Effect of weave parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D woven glass composites (original) (raw)
Related papers
Three common 3D (Three Dimensional) Glass woven structures were studied to analyze the tensile behavior. Each type of strand (Warp, weft and binder) of 3D woven structure was studied in detail. Crimp percentage of those strands was measured by crimp meter. Standard size samples of each 3D woven structure were cut in warp and weft direction and were stretched by Instron Tensile testing computerized machine. Results reveal that hybrid possesses lowest crimp in core strands and higher strength in warp as well as weft direction. Layer to layer woven structure appeared with lower strength and higher strain value due to highest crimp percentage in core strands.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2009
Composites fabricated by VARTM technology with the use of single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven preforms 3WEAVE Ò find fast growing research interest and industrial applications. It is now well understood and appreciated that this type of advanced composites provides efficient delamination suppression, enhanced damage tolerance, and superior impact, ballistic and blast performance characteristics over 2D fabric laminates. At the same time, this type of composites, having practically straight in-plane fibers, show significantly better in-plane stiffness and strength properties than respective properties of a ''conventional" type 3D interlock weave composites. One primarily important question, which has not been addressed yet, is how the in-plane elastic and strength characteristics of this type of composites compare with respective in-plane properties of ''equivalent" laminates made of 2D woven fabrics. This 2-part paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the comparison of in-plane tensile properties of two single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass fiber composites on one side and a laminate reinforced with four plies of plain weave E-glass fabric on the other. Results obtained from mechanical testing are supplemented by acoustic emission data providing damage initiation thresholds, progressive cracks observation, full-field surface strain mapping and cracks observation on micrographs. The obtained results demonstrate that the studied 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven composites have considerably higher in-plane ultimate failure stresses and strains, as well as damage initiation strain thresholds than their 2D woven laminated composite counterpart. Part 1 presents the description of materials used, experimental techniques applied, principal results and their mutual comparisons for the three tested composites. Part 2 describes in detail the experimentally observed effects and trends with the main focus on the progressive damage: detailed results of AE registration, full-field strain measurements and progressive damage observations, highlighting peculiarities of local damage patterns and explaining the succession of local damage events, which leads to the differences in strength values between 2D and 3D composites.
Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 2009
Composites fabricated by VARTM technology with the use of single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven preforms 3WEAVE Ò find fast growing research interest and industrial applications. It is now well understood and appreciated that this type of advanced composites provides efficient delamination suppression, enhanced damage tolerance, and superior impact, ballistic and blast performance characteristics over 2D fabric laminates. At the same time, this type of composites, having practically straight in-plane fibers, show significantly better in-plane stiffness and strength properties than respective properties of a ''conventional" type 3D interlock weave composites. One primarily important question, which has not been addressed yet, is how the in-plane elastic and strength characteristics of this type of composites compare with respective in-plane properties of ''equivalent" laminates made of 2D woven fabrics. This 2-part paper presents a comprehensive experimental study of the comparison of in-plane tensile properties of two single-ply non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave E-glass fiber composites on one side and a laminate reinforced with four plies of plain weave E-glass fabric on the other. Results obtained from mechanical testing are supplemented by acoustic emission data providing damage initiation thresholds, progressive cracks observation, full-field surface strain mapping and cracks observation on micrographs. The obtained results demonstrate that the studied 3D non-crimp orthogonal woven composites have considerably higher in-plane ultimate failure stresses and strains, as well as damage initiation strain thresholds than their 2D woven laminated composite counterpart. Part 1 presents the description of materials used, experimental techniques applied, principal results and their mutual comparisons for the three tested composites. Part 2 describes in detail the experimentally observed effects and trends with the main focus on the progressive damage: detailed results of AE registration, full-field strain measurements and progressive damage observations, highlighting peculiarities of local damage patterns and explaining the succession of local damage events, which leads to the differences in strength values between 2D and 3D composites.
Assessment of the mechanical properties of a new 3D woven fibre composite material
Composites Science and Technology, 2009
Fully interlaced 3D fabric is produced by a new weaving technology, and it is here utilised to produce woven carbon fibre preforms, which are then used as reinforcement in composite materials. The purpose of this study is to assess the mechanical performance of this new type of composite material. A prototype loom was used to weave preforms with a rectangular cross section where all warp and weft yarns were fully interlaced in plain weave. Tensile, compressive, out-of-plane, shear and flexural properties of the composite flat-beam specimens were tested. The in-plane stiffness and strength were found to be lower, while the out-of-plane properties were higher compared to conventional 2D laminates. In terms of strength, it was not possible to quantify the difference, since the specimens with 3D woven material exhibited other failure modes than those tested for.
Journal of Composite Materials, 2020
Mechanical properties of woven fabric composites are influenced by fabric geometry and harness. In the present research, woven fabric composites made of ML-506 epoxy resin and E-glass woven fabrics with three different fabric geometries (harnesses of 2, 5, and 8) were studied experimentally. The new concepts of warp and fill-fiber volume fractions were introduced. Based on these new concepts, a micromechanical model for predicting the stiffness and strength of composites made of woven fabrics was developed. An experimental program was conducted to evaluate the present model and the new concepts of warp and fill-fiber volume fractions. The results obtained by the new micromechanical model have been compared with the conducted experimental results as well as the experimental data available in the literature, and very good correlations were obtained.
Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 2018
Three-dimensional multilayer woven composites are mostly used in high-performance applications due to their excellent out-of-plane mechanical performance. The current research presents an experimental investigation on the mechanical behavior of three-dimensional orthogonal layer-to-layer interlock composites. The glass filament yarn and carbon tows were used as reinforcement in warp and weft directions respectively, whereas epoxy was used as a resin for composite fabrication. Three different types of orthogonal layer to layer interlock namely warp, weft, and bi-directional interlock composites were fabricated and the effect of interlocking pattern on their mechanical performance was evaluated. The evaluation of the mechanical performance was made on the basis of tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength, and dynamic mechanical analysis of composites in warp and weft directions. It was found that warp and weft interlock composites showed better tensile behavior as compared...
Composites Science and Technology, 2010
Please cite this article as: Carvelli, V., Gramellini, G., Lomov, S.V., Bogdanovich, A.E., Mungalov, D.D., Verpoest, I., Fatigue behaviour of non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave and multi-layer plain weave E-glass reinforced composites,
Uniaxial Tensile Stress-Strain Response on the 3D Angle Interlock Woven Fabric Composite
International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 2019
An experimental study have been performed to investigate the uniaxial tensile stress-strain response on the 3D angle interlock (3DAI) woven fabric composite. The tensile analysis were examined based on different woven fabric set-up parameter of draw-in plan ; pointed (DRW 1), broken (DRW 2), broken mirror (DRW 3), and straight (DRW 4). Meanwhile, the woven fabric composite were produced based on 22 and 25 pick.cm-1 of weft densities. The outcomes produced shown that woven composite sample with 25 pick.cm-1 on DRW 4 projected the highest stress response, 113 MPa. Extensive review indicated that DRW 1 and 4 gave better tensile stress-strain response than the other counterpart.
Bending, compression, and shear behavior of woven glass ®ber±epoxy composites
The mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of through-the-thickness stitched plain weave glass fabric±epoxy composites were studied. Unstitched plain weave and biaxial non-crimp fabrics were used for comparison. Composite panels were fabricated using Resin Transfer Molding. Z-directional stitching increased the delamination resistance and lowered the bending strength of the composites. Composites made from through-the-thickness stitched fabrics demonstrated improved compression after impact behavior as compared to the unstitched fabrics. The results presented in this investigation should be useful in tailoring textile composites to achieve speci®c property goals. q
Influence of Textile Architecture on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Carbon Composites
Influence of Textile Architecture on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Carbon Composites, 2019
The application of 3D woven composites in advanced structural components is limited by a lack of understanding of the influence of weaving parameters on the final architecture and mechanical properties of composites. This paper investigates the effect of fundamental and easily adjustable weave parameters (pick density and float length) on the mechanical properties (tension, compression and flexure) in 3D woven warp interlock layer-to-layer carbon/epoxy composite structures. The purpose of this paper is to establish a link between the textile and composite performance within this 3D weave architecture. The 3D fabrics, manufactured using a Jacquard loom, are fabricated in three different pick densities: 4, 10 & 16 wefts/cm, with a constant end density of 12 warps/cm from T700S-50C-12k carbon fibre. The pick density with the best mechanical properties is then used for the float length change iteration. The aim is to keep end and pick densities constant in the two float length variation specimens. The mechanical properties of the specimens are affected by the fibre content, tow waviness, misalignment of the load carrying tows and the distribution/size of resin rich areas. This paper depicts a link between the pick density/float length, mechanical properties and failure mechanisms in 3D woven layer-to-layer carbon/epoxy composites.