Theilerial infection in young bovine calves in Odisha, India (original) (raw)
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IZES, 2021
Objective: To study the prevalence of theileriosis in cattle in Udaipur, Rajasthan. Material and Method: The animals were screened for Theileriosis from May 2019 to April 2020 in the Udaipur region irrespective of age, sex and breed. Animals showing clinical manifestations were screened and subjected to blood smear examination. Result: A total of 836 blood samples were collected from cattle. The overall prevalence of theileriosis was 67.22% whereas the prevalence of mixed haemoprotozoan infection was 18.54%, and 14.23% were negative for any haemoprotozoan infection. The age-wise analysis revealed the highest prevalence in older cattle (>5years) as compared to that in younger cattle of 1-2 years. Sex-wise prevalence study revealed that females were more affected by the infection. The prevalence was higher in crossbred cattle as compared to indigenous cattle during the present study. The seasonal analysis revealed the highest prevalence in the summer season followed by rainy, spring and winter. During the study period, the highest prevalence was recorded in May and lowest prevalence in December. Conclusion: We concluded that nondescript breed and younger animals were less prone to Haemoprotozoan infection whereas vice versa for older and crossbred. Extra care and managemental practices required to avoid economic losses due to high Haemoprotozoan prevalence in summer and monsoon.
Study of occurrence of theileriosis in cattle from Parbhani district, Maharashtra, India
The Pharma Innovation Journal, 2019
The present study was carried out to study occurrence of theileriosis in dairy cattle from Parbhani district of Maharashtra. The inclusion criteria involved examining suspected cattle for theileriosis based on the clinical signs like elevated body temperature, enlargement of superficial lymph nodes, conjunctival petechiae and presence of ticks on body of animal. Confirmation of theileriosis was done by peripheral blood smear examination and lymph node biopsy by Giemsa's staining method and blood smear was taken as gold standard to study occurrence. In total 67 suspected cattle were screened during which fifteen cattle were found positive for Theileria annulata infection. Overall occurrence of theileriosis was found 22.38%, however, age-wise occurrence was higher in below 6 month of age group (33.33%) followed by 6 month to 2 year age group (25.00%) and least in above 2 year age group. Sex wise occurrence revealed 40.00% in males and 20.96% in female. Whereas, breed wise occurrence was higher in Jersey breed (28.57%) as compared to Holstein Freisian cattle and no case of theileriosis found in indigenous cattle. Month wise occurrence revealed highest occurrence was in the month of May (33.33%) followed by April (26.66%), March (20.00%) and least occurrence was observed in the month of January, February and June (6.66%).
Clinical and Morpho-Molecular epidemiology of bovine theileriosis in Kashmir, India
Total 1683 cattle were screened for Theileria infections for one calendar year. The overall incidence was 4.34%. It was highest in summer (7.57%), followed by autumn (3.51%). Cattle above 2 years of age (6.19%) particularly Holstein Friesian Cross (5.81%), followed by Jersey Cross (2.77%) were highly infected. Female (4.49%) were mostly affected as compared to male (3.14%). Affected animals showed persistent high fever, tachycardia, tachypnea and reduced ruminal motility. Other important clinical signs were emaciation, swelling of pre-scapular lymph nodes, inappetence, pale mucous membranes or congested mucous membranes, occulo-nasal discharge, corneal opacity, presence of ticks, salivation, coughing and decreased milk production. The diagnostic efficacy of PCR was highest (100%, 73/73), followed by peripheral blood smears examination (93.15%, 68/73) and lymph node biopsy (49.31%, 36/73). There is a consistent increase in the incidence of bovine theileriosis which may be due climate change and import of carrier animals from the neighbouring states.
Prevalence of theileriosis in large ruminants of Uttarakhand
The Pharma Innovation International Journal, 2021
Bovine theileriosis, an economically important disease of domesticated livestock in tropical and subtropical countries of world is caused by several Theileria sp. belonging to the Phylum Apicomplexa. In the present study, blood samples of large ruminants suspected for theilerioisis infection were received from different veterinary hospitals from July, 2019 to June, 2021. They were microscopically examined using Giemsa stain. The blood samples were recorded on the basis of season, breed, age and sex. A total of 1006 blood samples were collected, out of which 20.77% samples were found infected with theileriosis. Cattle (24.13%) were found more prone to theileriosis infection than buffalo (10.71%). The season wise analysis revealed highest prevalence in summer season (29.07%) followed by rainy (16.44%) and winter (4.34%). The age wise prevalence was found highest in adult (25.62%) followed by heifers (22.14%) and <1 years (8.38%) of age. The study revealed that female animals harbored more infection than males and cross bred, were found more infected than indigenous livestock. From the study, it was concluded that indigenous breed and younger animal population were less prone to infection than cross bred and older population. Additional care and managemental practices are required in livestock farming to avoid economic losses due to high theileriosis infection in summer and rainy season.
Prevalence of Bovine Tropical Theileriosis in Cattle in Quetta Balochistan-Pakistan
Iris publishers, 2021
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Bovine Tropical Theileriosis (BTT) in cattle, which is caused by the protozoan parasite Theileria annulata. Clinical symptoms such as fever, anorexia, with or without superficial lymph node enlargement, blood smear, and lymph node biopsy investigation were used to test the animals for the presence of Theileria annulata. Tropical theileriosis was discovered in 73 (24.33%) of the n=300 cattle that were examined. Females had a higher prevalence of Tropical Theileriosis 27.37% than males 19.09%. Tropical theileriosis prevalence in cattle was highest 28.33% in adult cattle older than 3 years, followed by 21.33% in the 1-to-3-year age group, and 13.33% in the 0-1 year age group. Tropical theileriosis was most common in the Holstein Friesian cross 30.53%, followed by 25.33 % in the Jersey cross, 23.33 % in the Sahiwal, and 15.71 % in the Red Sindhi.
Epidemiological and diagnostic investigation on bovine theileriosis in Aswan Governorate, Egypt
Journal of Parasitic Diseases
The present study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological and clinical status of bovine Theileriosis in the Aswan governorate. During a 2-year study, 265 cattle were clinically suspected upon careful clinical examination as Theileria annulata (T. annulata) infected animals. Conventional diagnosis based on blood and lymph smears examinations showed that the prevalence of Tropical Theileriosis in cattle in the Aswan governorate was 56 (21.13%). Stained blood smears showed the presence of macro and/or micro-schizonts inside lymphocyte (Koch’s blue bodies. Intraerythrocytic stages of Theileria annulata piroplasms inside RBCs. Polymerase chain reactions of T. annulata merozoite-piroplasms surface antigen Targeting gene: (Tams-1), revealed positive 29 (58%) animals confirmed by visualization of specific bands at 768 bp. Positive results could be detected in suspected cattle that showed positive or negative blood smear results that confirmed the high sensitivity of the PCR technique compared with the conventional method for diagnosis of bovine tropical Theileriosis. PCR proved to be a highly sensitive and accurate method for the diagnosis of bovine tropical theileriosis, especially in the detection of samples that were negative on blood and lymph smears
Molecular investigations on outbreaks of ovine theileriosis among sheep and goats in Haryana, India
During February 2020 – October 2020, four outbreaks of theileriosis in small ruminants were recorded with overall morbidity, mortality and case fatality rates of 27.95 %, 17.46 % and 62.5 % respectively. The disease was characterized by high fever (up to 106°F), superficial lymphadenopathy, anaemia, anorexia, lethargy, respiratory distress and death. The presence of pleomorphic intra-erythrocytic piroplasms of Theileria species in Giemsa’s stained blood smears was a common finding in all the episodes. Significant haematological alterations including high total leucocyte count, and low haemoglobin and packed cell volume were characteristic. Necropsy findings of the icteric liver, enlarged spleen, pulmonary oedema and abomasal ulcerations were observed in two flocks. Theileria spp in all four episodes was detected in smear-positive cases by PCR using genus-specific 18S rRNA primers that yielded a 1098 bp product. Further Theileria species was confirmed by using specific primer sets fo...
Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2021
T ropical theileriosis is one of the most prevalent serious problem with greatest economic and mortality impact of cattle in Iraq (Aktas et al., 2004). This disease is one of tick-borne protozoal disease caused by Theileria of the suborder Piroplasmorina which its transmitted by ticks from genus Hyalomma spp (Salih et al., 2007; Aziz and AL-Barwary, 2020). This protozoan is obligatory intracellular hemoparasites, and two species invaded to cattle T. parva (causes East Coast fever) and T. annulata (causes tropical theileriosis) (Sandhu et al., 1998; Singh et al., 2001). The infection occurs due to the presence and multiplication of parasite inside WBCs and then RBCs and resulting in progressive and severe macrocytic hemolytic anemia (Radostits et al., 2000). The main clinical signs are enlargement of prescapular lymph nodes, fever, diarrhea, pale of mucous membrane, decrease of milk production, abortion in preg