Histopathological Changes in Diseased Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and Treated by Ciprofloxacin and Clove Extract (original) (raw)
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Disease episodes of fish caused by Aeromonas species are moved to the top list of limiting problems worldwide. The present study was planned to verify the in vitro antibacterial activities as well as the in vivo potential values of clove oil and ciprofloxacin against Aeromonas sobria in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). The in vitro phenotypic virulence activities and the successful amplification of aerolysin and hemolysin genes in the precisely identified A. sobria strain were predictive for its virulence. In the in vivo assay, virulence of A. sobria strain was fully demonstrated based on constituent mRNA expression profile of tested virulence genes and typical septicemia associated with high mortalities of infected fish. Apparent lower mortality rates were correlated well with both decrescent bacterial burden and significant down-regulated transcripts of representative genes in the treated groups with clove oil, followed by ciprofloxacin as a prophylactic use for 15 days (P < 0.0001); however, the essential oil apart from ciprofloxacin significantly enhanced different hematological parameters (P < 0.05). In addition, administration of antibiotic may be considered as a pronounced stress factor in the fish even when it used in the prophylactic dose. In conclusion, medicinal plants-derived essential oils provide a virtually safer alternative to chemotherapeutics on fish, consumers and ecosystems.
Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 2017
The present study was carried out to investigate the efficacy of propolis and norfloxacin against Aeromonas hydrophila in Nile catfish (Clarias garipeinus). Fish were collected from a private fish farm in Sharkia Governorate and fed commercial fish diet. Fish were divided into six groups; Group 1: non-infected non-treated, Group 2: experimentally infected with A. hydrophila and non-treated, Group 3: normal fish administered propolis in feed by dose (10g/kg BW for 10 days), Group 4: infected fish treated with therapeutic dose of norfloxacin (10mg/kg BW for 10 days), Group 5: infected fish treated with propolis and Group 6: infected fish treated with therapeutic dose of norfloxacin and propolis (with the previous dose). The results indicated that propolis and norfloxacin were effective against A. hydrophila. The hematological parameters were improved in Groups 4, 5 and 6 when compared with Group 2. The second group showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferrase (ALT), urea, creatinine and malondialdhyde activity, while the mentioned parameters were improved decreased in Groups 5 and 6. Also, our results revealed a significant increase (p<0.05) in immunological parameters in Groups 3, 5 and 6. Moreover, this study also reported the pathological lesions in gills, liver, kidneys, heart, spleen and intestine of fish infected with A. hydrophila which became milder in treated fish especially with propolis and antibiotic. The present results suggest that the administration of propolis and norfloxacin were effective against A. hydrophila without hazard effects on hematological and biochemical parameters.
Clarias batrachus (Linn) is a species of catfish of the family claridae. A survey was carried out for a period of one year from May 2008 to June 2009 to study the prevalence of bacterial ulcerative disease in C. batrachus, reared in a farm located at Walajapet, Vellore Dist., Tamil Nadu, India. To reproduce the infection in healthy catfish, organs such as liver, spleen and tissue were used to prepare the inoculum in NTE buffer. The inoculum was injected into healthy fingerlings through intramuscular injection and immersion challenge. The tissue supernatant from infected catfish was screened for isolation and identification of the causative organism responsible for ulcerative syndrome in catfish. Based on biological, biochemical, morphological and physiological characters the isolate isolated from infected catfish was tentatively identified as Aeromonas caviae-like bacterium. It was further confirmed by the analysis of 16S rRNA gene of A. caviae using PCR.► Study the prevalence of ba...
Zagazig Veterinary Journal, 2015
The present study was carried out to isolate, identify and perform a trial for treatment of Aeromonas sobria; the etiological agent responsible for signs of septicemia with redness and hemorrhage of mouth in cultured Oreochromis niloticus and mullet species. A total of 312 Oreochromis niloticus (30-65 g) and 158 mullet species (200-300 g) were collected a live from a private fish farm at Sahl El-Housinia, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Bacteriological examination of samples from gills, kidney, intestine, liver and spleen was carried out. Molecular identification, pathogenicity and in vitro antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains as well as in vivo trials of treatment were performed. The naturally infected fishes were characterized by signs of septicemia with redness of mouth and different parts of the body. Aeromonas sobria prevalence in Oreochromis niloticus (35.89%) was higher than that in mullet species (20.88%). Antibiotic sensitivity test on PCR confirmed isolates (n=3) that were highly pathogenic revealed that Aeromonas sobria was highly sensitive to enrofloxacin. The trial treatment of experimentally infected Oreochromis niloticus with 0.2 ml (9x10 8 CFU/ml) of 24 hrs virulent Aeromonas sobria broth culture using enrofloxacin (2 mg/l for 5 days as medical water bath) revealed better health condition and improvement in the signs of infection and levels of the alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and creatinine. Histopathological findings of liver, kidney and intestine confirmed the results of serum biochemical analysis where lesions were alleviated to normal indicating improvement in the health condition due to the efficacy of enrofloxacin treatment. In conclusion, the use of enrofloxacin as a medical water bath by 2 mg/l for five days revealed good results but must be used under restrictions to avoid bacterial resistance to the antibiotic.
2017
The present study was carried out to evaluate the comparative capability of producing infections and causing mortality of the experimental Magur (Clarias batrachus) with motile Aeromonas species. A total of 200 apparently healthy C. batrachus were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions for experimental study. Nine different groups (each group consisting of 20 fish) of healthy C. batrachus was injected with nine motile Aeromonas isolates (A. hydrophila-3, A. sobria-3 and A. caviae-3). Experimental C. batrachus were infected with motile A. hydrophila, A. sobria and A. caviae to groups 1-3, 4-6 and 7-9, respectively while group 10 was injected with sterile physiological saline (0.85% NaCl) and served as the control. The selected motile bacterial species via intramuscularly were injected at the rate of 4.5 × 10 5 cfu/fish for pathogenicity study on C. batrachus and monitored up to two weeks. The highest clinical infections were noticed 90% in group-3 whereas only 35% in group-8 within the experimental period. After two weeks of the experiment, the cumulative mortality rate was also found highest (60%) in group-3 but lowest (15%) in group-9 while no infection or mortality showed in group-10 (control group). The development of infection and mortality to the injected C. batrachus was associated more severely by Aeromonas hydrophila than A. sobria and A. caviae used in this study. However, the isolates motile Aeromonas species could serve as the primary cause of skin lesions as well as mortality in cultured C. batrachus. 1. Introduction Among the different air-breathing catfishes, Magur (Clarias batrachus) is very popular and highly valuable fish species in Bangladesh. It is not only recognized for its delicious taste and market value but it is also considered as a medicinal fish and traditionally remained a strike among the pregnant & lactating mothers, the elderly and children. It is prescribed prophylactically to the anemic & malnourished individuals as well as for the convalescent of the patients due to the nutritional superiority (Debnath, 2011). It is a very hardy fish that can survive for quite a few hours outside the water due to presence of accessory respiratory organs. C. batrachus was abundantly available in open water of Bangladesh but presently, it is threatened due to over exploitation and various ecological changes in its natural habitat. Although, the appropriate breeding, nursing and rearing technology of fry and fingerlings of C. batrachus had been developed by Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute (BFRI) in few years ago but various diseases of this fish causes huge economic losses because of their high mortality under farming conditions.
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2015
In vitro and in vivo activity of the Lippia alba essential oil (EO) against Aeromonas sp. was evaluated. In the in vitro assay the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EO for Aeromonas cells were determined using the microdilution method. Twenty five strains of Aeromonas sp. isolated from infected fish obtained from local fish farms were used. MIC and MBC values were 2862 and 5998 µg mL -1 for L. alba EO and 0.5 and 1.2 µg mL -1 for gentamicin, respectively. In the in vivo assay silver catfish juveniles (Rhamdia quelen) (7.50 ± 1.85 g and 10.0 ± 1.0 cm) with typical injuries associated to Aeromonas infection were divided into four treatments (in triplicate n=10): untreated fish (negative control), 10 mg L -1 of gentamicin, and 20 or 50 µL L -1 of EO. Fish were maintained in aerated 20 L plastic boxes. After 10 days survival of silver catfish infected with Aermonas sp. and treated with essential oil (50 µL L -1 ) was greater than 90%.
Journal of Aquaculture, Marine Biology & Ecology , 2020
Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) known to be the commonest bacterial infection of cultured fish is mostly ascribed to Aeromonas hydrophila. This study was therefore conducted to determine the pathogenicity of Aeromonas bestiarum in fry, juvenile and post-juvenile of Clarias gariepinus, and evaluate the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the organism for effective control. Aeromonas bestiarum was isolated from dead fry in Ijebu Ode. The organism was characterized and used for this study. Two-hundred apparently healthy fry collected from a commercial hatchery were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 50 fry. Three groups were infected with 1x108 (cfu)/ml of Aeromonas bestiarum by immersion in 2L of water, while the fourth groups were not infected. Fish in the infected and control groups were monitored daily for 21 days for signs of infection and mortality. The cumulative mortality in fry, juvenile and post-juvenile was 85%, 82% and 50% respectively. Gross lesions observed in post-juvenile fish were bulgy eyes, swollen dorsal muscle caudal to the cranium, congested kidney and skin depigmentation. Histological lesions were equally recorded in the hepatic tissue, diffuse degeneration and necrosis of the tubular epithelium in the interstitium of kidney. It was re-isolated from infected fish in the different developmental stages, while the organism was observed to be sensitive to two antibiotics. Groups of survivors in the different stages were treated for five days. On the second day of treatment, there was 15%, 14% and 0% mortality in the treated fry, juveniles and post-juveniles respectively, while the mortality rate of untreated but infected group (control) were 40%, 42% and 42% for fry juveniles and post-juveniles fish respectively. This shows Aeromonas bestiarum causes high mortality in fry, juvenile and post-juvenile of Clarias gariepinus. It's however sensitive to Enrofloxacin and Gentamicin which can be used for treatment of infection by Aeromonas bestiarum for now.
IOP conference series, 2022
Motile Aeromonas Septicemia has become a problem in aquaculture. This study set out to investigate the usefulness of the probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus and Staphylococcus lentus on survival rate, growth, and feed conversion efficiency of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). In vitro test was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotic against A. hydrophila and followed by in vivo test. In earlier treatment, Aeromonas hydrophila (final concentration 10 4 CFU mL-1), L. acidophilus, and S. lentus at a final concentration of 10 4 CFU mL −1 were added in aquaria every 2 days. there are four of the aquaria with three replicates, one control (without probiotic). In vitro test exposed the inhibition zone of L. acidophilus, S. lentus, and the combination of both bacteria was 11.72±0.55, 13.03±2.99, and 14.66±1.50 mm, respectively. After 21 days of treatment, the addition of the probiotic significantly increased the survival rate (P<0.05) for all conducts compared with controls. In vivo test showed that the application of probiotics in media of cultivation could reduce the number of A. hydrophila, improve the specific growth rate (SGR 6.00 ± 0.05%), and also increase the survival of catfish compared to the positive control. The results indicated that the combination of probiotics L. acidophilus and S. lentus appearances the highest survival (91.11 ± 1.53 %) of all treatments and the ratio of feed conversion was found to be decreased (0.23). This study highlights the combination of L. acidophilus and S. Lentus that could prevent MAS disease on Catfish.
STUDY ON SOME AEROBIC BACTERIAL SPECIES IN ORNAMENTAL FISH
This study was performed to detect the presence of some microbes which cause diseases in ornamental fish, pathogenesis of Aeromonas hydrophila to goldfish (Carrassius auratus), in addition to detect the more sensitive antibiotics for these microbes also, with trials for treatment of the most prevailing bacteria. One hundred apparently infected ornamental fish namely fantail, goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) Black molly (Poecillia latipinna) and koi carp (cyprinus carpio) was randomly collected from private ornamental fish shops. The clinical examinations of these naturally infected fish were recorded. Standard microbiological methods were used for isolation and characterization of bacteria associated with diseased fish. The results revealed that the prevalence of bacterial diseases was 38 % among the examined fish. The isolated and identified bacteria were Aeromonas hydrophila in a percentage of 23.75%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a percentage of 22.5% and Enterobacteriaceae in a percentage of 53.75%. Pathogencity of selected bacterial isolate belonged to A. hydrophila was done through experimental challenge via immersion route. Clinical signs and postmortem lesions were recorded; nearly the same clinopathological picture which noticed in naturally infected fish. The therapeutic efficacy of Enrofloxacin (2mg/L with 24 hours between dosing) was evaluated in the treatment of artificial infection with A. hydrophila in goldfish. Mortalities of fish were reduced by administered daily as compared to control group. The isolation frequencies of A. hydrophila in each group during and after medication indicated that Enrofloxacin (Mortril) seemed to give good protection against A. hydrophila in goldfish. Antibiotic sensitivity tests revealed that A. hydrophila were sensitive to sulphatrimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, gentamicine, florfenicol, enrofloxacin and norfloxacin. Pseudomonase sp. were sensitive to oxytetracycline, gentamicine and ciprofloxacin, while Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to gentamicine and ciprofloxacin.
Mortada M. A. Hussein1*, Walid H. Hassan2 and Mohamed O. Kamel1 1 Fish Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 12452, Egypt. 2 Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 12452, Egypt., 2017
A study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity and the median lethal dose (LD50) of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from clinically diseased catfish against apparently healthy homologous fish to evaluate the lethality of extra-cellular products (ECPs) of the isolated strain in vivo. For pathogenicity experiment, five different concentrations of Aeromonas hydrophila strain BNS 01614 including 3× 108, 1.5 × 108, 1.5 × 107, 1.5 × 106 and 1.5 × 105 CFU/fish used via intra peritoneal. The results revealed that pathogenicity of BNS 01614 was confirmed by the mortality of 30 % to 100 % of all tested fish within 4 to 12 days with LD50 1.5 × 107 CFU/fish. The Concentrated extracellular products (ECPs) of the selected bacterium were prepared and confirmed to be toxic in Clarias garipineus with LC50 of 20µg.