Relationship Between Herpesviruses and Periodontopathogens in Patients With HIV and Periodontitis (original) (raw)
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Herpesviruses 6, 7 and 8 in HIV‐and non‐HIV‐associated periodontitis
Journal of …, 2000
Since the mid-1970s, numerous studies have examined the importance of speci®c microbial species in periodontal disease. Studies focused principally upon the role of bacteria and, to some extent, upon the role of fungi and parasites in periodontal disease (1). Virtually no attention was given to mammalian viruses in periodontal disease. However, ®ndings within the last 5 yr have provided initial evidence that human herpesviruses contribute to periodontal disease development (2). Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses displaying cytopathogenic and/or immunosuppressive properties. Eight human herpesvirus species are currently identi®ed, namely herpes simplex virus (type 1 and 2), varicella-zoster virus, Epstein±Barr virus (EBV) type 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus (HCMV), herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6), herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) and herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) (also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus). After primary infection, herpesviruses remain latent, in potentially reproductive form, within monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes (3, 4), salivary gland tissue (5, 6) or nerve root ganglia (7). Reactivation of latent herpesviruses can take place spontaneously or be precipitated by host defense-impairing events including emotional stress, concurrent infections, fever, ultraviolet light exposure, tissue trauma, drugs and immunosuppression (3, 8). Oral disease has been attributed to each known species of human herpesviruses (2). Slots & Contreras (9) proposed a model by which periodontal active HCMV and EBV-1 infection may participate in the pathogenesis of human periodontal disease. Contreras & Slots (10) identi®ed active HCMV infection in deep periodontal sites of 4 of 11 individuals with adult or juvenile periodontitis. Also, Contreras et al. (11) detected
Herpesviruses in chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients in an Indian population
Journal of Oral Science, 2009
Many recent studies have assessed the prevalence and role of herpesviruses in the etiopathogenesis of periodontal diseases, which has led to the realization of intricate interactions between viruses and bacteria within periodontal pockets. It has also been shown that the occurrence of herpesviruses may vary depending upon the age of the patient and the race of the population studied. Thus, the present study aimed at detecting herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV 1 and 2), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in periodontal pockets of Indian patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis. Subgingival plaque samples (n = 33) were collected from 19 randomly chosen chronic periodontitis and 14 aggressive periodontitis patients. Herpesviruses were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction technique. Chronic periodontitis patients revealed presence of HSV-1 in 19 (100%) samples, HSV-2 in 3 (15.7%), EBV in 15 (78.9%) and HCMV in 5 (26.31%) samples. Samples from aggressive periodontitis patients showed the presence of HSV-1 in 8 (57.14%), EBV in 4 (28.57%) and HCMV in 1 (7.14%), whereas HSV-2 was not detected in any specimen. In this population, herpesviruses were found more frequently in chronic periodontitis than in aggressive periodontitis patients and their prevalence may vary according to the age and race of the patient. (J Oral Sci 51, [79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86] 2009)
Journal of Periodontology, 1991
Human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-associated gingivitis (HIV-G) and HIVassociated Periodontitis (HIV-P) are two intraoral lesions manifested by patients with HIV infection. Periodontal indices were measured for 87 subjects in 5 study groups: HIV-seropositive patients with healthy periodontium (HIV-), with HIV-G, or with HIV-P; and non-HIV-infected subjects with healthy periodontium (H) or with adult chronic Periodontitis (). The quantitative clinical parameters were compared and statistically significant intergroup differences were noted. The mean scores on PI and PD do not discriminate between HIV-seropositive and non-HIV-infected seronegative cohorts, but a significant difference in the GI between HIVand was noted. When categories of PD and AL are examined, some differences become apparent. Generally, the PD and AL of HIV-P are not as great as those of P. PI correlates well with GI (r = 0.86) in P, but does not (r = 0.33) in HIV-P. In addition, the occurrence of selected putative periodontopathic bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, spirochetes, and motile eubacteria) in these lesions was determined by brightfield (after staining), darkfield and immunofluorescent microscopy. No difference in microbiological profile in the bacterial groups monitored was found between and HIV-P. Spirochetes were found to be more abundant than P. gingivalis in the lesions of and HIV-P. In marked contrast, P. gingivalis was found to be in highest numbers in samples from the gingival crevice of H as determined by indirect immunofluorescence.
Association of Herpesvirus and Periodontitis: A Clinical and Laboratorial Case–Control Study
European Journal of Dentistry, 2023
Objectives A significant influence of the Herpesviridae family in the progression of periodontal disease has been suggested. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential association of four Herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2, cytomegalovirus [CMV], and Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]) with periodontal disease using a qualitative test for evaluating the presence or absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients. Materials and Methods A case-control study was conducted in 100 participants at a university clinic. A qualitative test was used for evaluating the presence/absence of viral DNA in crevicular fluid samples of both healthy periodontal patients and periodontal compromised patients, and considering the periodontitis staging (stage II, stage III, and stage IV) and grading (grade A, grade B, and grade C). Statistical Analysis The distribution of the same exposure variables to the periodontitis staging and grading was compared using Chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Gamma tests depending on the variable characteristics. The significance level was set at 5%. The association of the variables: age, sex, diabetes, smoking, alcohol, and oral hygiene was also considered. Results The prevalence of Herpesviridae family virus DNA was 6% for the periodontal healthy group and 60% for the periodontitis group (roughly 60% on periodontitis stages II, III, and IV, p <0.001; and twofold increase in moderate and rapid progression grades compared with the slow progression grade, p <0.001). HSV1 DNA was prevalent in all periodontitis stages and grades. HSV 2, EBV, and CMV DNA had increasing prevalence rates in more severe stages (stages III and IV, p <0.001); while considering periodontitis grade, HSV2 (p ¼ 0.001), CMV (p ¼ 0.019) and EBV (p <0.001) DNA were prevalent only in grades B and C, with EBV DNA registering a marked prevalence in grade C. Conclusion A significant different distribution of Herpesviridae virus DNA per each stage of disease was registered.
Archives of Virology, 2013
The causative agents in periodontal disease are periopathogenic bacteria; however, viruses have been implicated. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of different HHVs in the saliva of chronic periodontitis patients and to compare it to two groups of healthy controls. Three groups were included: chronic periodontitis patients (CP), periodontally healthy patients (NP) and oral health providers with a healthy periodontium (NPOHP). For each subject, 1 ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected and mixed with 2 ml lysis buffer. HHVs assays were performed using real-time PCR. Fifteen percent of the subjects in the CP group tested positive for CMV compared to none in the NP and NPOHP groups (p = 0.04). Recurrent herpes was more frequent in females (51.7 %) than in males (33.3 %), and this was statistically significant (p = 0.038). The higher prevalence of CMV in the unstimulated saliva of CP patients suggests that CMV may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis.
Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2008
Aims: To evaluate (i) the presence of human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and (ii) the transcription pattern of HHV-7 in gingival biopsies from patients affected by periodontitis (P) and periodontally healthy subjects (H). Material and Methods: Thirty-seven subjects (P: n 5 24; H: n 5 13) were included. Each P patient contributed two gingival biopsies (representative of a clinically affected and non-affected site) and each H subject contributed one gingival biopsy. After DNA extraction, nested polymerase chain reaction was used to identify the viruses. Results: HHV-7 was detected in 91.7% of P patients and in 61.5% of H subjects (p 5 0.02), EBV in 50.0% samples of P patients and 7.7% of H subjects (p 5 0.005) and HCMV only in one sample from H group. EBV was more frequently detected in biopsies from affected sites (50.0%) than from non-affected sites (16.7%) (p 5 0.008). HHV-7 transcription was detected in 15.4% of affected and 15.4% of non-affected sites.