Influence of Silica Nanoparticles on the Properties of Cellulose Composite Membranes: A Current Review (original) (raw)
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Cellulose nanostructures and composite membranes incorporating nanoscale cellulose have gained attention due to their promising utility in various applications. Cellulose nanocomposites in the forms of aerogels, thin films, and nanopapers have been studied extensively. This review focuses on nanocomposite membranes of cellulose which find uses in desalination, sensing, electrical, and biomedical applications. The presence of abundant hydrogen bonds and easily functionalizable surfaces makes cellulose an appropriate material for the fabrication of membranes that can be leveraged for their adsorptive capabilities applicable to water treatment. Membranes of nanocellulose, their modifications by various reinforcements, augmentation of thermal stabilities, selectivity as sensors etc., are discussed in detail here along with pertinent physicochemical aspects. Regenerated cellulose which has different characteristics compared to natural cellulose, is also being discussed.
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1 Mapua University, School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, 658 Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila, Philippines 1002 2 KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden 3 Mapúa University, Resiliency and Sustainable Development Center and School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering, Philippines
Effect of silica particles on cellulose acetate blend ultrafiltration membranes: Part I
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The casting and preparation of ultrafiltration ZnO modified cellulose acetate membrane (CA/ZnO) were investigated in this work. CA membranes were fabricated by phase inversion using dimethylformamide (DMF) as a solvent and ZnO as nanostructures materials. Ultrafiltration (UF) performance, mechanical stability, morphology, contact angle, and porosity were evaluated on both CA- and ZnO-modified CA samples. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the morphology of the membranes, showing different pore sizes either on rough surfaces and cross-sections of the samples, an asymmetric structure and ultra-scale pores with an average pore radius 0.0261 to 0.045 µm. Contact angle measurements showed the highest hydrophobicity values for the samples with no ZnO addition, ranging between 48° and 82.7° on their airside. The permeability values decreased with the increasing CA concentration in the casting solution, as expected; however, ZnO-modified membranes produced lower flux t...
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In order to enhance characteristic performance of cellulose acetate (CA) membranes, a novel nanofiller synergy is adopted herein for desalination purpose. Activated zinc oxide and aerosilica synergy in seven different ratio based combinations were introduced into CA matrix adopting solution mixing technique. The functionalized nanofillers loading impact on membranes surface texture, crystalline structural difference, functional groups presence, thermal decomposition and phase transition temperatures were scrutinized. The solely membranes were practically employed to determine salts (NaCl and MgCl2) rejection tested by dead end filtration system. Time dependent flux rate and fouling study was performed to decide the reuseability of 2 nanocomposite membranes. The results validate a remarkable improvement by idiosyncratically synthesized nanocomposite membranes.
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Cellulose acetate (CA) fibers were electrospun on a mesh template to create specific surface and pore structures for membrane applications. The mesh template CA fiber mats were impregnated with cellulose nanocrystals at varying weight percentages. The membranes showed nanotextured surfaces and improved mechanical properties post impregnation. More importantly, the hydrophilicity of the original CA fibers was increased from a hydrophobic contact angle of 102°-0°thereby creating an anti-fouling membrane surface structure. The membranes showed rejection of 20-56% for particles of 0.5-2.0 lm, indicating potential of these membranes in rejecting microorganisms from water. Furthermore, high rejection of dyes (80-99%) by adsorption and potential application as highly functional affinity membranes was demonstrated. These membranes can therefore be utilized as all-cellulose, green, scalable and low cost high flux membranes ([ 20,000 LMH) for water cleaning applications in food industry where microorganisms and charged contaminants are to be removed.
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In membrane-based water purification technology, control of the membrane pore structure is fundamental to defining its performance. The present study investigates the effect of the preparation conditions on the final pore size distribution and on the dye removal efficiency of cellulose acetate membranes. The membranes were fabricated by means of phase inversion (using different speeds of film casting and different thicknesses of the casted solution) and introducing modifications in the preparation conditions, such as the use of a coagulation bath instead of pure water and the addition of a surfactant as a solution additive. Both isotropic and anisotropic membranes could be fabricated, and the membranes’ pore size, porosity, and water permeability were found to be greatly influenced by the fabrication conditions. The removal capacity towards different types of water contaminants was investigated, considering, as model dyes, Azure A and Methyl Orange. Azure A was removed with higher e...