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Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2023
Allah, our creator, has assigned different roles and responsibilities to men and women. Men have been nominated as In charge of family in Islam to smoothly run a family. To run a family smoothly, men have been nominated as In Charge of the Family in Islam However, many Sahabiya worked and had the responsibilities of being in charge of their family due to their family's needs. In this situation, the Holy Prophet (s.a.w.w) never condemned or neglected them, demonstrating that women can be in charge of their families. This article illustrates the concept and responsibilities of being in charge of a family. In light of Seerat un Nabi, including the role of women as family heads (s.a.w.w). To achieve the desired results, qualitative research is conducted. After analyzing and reading the literature, it is discovered that Islam is flexible in terms of being in charge of the family, but men are ultimately responsible for this purpose. It is difficult for women to lead their families in today's world. Which have been highlighted, as well as some suggestions for bringing up issues, are being discussed.
Discovering the Factors Affecting Divorce in Early Marriages: A Systematic Qualitative Study
Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 2019
Aim and Background: Divorce as a social injury has increased in recent years in Iran and worldwide. Researchers have cited a variety of causes, including: severe belief differences, different upbringings, maladaptive personality traits, etc. which lead to conflict and eventually divorce. The purpose of this study was to explore the factors that influence divorce in early marriages. Methods and Materials: In this research, Grand Theory method, one of the qualitative research methods, was used. For this purpose, 20 samples were selected by purposive method. Depth and open interviews were used to collect data. The transcripts were transcribed and then analyzed using the open, fundamental, and selective coding method introduced by Corbin in his book. Evaluators' judgment was also used to increase the validity of the data. Findings: From the findings of this study, four main concepts were identified that illustrated the structure of conflict. These included: social, family, economic, personality. The results of the study, characterized by open, fundamental, and selective coding, showed that factors such as inappropriate age, forced marriage, lack of understanding of the role of men and women, personality and cultural differences, inadequate social and communication skills, economic issues, Interference, lack of support network, unrealistic expectations of spouse, unmet needs, identity confusion, negative emotions and lack of emotion, negative parental communication pattern, family turmoil, gross differences between couples (school, appearance, family, personality) Insecure attachment and psychological inflexibility accelerate conflict and divorce. Conclusions: It seems that couples' enjoyment of pre-marriage counseling and awareness and understanding of themselves and the opposite sex and responsible and mature decision-making can play an important role in success of marriage.
The Relationship between Self-efficacy and Breastfeeding, Tehran, Iran
2009
Breastfeeding is the most cost-effective, healthpromoting, and disease-preventing activity that new mothers can perform. Many researches have focused on identifying factors that influence breastfeeding initiation and duration. An important and modifiable factor is the perceived self-efficacy of mothers for breast feedings. It refers to a mother's perceived ability to breastfeed her newborn; and is a dominant variable in the duration of breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between self-efficacy and breastfeeding. Methods & Materials: A descriptive, longitudinal, analytic approach was used in this study. The three-part questionnaire was administered to the eligible pregnant women (437 pregnant women) who were at least in 37 weeks of gestation and intended to breastfeed. They were then contacted again at one and four months postpartum to determine their infants' feeding level and method. The questionnaire was re-administered to the participants at that time. Results: The results showed that 80.4 percent of participants had exclusive breastfeeding during one month. There was no significant relationship between antenatal breastfeeding self-efficacy and the breastfeeding. The self-efficacy was significantly related to breastfeeding outcomes at one month. Mothers with high self-efficacy were significantly more likely to breastfed their babies exclusively at one and four months postpartum than the mothers with low self-efficacy. Conclusion: Maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy is significantly related to breastfeeding duration and level. Measuring breastfeeding self-efficacy not only identifies high risk mothers, but also provides important information to health care providers in providing support to new mothers.