Schisandra rubriflora Fruit and Leaves as Promising New Materials of High Biological Potential: Lignan Profiling and Effect-Directed Analysis (original) (raw)
Related papers
Phytochemistry Reviews, 2018
Schisandra chinensis (Chinese magnolia vine) is the best-known representative of the genus Schisandra, widely used in the official East-Asian, North American and European medicine. The article recalls the healing value of this species and, above all, presents the current state of knowledge on the chemical composition and biological activity of three other species of the Schisandra genus: Schisandra sphenanthera, Schisandra henryi and Schisandra rubriflora. In addition to dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans (the so-called 'Schisandra chinensis lignans'), they also contain other groups of lignans (e.g. 4aryltetralin, aryltetralone, tetrahydrofuran and butane-type lignans) as the main compounds responsible for biological activity. The lignans are accompanied by other groups of compounds, including triterpenoids and nortriterpenoids. A review of biological studies, e.g. of empirically confirmed hepatoprotective, cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 activities, proves that these species have a high therapeutic potential and may constitute a new East-Asian proposition for European medicine. The article also draws attention to the possibility of using the biosynthetic potential of the biomass from in vitro cultures of the described species and biotechnological solutions as an alternative to plant raw materials.
Analysis of Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera
Journal of Chromatography A, 2009
Wuweizi (Fructus Schisandrae) is classified in traditional Chinese medicine as a superior drug, and has been used for thousands of years. Modern pharmacological research has demonstrated that most of the biological actions and pharmacological effects of Wuweizi can be attributed to its lignan constituents, particularly the dibenzocyclooctadiene-type lignans, which can lower the serum glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) level, inhibit platelet aggregation, and show antioxidative, calcium antagonism, antitumor-promoting, and anti-HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) effects. The dried ripe fruits of both Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera have long been used as Wuweizi, although their chemical constituents and contents of the bioactive components are quite different. Since 2000, they have been accepted as two different crude drugs, Bei-Wuweizi and Nan-Wuweizi, respectively, by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In order to provide a useful reference for good quality control of Wuweizi, many studies on the chemical constituents, pharmacological effects, identification and quality control methods of the two drugs have been reported in the literature and are summarized herein. Particular attention was given to the different methodologies developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major bioactive lignans. In our opinion, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is the most simple and convenient method for identification of these two crude drugs, and high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) is the preferred method for quantitative analysis based on the bioactive lignans. Some newly developed methods, particularly hyphenated chromatographic-analytical techniques, are effective in determination of the lignans that occur in low content and those difficult to be fully separated with HPLC.
Journal of Natural Products, 2006
Phytochemical investigation of the fruits of Schisandra chinensis led to the isolation of 13 lignans including schisandrene (13), a new lignan based on a dibenzocyclooctadiene backbone with an exocyclic double bond. Its structure and absolute configuration were established using NMR, MS, and CD data. Antioxidant activity of the lignans was evaluated using a DCFH-DA cellular-based assay. The structure-activity relationships of the dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans showed that the exocyclic methylene functionality was essential for antioxidant activity, with the benzoyloxy group probably enhancing such effects.
New and bioactive lignans from the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera
Food Chemistry, 2011
Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract from the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera has resulted in isolation of seven new oxygenated lignans (1-7), in addition to 11 known compounds (8-18). Their structures were determined on the basis of 2D-NMR (COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY) analyses. The isolated components were evaluated with a reporter gene assay that measures their anti-liver fibrosis activity. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 11, 13, 14 and 18 exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity on HSC-T6 test.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of lignans isolated from Schizandra chinensis
Archives of Pharmacal Research, 2007
The hexane extract of the fruit ofSchizandra chinensis (Schisandraceae) was found to show significant inhibition of the activity of acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE). In further studies, fourteen lignans were isolated, and evaluated for their inhibitory effect on AChE. The compounds having both aromatic methylenedioxy and hydroxyl groups on their cyclooctadiene ring, such as gomisin C (6), gomisin G. (7), gomisin D (8), schisandrol B (11) and gomisin A (13), entirely inhibited AChE in dose dependent manners, with IC50 values of 6.71 ± 0.53, 6.55 ± 0.31, 7.84 ± 0.62, 12.57 ± 1.07 and 13.28 ± 1.68 ¼M, respectively. These results indicate that the lignans could potentially be a potent class of AChE inhibitors.
Molecules, 2010
The in vitro antiradical activity of Schisandra chinensis lignans was investigated using DPPH, ABTS + , Fenton reaction inhibition and tyrosine-nitration inhibition assays, as were the in vivo antidiabetic activities of selected lignans in an animal model of alloxaninduced diabetes. Different degrees of antiradical activity were found, depending upon the structural parameters of the tested compounds. Unfortunately, the compounds showed no antidiabetic activity in concentration range tested.
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry, 2016
Considerable interest has been shown in natural sources and their compounds in developing new therapeutically agents for different diseases. In this framework, investigations performed on this topic play a central role for human health and drug development process. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill is a medicinal and edible plant showing highly advantageous bioactivity and nutritional value. The main bioactive compounds from its fruits are lignans, derivatives of dibenzocyclooctadiene whereas concerning its leaves, phenolic acids, and flavonoids are dominant. The purpose of this study was to investigate the enzyme inhibitory potential on selected carbohydrate hydrolases, cholinesterases, and tyrosinase of extracts from fruits and leaves of Schisandra in relation with their main bioactive compounds. Furthermore, the interactions between dominant compounds (schisandrol A, schisandrol B, schisandrin B, and cinnamic acid) from extracts and selected enzymes were investigated by molecular modeling and molecular dynamic studies in order to explain at a molecular level our findings.
Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality, 2021
As a part of the ongoing interest in the nutritional and antioxidative properties of a little-known East Asian plant species, the aim of the study was to determine the contents of macronutrients and selected elements, profiles of fatty and amino acids, the content of phenolic compounds, β-carotene, vitamin A and E, and antioxidant activity of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. edible leaves. Schisandra chinensis leaves contained a small amount of lipids-4.36 % and 12.38 % of proteins. Sugars (fructose, maltose, sucrose, and lactose) were detected only in trace amounts (<0.5 g/kg). The β-carotene content was 17.70 mg/kg. The fatty acid profile of leaves was represented by palmitic C16:0 (44.6 g/100 g of oil), linoleic C18:2 9c12c (17.9 g/100 g of oil), and α-linolenic C18:3 (9c12c15c 10.6 g/100 g of oil) acids. Nine out of 18 amino acids detected in leaves were essential amino acids (68.80 g/kg of dry matter leaves). Glutamic acid was found to be the major component of non-essential amino acids (25 g/kg of dry matter), followed by aspartic acid (16.2 g/kg of dry matter) and leucine (14.2 g/kg of dry matter). The element composition of leaves demonstrated the presence of: macroelements (K, P, S, Ca, Mg, Na), microelements (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn, Cr, Se), and metals (Al, As, Cd, Ni, Hg, Pb). Potassium was the most abundant element in Schisandra chinensis leaves (10209 mg/kg of dry matter of leaves), followed by Ca, P, and Mg. The spectrophotometric assays enabled detecting phenolic compounds from three categories: polyphenols (44.32 mg galic acid equivalents/g of dry matter of leaves), total flavonoids (29.16 mg quercetin equivalents/g of dry matter of leaves) and phenolic acids (6.12 mg caffeic acid equivalents/g of dry matter of leaves) in Schisandra chinensis leaves. The antioxidant activity of S. chinensis leaves, as determined