Ultrastructural changes in epithelial cells of rats exposed to low concentration of hydrogen sulfide for 50 days (original) (raw)
Related papers
2016
Pathologic halitosis has been classified into 5 types: oral, airway, gastroesophageal, blood-borne and subjective, respectively. Type 1 (oral) halitosis mostly takes origin from anaerobic bacterial activities on oral surfaces. Despite some assertion appeared on candidial halitosis can be a hidden reason for oral malodor, Candidas’ role has not been clearly investigated in halitosis patients. A total of 136 subjects were enrolled and divided into two groups. The study group comprised of 69 patients with halitosis who had over 0.7 ppm H2S concentration in their oral cavity and the control group comprised of 67 healthly subjects. Self assesment scores for halitosis, Candida colony counts in saliva samples, oral NH3, SO2, H2S, H2 and volatile organic gas concentrations were measured and recorded. H2S producing capacity of subjects was quantified by applying cysteine challenge test. In order to know what gases are emitted by Candida colonies, Candida samples were taken from patients’ mouth with and without halitosis, and from C. albicans isolates were inoculated broth medium. After 3 days incubation at 37oC , gas concentrations of headspace of flasks were read and compared by a portable multigas detector. The percentage of Candida positivity was 44.9% in the study group while it was 46.3% in the control group. There was no statistical significant difference between the groups according to the Candida growth (p=0.561). The oral gas concentrations were comparable in both groups (p<0.05). Oral H2S concentration increased 9.65 fold with 20 mM cysteine rinse in patients with halitosis while it was 5.8 fold in controls. Self assesment for halitosis well correlated with clinic signs (p=0.001, r=0.8). Candida cultures apperantly showed increasing of H2 and VOC concentrations. In this study, no association between Candida presence and oral halitosis was detected. No need antifungal therapy or diet to treat halitosis. On the other hand, cysteine challenge can be a useful diagnostic tool. Additonally, multigas detectors to quantify halitosis seems practical halitometers.
Periodontitis, Halitosis and Oral-Health-Related Quality of Life—A Cross-Sectional Study
Journal of Clinical Medicine
We aimed to explore the association between volatile sulfurous compounds (VSCs) and periodontal epithelial surface area (PESA) and periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) on a cohort of periodontitis patients. Consecutive patients were assessed for periodontitis and halitosis. A full-mouth periodontal status assessment tested probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival recession (REC), bleeding on probing (BoP), PISA and PESA. A halitosis assessment was made using a VSC detector device. Periodontal measures were regressed across VSC values using adjusted multivariate linear analysis. From a total of seventy-two patients (37 females/35 males), the PESA of posterior-lower regions was found to be significantly higher in halitosis cases than their non-halitosis counterparts (p = 0.031). Considering all patients, the PESA of the posterior-lower region (B = 1.3, 95% CI: 0.2–2.3, p = 0.026) and age (B = −1.6, 95% CI: −3.1–0.2, p = 0.026) showed significant association wit...
Non surgical management of periodontitis related halitosis among adults
Saudi Journal for Health Sciences, 2014
Introduction: Management of periodontitis-related oral malodor may include simple measures such as scaling and root planning (SRP) and oral hygiene instructions. Aim: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-surgical management of periodontitis on controlling halitosis (oral malodor) measured by Halimeter. Methodology: Clinical data were recorded from 60 participants who were attended the out-patient periodontics clinic at the College of Dentistry of King Khalid University, Abha city, Saudi Arabia. The participants were grouped as periodontitis (case), non-surgically treated periodontitis and healthy (control). Volatile sulfur compounds were measured in parts per billion (ppb) as a caliber for halitosis for each group using a Halimeter . Data were statistically analyzed utilizing the Chi-square distribution test (P < 0.05). Results: In the average, case group showed strong halitosis 230.00 ± 54.29 ppb that was reduced to weak halitosis 124.25 ± 26.43 ppb following non-surgical (SRP) management of chronic periodontitis, with the deeper pockets, increased halitosis was measured as mean halitosis of periodontitis and treated cases 188.90 ± 14.22 ppb and 114.70 ± 20.75 ppb, 240.25 ± 58.08 ppb and 128.25 ± 39.31 ppb and 294.33 ± 19.64 ppb and 137.50 ± 23.36 ppb, respectively, in 5-6, 6.1-7 and 7.1-8 mm groups respectively. Conclusion: Based on study results, halitosis is directly related to periodontitis and periodontal pocket depth among the adults, which can be successfully controlled by SRP. ABSTRACT [Downloaded free from http://www.saudijhealthsci.org on Friday, June 20, 2014, IP: 197.135.255.224] || Click here to download free Android application for this jour Eid: Periodontitis related halitosis among adults
Halitosis: the multidisciplinary approach
International journal of oral science, 2012
Halitosis, bad breath or oral malodour are all synonyms for the same pathology. Halitosis has a large social and economic impact. For the majority of patients suffering from bad breath, it causes embarrassment and affects their social communication and life. Moreover,halitosis can be indicative of underlying diseases. Only a limited number of scientific publications were presented in this field until 1995. Ever since, a large amount of research is published, often with lack of evidence. In general, intraoral conditions, like insufficient dental hygiene, periodontitis or tongue coating are considered to be the most important cause (85%) for halitosis. Therefore, dentists and periodontologists are the first-line professionals to be confronted with this problem. They should be well aware of the origin, the detection and especially of the treatment of this pathology. In addition, ear-nose-throat-associated (10%) or gastrointestinal/endocrinological (5%) disorders may contribute to the p...
Effectiveness of full- and partial-mouth disinfection on halitosis in periodontal patients
Journal of Oral Science, 2015
To compare the effectiveness of full-and partial-mouth disinfection for halitosis control, patients were assigned to treatment with full-mouth therapy (complete scaling and root planing in one stage within 24 h) or conventional therapy in quadrants (scaling and root planing performed by quadrant over a period of 4 weeks) (n = 90 for each group). Both groups were then subdivided: half the patients scraped their tongue daily and half did not. The patients were then evaluated by halimeter, organoleptic testing, and tongue coating index. Halimeter evaluation showed greater reduction of sulfide gases after full-mouth therapy than after conventional therapy (P < 0.001). However, organoleptic testing and the tongue coating index showed no difference among the four treatment groups. There was also no difference in relation to tongue scraping. In conclusion, halimeter evaluation showed that the reduction in volatile sulfur compounds was significantly greater after full-mouth therapy than after conventional therapy. However, this difference was not observed in organoleptic evaluation.
International journal of dental hygiene, 2014
A controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral prophylaxis on halitosis-associated, immunological and microbiological parameters. Thirty subjects were included in this controlled clinical trial (patients with generalized chronic periodontitis and controls without clinical attachment loss; each n = 15). Before oral prophylaxis and 14 days after (including tongue cleaning) volatile sulphur compounds (VSC), organoleptic scores and a tongue coating index were evaluated. The levels of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10 and MMP-8 were measured in GCF, and also major periodontal pathogens were detected. Data were statistically analysed using anova and paired t-test. Supragingival plaque and calculus removal with combined tongue cleaning was able to reduce significantly (P < 0.05) the VSC values in both groups (no significant differences between both groups). Two weeks after periodontal debridement, the VSC values were observed in the periodontitis group, but not in the contro...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2017
Bad breath can be detrimental to one's self-image and confidence causing social, emotional, and psychological anxiety. With the majority of breath problems having an oral origin, the dental office is the most logical place for patients to seek treatment. The etiology of halitosis is related to release of odiferous compounds like volatile sulphur compounds in the exhaled air. This article reviews the etio-pathogenesis and patho-physiology of halitosis (oral malodor) , various classification systems, methods of detection and its management.
Annals of International Medical and Dental Research, 2016
Background: Halitosis is one of the most frequent complaints while a patient visits to a dentist. It has negative impact on the psychology of the individuals because of the social stigma related to it. Halitosis can produce by the degrading action of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria on sulfur containing substance such as debris and plaque. In majority of cases the source of halitosis is oral cavity. Methods: A total of 300 patients were selected from the OPD of department of Periodontics. Out of all, 166 were male and 134 were female. Organoleptic scoring system was used to detect the grade of halitosis. Complete dental checkup of the patients were performed to find out the possible cause of malodor. Results: Prevalence of halitosis in the given population was 63% (n=188). Out of total subjects with halitosis, 62 subjects (32%) presented with grade-I, 46 subjects (24%) with grade-II, 38 subjects (20%) with grade-III, 24 subjects (13%) with grade-IV and 18 subjects (11%) with grade-V. Strongest correlation was found between tongue coating and prevalence of halitosis. Other causes reported was, dental caries, periodontal disease, smoking, tobacco chewing, and pericoronitis. Conclusion: Prevalence of halitosis in the given population was 63%. Men had significantly greater prevalence of halitosis compared to women. The major reported etiological factor for halitosis was tongue coating.
Journal of International Dental and Medical Research, 2020
The mixture of hydrogen sulfide and methyl in volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are known to cause oral malodor along with the action of microorganisms, particularly the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis). This study aimed to determine the correlation between hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels and the proportion of P. gingivalis in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and tongue coatings of patients with periodontitis. Clinical samples were collected from the GCF and tongues of 32 subjects, including periodontitis group and healthy individuals. Hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels were measured using a gas chromatograph. Measurements of the probing pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and tongue coating scores were included as the diagnostic criteria. A pocket depth of ≥3 mm was taken into consideration. The quantities of P. gingivalis in the GCF and tongue coatings were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Correlations between the levels of the two gases and the clinical parameters were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. Thirty-two samples collected were divided into three groups: healthy/control group (n = 6), periodontitis group A with a pocket depth 3-4 mm (n = 12), and periodontitis group B with a pocket depth of ≥5 mm (n = 14). Moderate positive correlations were found between both gases, hydrogen sulfide (r = 0,55; p<0,05) and methyl mercaptan (r = 0,432; p<0,05), and the proportion of P. gingivalis in the GCF. In the tongue coatings, hydrogen sulfide (r = 0,455, p<0,05), but not methyl mercaptan (r = 0,256;p>0,05), was correlated to P. gingivalis. Weak-to moderately-positive correlations between hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan levels and the proportion of P. gingivalis were seen in the GCF and tongue coatings of the patients with periodontitis, which may be related to halitosis.