Are “daddy’s boys” just as rich as daddy? The transmission of values between generations (original) (raw)
Related papers
The Correlation of Wealth across Generations
Journal of Political Economy, 2003
This paper examines the similarity in wealth between parents and their children, and explores alternative explanations for this relationship. We find that the age-adjusted elasticity of child wealth with respect to parental wealth is 0.37, before the transfer of bequests. Lifetime income and ownership of particular assets, both of which exhibit strong intergeneration similarity, jointly explain nearly two-thirds of the wealth elasticity. Education, past parental transfers, and expected future bequests account for little of the remaining elasticity. Using new experimental evidence, we assess the importance of risk tolerance. The risk tolerance measures vary as theory would predict with the ownership of risky assets, and are highly correlated between parents and children. However, they explain little of the intergenerational correlation in the propensity to own different assets, suggesting that children's savings propensities are determined by mimicking their parents' behavior, or the inheritance of preferences not related to risk tolerance. Additionally, these risk tolerance measures explain only a small part of the remaining intergenerational wealth elasticity. .
Inter-generational transfers and precautionary saving
2016
This paper examines the effects of inter-generational altruism on late-in-life wealth accumulation. We designed and fielded a new survey to better measure transfers from parents to descendants as part of the Vanguard Research Initiative. New survey features include a carefully designed family inventory, a break-down of transfers into four categories, and a path of past and future expected transfers three years before and after. We also asked Strategic Survey Questions (SSQs) to identify preference parameters related to the desire to insure family risks via transfers. We use these new transfer measurements and SSQs to study the dynamics of parent-to-child giving by estimating a life-cycle consumption-savings model. Agents in our model save for consumption smoothing, uncertain medical and long-term care needs, inter-vivos transfers to cover uncertain family needs, and bequests. We find that there is a large and uncertain family need risk, and parents save in order to help when their d...
Parental Investment and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Preferences and Attitudes
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
Parental Investment and the Intergenerational Transmission of Economic Preferences and Attitudes We study empirically whether there is scope for parents to shape the economic preferences and attitudes of their children through purposeful investments. We exploit information on the risk and trust attitudes of parents and their children, as well as rich information about parental efforts in the upbringing of their children from the German SocioEconomic Panel Study. Our results show that parents who invest more in the upbringing of their children are more similar to them with respect to risk and trust attitudes and thus transmit their own attitudes more strongly. The results are robust to including variables on the relationship between children and parents, family size, and the parents' socioeconomic background.
Intergenerational Transfers and Savings
Journal of Economic Perspectives, 1988
What is the main explanation for savings? Is it primarily accumulation for retirement as claimed by Albert Ando, Richard Brumberg, and Franco Modigliani in their celebrated Life Cycle Model of Savings? Is it primarily intentional accumulation for intergenerational transfers? Or is it primarily precautionary savings, much of which may be bequeathed because of imperfections in annuity markets? The answer to the savings puzzle has many policy implications and is key to understanding the distribution of wealth. A major piece of the puzzle is the quantitative importance of intergenerational transfers to the accumulation of wealth. As I will argue there is strong evidence that intergenerational transfers play a very important and perhaps dominant role in U.S. wealth accumulation. This does not mean, however, that intentional saving for gifts and bequests is the main motive for savings. Significant intergenerational transfers could also arise in the Life Cycle Model in the absence of well-...
Social Science Research, 2012
The role played by parental wealth in facilitating the life chances and living standards of offspring is a topic of growing interest in stratification research. The addition of household wealth to the parental resource portfolio opens new issues with respect to mechanisms in the transmission of advantage across generations, since wealth transfers can take place at different points along the life course, in varying amounts, and for different purposes. This paper examines the impact of parental wealth and transfers of wealth on several aspects of the homeownership decision--the timing of the purchase, the cost of the home, and the downpayment proportion, as well as living standards subsequent to the purchase. We utilize a unique data set from France which contains information on parental wealth and wealth transfers from both sets of parents of a couple, as well as details on the timing of transfers in relation to a home purchase. The results make clear the complex pathways by which parental wealth influences the tenancy arrangements and living standards of offspring.
An Economic Perspective on the Intergenerational Transmission of Wealth Inequality
Science Insights, 2021
Intergenerational transmission of wealth is a long-standing component of society. With the current accelerated economic development, the forms of wealth transmission and the ways in which it affects individuals' lives have gradually become more complicated. In this article, we explore the economic performance and basic flow patterns of intergenerational transmission. We first discuss the key factors of personal and family wealth accumulation. We then consider how social performance affects the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission and the macro-channels of the current transmission mode. Finally, while intergenerational transmission is widespread in society, its importance has not attracted widespread attention from socioeconomic researchers and this paper makes suggestions for further study of the phenomena. Our main conclusion is that in current society, intergenerational transmission both directly and indirectly influences the lives of members of society in multiple ways, such as through income, employment and education. If a basic understanding of the phenomenon of intergenerational transmission can be established, it will assist people in making relevant decisions more scientifically and allow them to have a fairer life experience.
The Intergenerational Correlation of Consumption Expenditures
American Economic Review, 2014
Using data recently collected by the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that the intergenerational correlation in expenditures is no larger than that in income, suggesting limited intra-family risk-sharing. On the other hand, even after controlling for the intergenerational correlation in income, the expenditures correlation remains significant. This suggests that other factors such as preferences, access to credit, and non-pecuniary inter vivos transfers potentially played a role in consumption smoothing across generations within a family. We also find that the correlation coefficients estimated using food and imputed total expenditures are smaller than that estimated using the measured total expenditures.
Intergenerational transmission of preferences for redistribution
We explore whether preferences for redistributive policies are transmitted from parents to children and study the empirical relevance of three modulators suggested by theoretical models: family income mobility, personality traits of parents, and the abilities of their children. We draw on a novel and rich dataset, the Longitudinal Study of Well-being in Uruguay, which contains information on parents' preferences for redistribution in the years 2011/12 and 2015/16 and their children's preferences in the year 2015/16. Firstly, we find that, on average, the intergenerational persistence of redistributive preferences is relatively high. Secondly, there is heterogeneity in the intergenerational transmission process associated with parents' learning. Finally, the intergenerational transmission of preferences is more relevant when intergenerational mobility is lower, parents have greater self-control, and children present higher abilities. JEL Code: D31, D64, H23
Economica, 2018
This paper analyses long‐term trends in intergenerational earnings persistence in France for male cohorts born between 1931 and 1975. This time period has witnessed important changes in the French labour market and educational system, in particular an important compression of earnings differentials as well as a large expansion in access to secondary and higher education. Using a two‐sample instrumental variables approach, I estimate two measures of intergenerational economic persistence: the intergenerational earnings elasticity (IGE) and the intergenerational correlation (IGC). Over the period, the IGE exhibits a V‐shaped pattern. It falls from a high of value of 0.6 for cohorts born in the 1930s to around 0.4 for those born in the 1950s, but subsequently rises to a level close to that at the beginning of the period. In contrast, the IGC remains relatively stable over the period. This suggests that changes in the IGE are partly driven by transitory responses to changes in cross‐sec...
Rich Dad, Smart Dad: Decomposing the Intergenerational Transmission of Income
Journal of Political Economy, 2012
We construct a simple model, consistent with , that decomposes the intergenerational income elasticity into the causal effect of financial resources, the mechanistic transmission of human capital, and the role that human capital plays in the determination of father's permanent income. We show how a particular set of instrumental variables could separately identify the money and human capital transmission effects. We further outline two instrumental variables methods for bounding the structural parameters of our model in the presence of imperfect instruments. Using data from a thirty-five percent sample of Swedish sons and their fathers, we show that only a minority of the intergenerational income elasticity can be plausibly attributed to the causal effect of fathers' financial resources.