographic variables were compared among dog groups. Associations between RDW and demographic, laboratory, and echocardiographic variables were analyzed using correlation and multiple regression analysis. Results: Median RDW in dogs with precapillary PH (13.8%, interquartile range 13.2-14.9%) and postcapillary PH (13.7, 13.2-14.7%) was significantly increased compared to healthy dogs (13.3, 12.3-13.7%; P < .05 for both comparisons), but only dogs with severe PH had significantly increased RDW compared to dogs without PH (P < .05). Peak tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient was significantly associated with increased RDW (rho = 0.263, P = .007). Serum urea concentration, hematocrit, age, and white blood cell number were significantly associated with RDW in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Underlying pathophysiologic processes associated with PH instead of severity of PH are likely responsible for increased RDW in dogs with PH.
Animals
Red cell distribution width (RDW) is a quantitative measurement of anisocytosis. This hematological parameter is an important prognostic biomarker for different cardiovascular disorders in humans but its influence on survival has been poorly investigated in dogs with cardiovascular disease. The RDW and various clinical, complete blood count, serum biochemical and echocardiographic variables were retrospectively investigated in 146 client-owned dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) at various disease stages, with or without concurrent diseases and treatment. Laboratory variables, including RDW, urea, and white blood cell (WBC), in addition to the echocardiographic variable left atrium to aorta ratio were found to be independent predictors of all-cause mortality at six months in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model. In particular, the hazard ratio of RDW was 1.203 (95% confidence interval = 1.045–1.384; p = 0.010). The negative effect of increased RDW o...
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2015
Background: Outcome prediction in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is challenging and few prognostic indicators have been consistently identified. Objectives: An online case registry was initiated to: prospectively survey canine IMHA presentation and management in the British Isles; evaluate 2 previously reported illness severity scores, Canine Hemolytic Anemia Score (CHAOS) and Tokyo and to identify independent prognostic markers. Animals: Data from 276 dogs with primary IMHA across 10 referral centers were collected between 2008 and 2012. Methods: Outcome prediction by previously reported illness-severity scores was tested using univariate logistic regression. Independent predictors of death in hospital or by 30-days after admission were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results: Purebreds represented 89.1% dogs (n = 246). Immunosuppressive medications were administered to 88.4% dogs (n = 244), 76.1% (n = 210) received antithrombotics and 74.3% (n = 205) received packed red blood cells. Seventy-four per cent of dogs (n = 205) were discharged from hospital and 67.7% (n = 187) were alive 30-days after admission. Two dogs were lost to follow-up at 30-days. In univariate analyses CHAOS was associated with death in hospital and death within 30days. Tokyo score was not associated with either outcome measure. A model containing SIRS-classification, ASA classification, ALT, bilirubin, urea and creatinine predicting outcome at discharge was accurate in 82% of cases. ASA classification, bilirubin, urea and creatinine were independently associated with death in hospital or by 30-days. Conclusions and clinical importance: Markers of kidney function, bilirubin concentration and ASA classification are independently associated with outcome in dogs with IMHA. Validation of this score in an unrelated population is now warranted.
Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine
Metarubricytosis occurs in cats in various disorders. This retrospective case-control study characterized the clinical and laboratory findings, diagnoses and prognoses of 117 cats presenting metarubricytosis, compared to 201 negative, time-matched controls. Cats with metarubricytosis were younger (P = 0.043) compared to the controls (median 3.5 years; range 0.1-19.0 vs. median 6.0 years; range 0.1-21.0, respectively). They had higher (P < 0.03) frequency of weakness, depression, dyspnea, hypothermia, shock, epistaxis and anemia compared to the controls, and presented higher (P < 0.05) median leukocyte count and mean corpuscular volume, lower (P < 0.001) hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, RBC count and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared to the controls. Cats with metarubricytosis had higher (P < 0.01) serum muscle enzyme activities and hyperbilirubinemia, and lower (P = 0.01) total protein concentration compared to the controls. They had higher (P = 0.0...
Quantitative Evaluation of Irregularly Spiculated Red Blood Cells in the Dog
Veterinary Clinical Pathology, 1993
Irregularly spiculated red blood cells (IS-RBC) were quantified on fresh blood fixed in glutaraldehyde and were compared to RBC shape changes observed on Wright's-stained blood smears, RBC histograms, and RBC distribution widths (RDW). IS-RBC were infrequently found in healthy control dogs. Twenty dogs with increased IS-RBC were evaluated. The most common clinical diagnoses were lymphosarcoma (seven cases), glomeru/onephritis (two cases), hemangiosarcoma (two cases), and chronic liver disease (two cases). Five cases had evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. In 12 of the 20 cases, keratocytes, schizocytes, andlor acanthocytes were detected in the monolayer area of blood smears. In the other seven cases, keratocytes, schizocytes, andlor acanthocytes were found only in thick areas of the smears. Acanthocytes were the most frequent cell type seen, while schizocytes were absent or present only in low numbers. RBC histograms had a shoulder on the left side of the tracing in six of the 20 cases, suggesting the presence of RBC fragments; however, cases with evidence of platelet aggregation had similar shoulders in RBC histograms. Red cell distribution widths were increased in 12 of the 20 cases with IS-RBC; however, the increase in RDWdid not correlate with the presence of schizocytes and was most likely the result of reticulocytosis. This study suggests that quantitative evaluation of RBC shape is a more sensitive method for detection of mild RBC fragmentation when compared to blood smear evaluation, RBC histograms, or RD W. Additionally, acanthocyte-type cells were the most frequent shape change seen in dogs with evidence of RBC fragmentation.
Age and sex influence in canineRed Cell Distribution Width (RDW-CV and RDW-SD) values
Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária, 2012
O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar a influência da idade e do sexo nos valores dos índices RDW-CV (Amplitude de distribuição de hemácias como coeficiente de variação) e RDW-SD (Amplitude de distribuição de hemácias como desvio-padrão) em hemogramas de cães clinicamente sadios. Foram analisados os resultados de 332 hemogramas de cães, sendo 136 machos e 196 fêmeas. Os animais foram divididos em três grupos de acordo com a idade: animais até um ano (n = 42), animais entre um e nove anos (n = 104) e animais acima de 9 anos (n = 186). Todos os exames foram processados no Contador Hematológico Automatizado Veterinário Sysmex® -Poch 100 iV, no período de setembro de 2009 a setembro de 2010 e os resultados foram confirmados por análise microscópica dos esfregaçossanguíneos. Os valores médios e os desvios-padrão para RDW-CV (%) foram de 10,74 ± 1,53, próximos aos valores citados na literatura. Para RDW-SD (fL),os valores obtidos foram de 32,01 ± 7,56. Entretanto, nos trabalhos já realizados, não foram encontrados valores de referência para este índice em cães. Não houve diferença significativa nos valores encontrados para estes índices entre machos e fêmeas ou entre as diferentes faixas etárias, podendo ser utilizados como referência para ambos os sexos e todas as idades.
Research in Veterinary Science, 2019
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is the manifestation of the systemic response to an infectious or non-infectious disease. We evaluated the association between erythrocyte parameters, including nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) and leukocyte ratios (NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; BLR, band neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; BLNR, band neutrophil-to-neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio). A review of the medical records was conducted searching SIRS dogs among those admitted to our intensive care unit and a SIRS grading was obtained based on how many criteria were fulfilled. The Acute Patient Physiology and Laboratory Evaluation (APPLE fast) score was assessed in each dog. Survival rate was assessed 15 days after admission. Dogs with clinical and/or clinicopathological signs of hemolytic or hemorrhagic disorders were excluded. Dogs with ≥2 criteria of SIRS along with a documented underlying infectious cause were recorded as septic (32/90, 35%). A SIRS grading > 2 (p = .001) and an APPLE fast score > 25 (p = .03) were associated with mortality. Twenty-two of SIRS dogs (24%) showed circulating NRBCs. The occurrence of circulating NRBCs was associated with the mortality in SIRS groups (p = .0025). The median NLR was 11.69 and NLR was lower in septic dogs compared to non-septic ones (p = .0272). APPLE fast , SIRS grading and circulating NRBCs may be considered as negative prognostic factors in canine SIRS. NLR could be a useful tool in dogs with SIRS, which was significantly lower in the septic group. Further prospective, large-scale studies investigating BLR and BNLR in canine SIRS are warranted.
Comparative Clinical Pathology, 2010
The prevalence of canine microcytosis, detected as reduced mean corpuscolar volume (MCV) by impedance cell counter was investigated retrospectively in relationship to sex, breed, diseases, and other blood count parameters. One thousand and twelve (1,012) canine medical records with complete blood count (CBC) were evaluated for MCV results. CBCs were performed using impedance cell counter and stained blood smears for leukocyte differential count, erythrocyte morphology, and platelet estimation. Statistical analysis included both comparative and descriptive investigations in dogs showing microcytosis (MICRO) versus dogs with normal MCV (control, CTR). MCV was lower than the reference range in 8.5% of medical records (86/1,012). Only 47.7% of MICRO dogs were affected by different degrees of anemia. In MICRO dogs, thrombocytosis was present in 19.8%, while 16.3% showed thrombocytopenia, and mild leukocytosis was found in 30.2%. Statistical analysis showed significant difference about sex and breeds in MICRO vs. CTR dogs while different disorders did not affect the MICRO vs. CTR dogs; few CBC parameters such as erythrocyte count, hematocrit, and red cell dimension width were both significantly related to MCV of MICRO dogs and between CTR and MICRO dogs. Multivariate hierarchical cluster analysis showed significant difference among clusters considering platelets and displayed a subgroup of patients in MICRO dogs. Microcytosis detected at low rate in CBC of clinical records is not always related to anemia. The comparison in MICRO and CTR dogs showed a significant difference for most blood count parameters dealing with erythrocytes and leukocytes but not for platelets.