階級のハビトゥスとしての文化弁別力とその社会的構成 (original) (raw)
自尊感情の文化差とその弁明方略への影響 : 文化相反仮説の検証
Human Communication Studies, 2007
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effeets of cultural differences in self-esteem on the preferenee for account-making tactics, including concessions, excuses, justifieations, and refusals, Among the four tacties, eoncessions were considered most mitigating, followed by excuses, justifications and refusals the least initigating (the rnost aggravating), Following Tafarodi and Swann (1995), self-esteem was conceptualized as holding two highly correlated but distinctive dirnensions, i.e., self-competenee and self-liking. The cultural trade-off hypothesis (Tafarodi, Lang, & Smith, 1999; Tafarodi & Swanii, l996) posits that individualistic eultures would stress selfcompetence more than self-]iking but eollectivistic cultures would emphasize seli liking more than self-.eompetence. Because self-competence and self-1iking can be interpreted differently in individualistic and eollectivistic eultures, positive relationships would be expected between self-liklng and mitigating accounts and between self competence and self-proteetive accounts in Japanese eulture (a eollectivistic culture). The opposite pattern was expected in Amerjcan culture (am individualistic culture). That is, positive relations would exist between self-liki]g and self-protective accounts a[nd between self-competence and mitigating accounts. The results of rnultigroup covariance structure analyses sitpported most of the hypotheses, Nso, it was found that a more independenL self-construal predicted higher levels of self-competenee and self-liking and that all interdependent self-censtrual had weak negative links with these twe diniensions of self-esteem. The iinplications of these findings were discussed,
2016
2014～2015研究成果の概要（和文）：本研究の目的は、集団間葛藤状況が同調行動を促進させるとの仮説の妥当性を検討すること、そして、促進された同調行動が「文化」の生成を促すか否かを検討することに遭った。実験室実験および進化シミュレーションを実施した結果、１）集団間葛藤状況において少数派同調にも適応価が見られた、２）実験の結果、集団間葛藤時において多数派同調傾向は観測されなかった。ただし、協力傾向に男女差が見られた。成果１）は社会心理学研究に掲載され、成果２）は国内の諸学会にて発表された。研究成果の概要（英文）：We aim to test the validity of the hypothesis that intergroup conflict would promote conformity, and whether facilitated conformity can create "culture". 1) the majority-syncing is still adaptive in intergroup conflict even when minority-syncing invaded, 2) majority-syncing was not showed in lab experiment, but sex differences was showed in ingroup cooperation. The results of 1) was reported in Japanese Journal of Social Psychology, and the results 2) was presented in the conferences hold in Japan.科学研究費補助金研究成果報告書 研究代表者：横田 晋大［総合研究大学院大学その他の研究科研究員