Climate Change Influences the Interactive Effects of Simultaneous Impact of Abiotic and Biotic Stresses on Plants (original) (raw)
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Abiotic Stress Effects on Plants under Climate Change
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
Abiotic stress is a stress that occurs as a result of damage done to plants by non-living and often tangible factors such as intense sunlight, wind etc. This naturally occurring stress is most detrimental to plant health when it influences the environment beyond its normal range of variation. Since abiotic stresses originate from surrounding environment therefore, these are more harmful for plants than animals as plants are dependent on environmental factors. Research has also shown that abiotic stressors are at their most harmful when they occur together, in combinations of abiotic stress factors. Extended exposure to extreme temperatures, high salinity, etc results in certain physiological and biochemical changes in plants that adversely affect the growth and productivity of crops worldwide. Plant biodiversity is determined by many things, and one of them is abiotic stress. If an environment is highly stressful, biodiversity tends to be low. If abiotic stress does not have a strong presence in an area, the biodiversity will be much higher. This means that species are more likely to become plants population threatened, endangered, and even extinct, when and where abiotic stress is especially harsh. Thus, abiotic stress leads to altered metabolism and damage to bio-molecules and is responsible for reduced yield in several major crops. In this review, we summarize recent progress on systematic analysis of plant responses to abiotic stress. Abiotic stresses are serious threats to agriculture and the environment which have been exacerbated in the current century by global warming and industrialization.
Plant responses to climate change: metabolic changes under combined abiotic stresses
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2022
Climate change is predicted to increase the frequency and intensity of abiotic stress combinations that negatively impact plants and pose a serious threat to crop yield and food supply. Plants respond to episodes of stress combination by activating specific physiological and molecular responses, as well as by adjusting different metabolic pathways, to mitigate the negative effects of the stress combination on plant growth, development, and reproduction. Plants synthesize a wide range of metabolites that regulate many aspects of plant growth and development, as well as plant responses to stress. Although metabolic responses to individual abiotic stresses have been studied extensively in different plant species, recent efforts have been directed at understanding metabolic responses that occur when different abiotic factors are combined. In this review we examine recent studies of metabolomic changes under stress combination in different plants and suggest new avenues for the developme...
Plant-pathogen interaction in the presence of abiotic stress: What do we know about plant responses?
Plant Physiology Reports, 2019
Climate change has led to an increased number of abiotic and biotic stresses, and the plants experience these stresses simultaneously. Abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and salinity greatly influence plant-pathogen interaction when co-occurring with the biotic stressors. Recent studies have shown that combined stresses induce unique physiological and molecular responses, which involve rewiring of the hormonal pathways, accumulation of various metabolites and induction or suppression of immunity genes in plants. The net impact of the interaction, which depends on a multitude of factors, thus, modulates the effect of biotic stressors on plants by either increasing or decreasing plants susceptibility towards them. The present review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the biotic and abiotic stress interactions in plants. We have discussed the role of drought, salt, and heat stress in influencing pathogen infection in plants in brief. Plants responses to the three types of combined stresses are compared to decipher the common and unique plant responses to these stresses.
Climate Change and Plant Abiotic Stress Tolerance
2013
Global climate change is currently viewed as the most devastating threat to the environment, and is now gaining considerable attention from farmers, researchers, and policy makers because of its major influence on agriculture. The situation is becoming more serious due to gradual increases in the complex nature of the environment, and due to the unpredictability of environmental conditions and global climate change. One of the most acute environmental stresses presently affecting agriculture is drought, which has pronounced adverse effects on the growth and development of crop plants. The effects of drought stress are expected to increase further with increases in climate change and a growing water crisis. Drought stress usually leads to reductions in crop yield, which can result from many drought-induced morphological, physiological, and metabolic changes that occur in plants. A key sign of drought stress at the molecular level is the accelerated production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ), superoxide (O 2 À ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and hydroxyl radicals (OH ). The excess production of ROS is common in many abiotic stresses, including drought stress, and results from impaired electron transport processes in the chloroplasts and mitochondria. One of the major causes of ROS production under drought stress is photorespiration, which accounts for more than 70% of the total H 2 O 2 produced. Plants have endogenous mechanisms for adapting to ROS production and are thought to respond to drought stress by strengthening these defense mechanisms. Therefore, enhancement of the functions of the naturally occurring antioxidant components (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) may be one strategy for reducing or preventing oxidative damage and improving the drought resistance of plants. In this chapter, we review the most recent reports on drought-induced responses in plants, focusing on the role of oxidative stress as well as on other possible mechanisms and examining how different components of the antioxidant defense system may confer tolerance to drought-induced oxidative stress. 209
The Effect of Climate Change on Abiotic Plant Stress: A Review
Abiotic and Biotic Stress in Plants [Working Title]
The increase in the carbon-dioxide (CO 2) present in the atmosphere as a result of human activities affects the ambient temperature, and rainfall pattern in terms of season, duration, intensity of sunshine, increased drought periods, waterlogging, and increased evapotranspiration. This influence negatively the development, yield and quality of the plants grown under this condition. The quests to produce stress tolerant/resistant plants and increase crop productivity have led to the study of plant stresses, their response to different stress type and stress management procedures in plants. This chapter has discussed in details the different abiotic stressors in plants and how they are being influenced by climate change, the response of these plants to different abiotic stresses or a combination of stresses, and abiotic stress management.
Heat Stress and Plant-Biotic Interactions: Advances and Perspectives
Plants, 2024
Climate change presents numerous challenges for agriculture, including frequent events of plant abiotic stresses such as elevated temperatures that lead to heat stress (HS). As the primary driving factor of climate change, HS threatens global food security and biodiversity. In recent years, HS events have negatively impacted plant physiology, reducing plant’s ability to maintain disease resistance and resulting in lower crop yields. Plants must adapt their priorities toward defense mechanisms to tolerate stress in challenging environments. Furthermore, selective breeding and long-term domestication for higher yields have made crop varieties vulnerable to multiple stressors, making them more susceptible to frequent HS events. Studies on climate change predict that concurrent HS and biotic stresses will become more frequent and severe in the future, potentially occurring simultaneously or sequentially. While most studies have focused on singular stress effects on plant systems to examine how plants respond to specific stresses, the simultaneous occurrence of HS and biotic stresses pose a growing threat to agricultural productivity. Few studies have explored the interactions between HS and plant–biotic interactions. Here, we aim to shed light on the physiological and molecular effects of HS and biotic factor interactions (bacteria, fungi, oomycetes, nematodes, insect pests, pollinators, weedy species, and parasitic plants), as well as their combined impact on crop growth and yields. We also examine recent advances in designing and developing various strategies to address multi-stress scenarios related to HS and biotic factors.
The Microbially Extended Phenotype of Plants, a Keystone against Abiotic Stress
The eurobiotech journal, 2022
Background: Background: Climate change affects every region across the globe with heterogeneous effects on local temperatures and precipitation patterns. In plants, sessile organisms, climate change imposes more drastic effects leading to loss of yield or even death. However, plants establish mutualistic interactions with microorganisms that boost plant tolerance against abiotic stresses or strengthen the plant immune system against pathogens, thus, enhancing their survival and fitness. Moreover, in the wild, microbial endophytes provide important ecosystem services. Purpose and scope: Purpose and scope: Little we know about the mechanisms of response against the adverse effects of climate change on natural populations of wild plants and even less about the potential role played by microbial biostimulants. In this article, we review the effects of biostimulants on plant responses against abiotic stresses, with a particular focus on the role of mycorrhizas and leaf endophytes. Results: Results: We have reviewed the effects of the main abiotic stresses in plants, the mechanisms that plants use to face these abiotic challenges, and the interaction plant-biostimulant-abiotic stress, highlighting the primary responses and parameters to evaluate different plant responses. Conclusion: Conclusion: Abiotic stresses can check the phenotypic plasticity of plants and also trigger a complex and heterogeneous array of responses to face different abiotic stresses, and beneficial microorganisms do play an essential role in enhancing such responses. Our laboratory has initiated a project to characterise microbial populations associated with plants from wild areas and analyse their potential role in aiding the plants to cope with abiotic stresses.
IntechOpen eBooks, 2023
Plants form the fundamental trophic level of almost all the food chains, and as such are the most significant biotic component of our ecosystems. However, there is a rising threat on the growth and well-being of these organisms due to variations in climatic conditions. Climate change conditions pose threat to plants by exposing them to various abiotic stresses, such as salinity, drought and UV-B radiation, eventually leading to oxidative stress in plant cells. Plants can put up their defence against such stressors using a number of strategies namely, adaptation, avoidance and tolerance. The action of antioxidant molecules and enzymes play a pivotal role in fighting the oxidative stress and its key player, reactive oxygen species (ROS). Plants can also develop an epigenetic memory of the stress, by modulating the expression of genes involved in stress tolerance via the epigenetic code. With the rise in environmental challenges due to climate change in recent times, it is also important to underline the helpful role played by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in building more stress-resilient plants, and the diverse array of plant genera with which these PGPR can associate.