Detecting diseases of neglected seminal vesicles using imaging modalities: A review of current literature (original) (raw)
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Lesions of the Seminal Vesicles and their MRI Characteristics
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science, 2014
Over the past few decades, MRI of the prostate has made great strides in improving cancer detection and is being embraced by more clinicians each day. This article aims to review the imaging characteristics of common and uncommon, but consequential lesions involving the seminal vesicles (SV), as seen predominantly on MRI. Many of these findings are seen incidentally during imaging of the prostate. Anatomy and embryology of the SV will be described which will help illustrate the associations of abnormalities seen. Congenital, infectious, neoplastic, and tumor mimics will be explored in detail, with discussion on clinical presentation and treatment strategies.
MR imaging of the seminal vesicles
American Journal of Roentgenology, 1991
MR imaging (0.35 and 1.50 T) was used to assess the appearance of the seminal vesicles. The size and signal intensity of normal seminal vesicles vary with the age of the subjeCt. In general, on T2-weighted images, the signal intensity of normal seminal vesicles is lower than that of fat in prepubertal children, similar to or higher than that of fat in adults, and similar to or lower than that of fat in patients older than 70 years of age. Endocrine and radiation therapy will influence the size and signal intensity of the seminal vesicles. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the spectrum of seminal vesicle disease, including congenital anomalies, inflammation, and neoplastic disease. Although MR imaging is helpful in depicting seminal vesicle abnermalities, it does not allow differentiation of benign from malignant disease, distinction of hemorrhage due to tumor invasion from postbiopsy changes, or distinguishing between glandular obstruction due to tumor infiltration and mechanical compression.
Seminal vesicles ultrasound features in a cohort of infertility patients
Human Reproduction, 2012
Previous studies concerning ultrasound evaluation of the seminal vesicles (SV) were performed on a limited series of subjects, and considered few parameters, often only before ejaculation and without assessing the patients' sexual abstinence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the volume and the emptying characteristics of the SV and their possible correlations with scrotal and transrectal ultrasound features. The SV of 368 men seeking medical care for couple infertility were evaluated by ultrasound. All patients underwent, during the same ultrasound session, scrotal and transrectal evaluation, before and after ejaculation, and the ejaculate was subjected to semen analysis. A new parameter, SV ejection fraction, calculated as: [(SV volume before ejaculation 2 SV volume after ejaculation)/SV volume before ejaculation] × 100, was evaluated. results: After adjusting for sexual abstinence and age, both pre-ejaculatory SV volume and SV ejection fraction were positively associated with ejaculate volume. As assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve, a cut-off for SV ejection fraction of 21.6% discriminates subjects with normal ejaculate volume (≥1.5 ml) and pH (≥7.2 ml) with both sensitivity and specificity equal to 75%. Subjects with SV ejection fraction of ,21.6% more often had a higher post-ejaculatory SV volume and ejaculatory duct abnormalities. Furthermore, a higher post-ejaculatory SV volume was associated with a higher prostate volume and SV abnormalities. Higher epididymal and deferential diameters were also detected in subjects with a higher post-ejaculatory SV volume or reduced SV ejection fraction. No association between SV and testis ultrasound features or sperm parameters was observed. Associations with SV ejection fraction were confirmed in nested 1:1 casecontrol analysis. The SV contribute significantly to the ejaculate volume. A new parameter, SV ejection fraction, could be useful in assessing SV emptying. A SV ejection fraction of ,21.6% was associated with prostate-vesicular and epididymal ultrasound abnormalities.
Seminal Vesicle Cysts: Case Reports AND L iterature Review
Archives of Iranian …, 2003
Seminal vesicle cysts are unusual but treatable causes of lower urinary tract symptoms. Transrectal ultrasonography is a good method for initial evaluation of seminal vesicle cysts; endorectal magnetic resonance imaging should be reserved for the cases whose ultrasonographic results are ...
Primary Seminal Vesicle Abscess: A Diagnostic Dilemma— A Review of Current Literature
The Journal of Medical Sciences, 2019
Seminal vesicles (SV) are accessory sex organs of male genitourinary (GU) tract, which play a crucial role in male fertility. Primary seminal vesicle abscess (SVA) is a rare pathologic entity with no specific symptoms with very few reported cases in literature, posing a great diagnostic difficulty to the clinicians. Common pathologies of seminal vesicle include cyst, congenital abnormalities and seminal vesicle infection, and abscess, secondary to obstruction and infection of the neighboring organs have been frequently addressed. Cross-sectional imaging advancement has expanded not only our knowledge of GU tract abnormalities but also our treatment approaches. Seminal vesicle abscess is a rare pathological condition and diagnosis is based on clinical and radiological findings. Conservative treatment could be effective in selected cases. In cases refractory to conservative management, surgical decompression can be an option. Transrectal ultrasonography-guided mini-invasive drainage modalities can be proposed successfully.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Seminal Vesicle Cyst Associated with Ipsilateral Urinary Anomalies
Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, 2006
Seminal vesicle cysts rarely cause symptoms. Data on long-term follow-up from childhood to adulthood are lacking. The study analyzed the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and follow-up results of this condition. From 1991 to 1996, seminal vesicle cyst was diagnosed in 13 boys (mean age, 12 years; range, 7-15 years), six of whom had long-term follow-up data. The clinical symptoms and MRI findings at diagnosis and at follow-up were analyzed. The seminal vesicle cyst was on the right side in six patients and on the left in seven. The size varied, ranging from 1.0 x 1.3 x 1.4 to 4.4 x 3.1 x 3.6 cm. All showed high signal intensity on T2-weighted images but variable signal intensity on T1-weighted images. Associated urinary tract anomalies included renal anomalies (dysplasia in 2 patients, agenesis in 11), ectopic ureteral orifice (11), hydroureter (6), and vertebral anomalies (2). One of the six patients with follow-up had repeated urinary tract infection and underwent surgical resection of the cyst 8 years after the diagnosis. The other five had no symptoms during the follow-up period. Three of the six patients had repeat MRI after a median of 11 years, which showed slight cyst enlargement and increased T1-weighted signal intensity. Most seminal vesicle cysts were asymptomatic and did not change during long-term follow-up. MRI is a powerful tool for detecting seminal vesicle cysts and in delineating associated congenital anomalies of the urogenital tract.
The Role of Imaging in the Diagnosis of Recurrence of Primary Seminal Vesicle Adenocarcinoma
The World Journal of Men's Health, 2014
Primary seminal vesicle (SV) adenocarcinoma is a rare tumor. A small amount of data about the role of imaging to detect tumor recurrence is available. We report the case of a 58-year-old patient with primary SV clear-cell well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Clinical and instrumental examinations were negative for the 32 months after treatments when computed tomography scan, [ 18 F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed the appearance of a lesion in the left perineal muscle suspected for recurrence. Patient was symptomless.
European Journal of Radiology, 2011
Male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) may experience infertility because the disease affects negatively many aspects of reproduction, including seminal vesicle (SV) function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ultrasound characteristics of the SVs of infertile patients with DM because no such data are available in these patients. To accomplish this, 25 infertile patients with type 2 DM and no other known causes of sperm parameter abnormalities were selected. Two different control groups were also enrolled: healthy men with idiopathic infertility (n = 25) and infertile patients with male accessory gland infections (MAGI) (n = 25), a well-studied clinical model of SV inflammation. Patients and controls underwent prostate-vesicular transrectal ultrasonography after 1 day of sexual abstinence before and 1 h after ejaculation. The following SV ultrasound parameters were recorded: (1) body antero-posterior diameter (ADP); (2) fundus APD; (3) parietal thickness of the right and left SVs; (4) number of polycyclic areas within both SVs; (5) fundus/body ratio; (6) difference of the parietal thickness between the right and the left SV; and (7) pre-and post-ejaculatory APD difference. Patients with DM had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher F/B ratio compared to controls and patients with MAGI. Only patients with MAGI had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of polycyclic areas. Controls and MAGI patients have a similar preand post-ejaculatory difference of the body SV APD, whereas this difference was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in patients with DM. In conclusion, this study showed that infertile patients with DM have peculiar SV ultrasound features suggestive of functional atony.