Power System Resilience: Current Practices, Challenges, and Future Directions (original) (raw)
Related papers
IEEE Access
The electric power system plays an integral part in the well-being of the modern society. Because of climate change, the ageing power system infrastructure is under threat due to the ever-increasing intensity and frequency of high-impact, low-probability (HILP) events. Although, in most cases, these events are area-specific, the impact of such events, if unaddressed, can lead to cascading failures. Therefore, it is vital for the grid of tomorrow to not only be reliable but also be resilient in view of the broad inter-dependencies. Despite being a widely researched topic, the applicability of the concept of resilience, especially in power systems terms, is not a straightforward task due to the lack of consensus on a consistent definition, or a set of robust metrics. This paper starts with an analysis of different definitions, frameworks, and metrics related to resilience proposed by multiple researchers and research organizations which is then followed by determination of the damage cost and risk associated with an extreme event which is pivotal in resilience enhancement decisions. We then present two case studies: 1) for determining the customer damage cost that underpins the increase in customer cost as a result of major event, 2) for estimating the risk index of the network that helps support resilience-oriented decision making. We also summarize some of the guidelines and standard practices followed by electric utility companies concerning extreme weather events in terms of preparedness and recovery actions, resilience improvement plans, etc. Moreover, to ascertain the improvement in the grid resilience indices, as a result of resilience enhancement application, a case study (Case Study 3) that evaluates three resilience improvement techniques is presented. INDEX TERMS High-impact, low-probability (HILP) events, power system reliability and resilience, customer damage cost, risk index, electric utility response.
Methods for Analysis and Quantification of Power System Resilience
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems
This paper summarizes the report prepared by an IEEE PES Task Force. Resilience is a fairly new technical concept for power systems, and it is important to precisely delineate this concept for actual applications. As a critical infrastructure, power systems have to be prepared to survive rare but extreme incidents (natural catastrophes, extreme weather events, physical/cyber-attacks, equipment failure cascades, etc.) to guarantee power supply to the electricity-dependent economy and society. Thus, resilience needs to be integrated into planning and operational assessment to design and operate adequately resilient power systems. Quantification of resilience as a key performance indicator is important, together with costs and reliability. Quantification can analyze existing power systems and identify resilience improvements in future power systems. Given that a 100% resilient system is not economic (or even technically achievable), the degree of resilience should be transparent and comprehensible. Several gaps are identified to indicate further needs for research and development.
2020
The frequency of disruptive and newly emerging threats (e.g. man-made attacks—cyber and physical attacks; extreme natural events—hurricanes, earthquakes, and floods) has escalated in the last decade. Impacts of these events are very severe ranging from long power outage duration, major power system equipment (e.g. power generation plants, transmission and distribution lines, and substation) destruction, and complete blackout. Accurate modeling of these events is vital as they serve as mathematical tools for the assessment and evaluation of various operations and planning investment strategies to harden power systems against these events. This paper provides a comprehensive and critical review of current practices in modeling of extreme events, system components, and system response for resilience evaluation and enhancement, which is a important stepping stone toward the development of complete, accurate, and computationally attractive modeling techniques. The paper starts with revie...
Research on Resilience of Power Systems Under Natural Disasters—A Review
IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2015
Natural disasters can cause large blackouts. Research into natural disaster impacts on electric power systems is emerging to understand the causes of the blackouts, explore ways to prepare and harden the grid, and increase the resilience of the power grid under such events. At the same time, new technologies such as smart grid, micro grid, and wide area monitoring applications could increase situational awareness as well as enable faster restoration of the system. This paper aims to consolidate and review the progress of the research field towards methods and tools of forecasting natural disaster related power system disturbances, hardening and pre-storm operations, and restoration models. Challenges and future research opportunities are also presented in the paper.
Quantification of the Benefits for Power System of Resilience Boosting Measures
Applied Sciences
Severe natural events leading to wide and intense impacts on power systems are becoming more and more frequent due to climate changes. Operators are urged to set up plans to assess the possible consequences of such events, in view of counteracting them. To this aim, the application of the resilience concept can be beneficial. The paper describes a methodology for power system resilience assessment and enhancement, aimed at quantifying both system resilience indicators evaluated for severe threats, and the benefits to resilience brought by operational and grid hardening measures. The capabilities of the methodology are demonstrated on real study cases.
IEEE Access, 2023
The requirement for a sustained supply of electricity intensifies during and in the aftermath of extreme events. In the past, events were considered extreme based on their extensive and devasting impacts and also because they were rare. However, recent studies report an increase in the frequency, intensity, and duration of weather-related power outages. Several studies have proposed approaches for evaluating and enhancing power system resilience. The generic approach entails characterizing weather threats, assessing the system components’ vulnerabilities, analyzing system response, evaluating baseline resilience, and assessing the effectiveness of resilience enhancement measures. This study is a review of the different assumptions and models employed in this multiphase analysis process. To demonstrate its utility, a brief use case has been provided to ascertain Great Britain’s transmission network’s resilience against a lightning strike. The findings demonstrate that network outturn during a threat can severely be influenced by internal systemic maloperations rather than the event’s intensity. This challenges the pervasive view of resilience assessment which mainly focuses on exogenous threats. Moreover, the study highlights threat characterization and vulnerability assessment phases as the main sources of uncertainties that can be moderated through the capture of relevant data aimed at developing holistic empirical fragility functions.
Review of Recent Trends in Power System Resilience-Oriented Decision-Making Methods
2022 IEEE Power & Energy Society General Meeting (PESGM)
The recent blackouts affecting electrical grids worldwide have made power system resilience analysis one of the most relevant research topics to address in the modern power engineering literature. The main scope of this complex analysis is to assess and mitigate the grid effects of High-Impact Low-Probability events, which are typically neglected by conventional operation methods. In this context, the most challenging research directions are oriented toward the conceptualization of new methods for modeling the potential threats, predicting their impacts, and designing proper preventive and corrective actions aimed at mitigating the impacts of these threats. All these methods can be integrated into resilience-oriented decision-making tools, which represent one of the most promising emerging technology for enhancing the grid resilience against severe perturbation events. To assess the potential roles of these new methods in modern power systems, this paper presents a comprehensive review of the most relevant literature, including a detailed analysis of the threat modeling techniques, the components vulnerability models, the scenario generation methods, and the optimization frameworks enhancing resilience-oriented decision-making tools.
Toward Developing Metrics for Power System Resilience
This paper will define resilience metrics and demonstrate their application on a sample set of end-use customers and distribution circuits. This set of metrics will be juxtaposed with those in common use for reliability and contextually situated within the grid modernization space. The initial presumption for the resilience metrics presented in this paper define a perfectly resilient system as one that can provide power 100% of the time throughout various scenarios. The metrics derived can be used to evaluate the capabilities of both existing and proposed infrastructure relative to the perfectly resilient system.
International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2020
Disastrous and hazardous events (eg, natural disasters and cyber-physical attacks) have significantly increased in power systems, which drastically affect their performance. Different research works have been recently introduced in the literature, aiming at thoroughly evaluating power system resilience against various types of disastrous and hazardous events. In this article, a review of these research works is presented. Moreover, the main differences between the concept of resiliency and the concepts of accessibility, durability, flexibility, hardening, maintainability, reliability, stability, survivability, sustainability, and vulnerability are described. Additionally, various resiliency indices are presented, and different techniques to increase power system resilience against disastrous and hazardous events are reviewed. Furthermore, uncertainty handling approaches used in the literature to analyze power system resiliency are discussed. Some concluding remarks are also presented.