Guidance Manual: Water Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (original) (raw)

Drinking water treatment in The Netherlands: outstanding and still ambitious

Water treatment in The Netherlands has developed to an outstanding level. Nevertheless, new challenges, such as protozoa (e.g. Cryptosporidium), Legionella, endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceuticals, have to be faced. These challenges can have a negative effect on customer confidence and the overall reputation of water supply. The Dutch water supply companies therefore have set a new ambition for water quality. To realize this ambition an integral approach to water treatment involving new technologies as membrane filtration and UV is necessary. The paper will present the possibilities of the current level of technology, how it relates to the vision and ambition of the Dutch drinking water sector and the role of research -especially in UV technology and membrane filtration -in realizing long-term goals.

2006 PAPER-Quality Control of Drinking Water and Public Health

The 60/2000/EU (WFD) and 98/83/EEU directives imposed rules and instructions for continuous monitoring and control the quality of drinking water. In the present study three representative areas, lowland (LL), mountainous (M) and coastal (C), have been selected for the collection of water samples, in the Prefectures of Larissa, Karditsa and Magnissia, central Greece. Physical: (electric conductivity (EC, μS/cm), pH, total hardness (TH, mg/L CaCO 3 )), chemical (mg/L): (nitrate (NO 3 -), nitrite (NO 2 -), potassium (K + ), sodium (Na + ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), calcium (Ca +2 ) and magnesium (Mg +2 )) and microbiological: (total coliforms, E. Coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas Aeroginosa and Salmonella) parameters have been determined and analyzed for the period 2004-05. The mean values of the studied physical and chemical parameters were found to be within the limits mentioned in the 98/83/EEC Directive. From the microbiological study can be concluded that the water was inapropriate for human consumption in many cases because of the presence of microbes. From the analysis of results (Student's t-test; P<0.05 and Mann-Whitney test; P<0.05), it reveals that there are significant differences on the water quality among the studied areas.

Quality Control of Drinking Water and Public Health

The 60/2000/EU (WFD) and 98/83/EEU directives imposed rules and instructions for continuous monitoring and control the quality of drinking water. In the present study three representative areas, lowland (LL), mountainous (M) and coastal (C), have been selected for the collection of water samples, in the Prefectures of Larissa, Karditsa and Magnissia, central Greece. Physical: (electric conductivity (EC, μS/cm), pH, total hardness (TH, mg/L CaCO 3 )), chemical (mg/L): (nitrate (NO 3 -), nitrite (NO 2 -), potassium (K + ), sodium (Na + ), ammonium (NH 4 + ), calcium (Ca +2 ) and magnesium (Mg +2 )) and microbiological: (total coliforms, E. Coli, Enterococci, Pseudomonas Aeroginosa and Salmonella) parameters have been determined and analyzed for the period 2004-05. The mean values of the studied physical and chemical parameters were found to be within the limits mentioned in the 98/83/EEC Directive. From the microbiological study can be concluded that the water was inapropriate for human consumption in many cases because of the presence of microbes. From the analysis of results (Student's t-test; P<0.05 and Mann-Whitney test; P<0.05), it reveals that there are significant differences on the water quality among the studied areas.