Pediatric Brain tumors in Southeast Nigeria; A prospective longitudinal cohort study (original) (raw)
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Pediatric Brain tumors in Southeast Nigeria; An 8-year prospective longitudinal cohort study
2019
Background: Pediatric brain tumors (PBT’s) from previous studies are associated with poor outcomes in our subregion. Methods. An 8 -year single center prospective study. All cases investigated with neuroimaging and treated were enrolled. Data was analyzed with SPSS (Inc) Chicago IL, USA version 23. Chi Square test, One-way Anova and confidence limits were used to evaluate associations using the 95% level of significance. Patients were followed up for a range of 1 to 7.5 years with a mean of 4.9 ±1.3years. Ethical approval was obtained for our study. Results: 95 patients were enrolled, 84 satisfied the study criteria. There were 45 males and 39 females, M: F=1.1. The mean age was 9.9±2.7 years 95%CI with a range of 9 months to 16 years. The most common symptom was headache for supratentorial lesions (73%) and gait disturbance (80.2%) for infratentorial lesions. More tumors were supratentorial in location (45(54.2%), while 33(37.1%) were infratentorial. Craniopharyngiomas (n=19), medu...
Ethiopian Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health
Background: Tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are the second most common group of cancers in childhood, exceeded by the leukemias. It is the most common pediatric solid tumor accounting for 20% of all childhood malignancies. The pattern and outcome of these tumors in children has not been studied in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the epidemiology and out-come of pediatric brain tumors in a tertiary care center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of children less than 15 years of age diag-nosed with primary brain tumor in Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital Department of pediatrics from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2019 was done. Treatment outcome was assessed clinically based on resolution of symptoms and absence of neurologic disabilityResults: There were 86 children with the diagnosis of brain tumor in the study period and 49/86 (57%) were males and the male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The age at presentation ranges from 2.4-14...
Pediatric brain tumor care in a Sub-Saharan setting: current poise of a precariously loaded dice
British Journal of Neurosurgery, 2020
Objective: To evaluate the current status of pediatric brain tumor (PBT) care and identify determinants and profiles of survival and school attendance Methods: An 8-year institution-based prospective longitudinal study. All cases investigated with neuroimaging and treated were enrolled. Data was analyzed with SPSS (Inc) Chicago IL, USA version 23. Chi Square test, One-way ANOVA and confidence limits were used to evaluate associations at the 95% level of significance. Ethical approval for our study was obtained Health Research Ethics Committee of our hospital. Results: Among 103 patients enrolled, 92 satisfied our study criteria. There were 45 males and 39 females, M: F ¼ 0.8. The mean age was 9.5 ± 2.1 years 95%CI with a range of 7 months to 16 years. The most common symptom was headache for supratentorial lesions (73%) and gait disturbance (80.2%) for infratentorial lesions. More tumors were supratentorial in location 51 (55.4%), 35 (38.1%) were infratentorial and 6 (6.5%) were transtentorial. Craniopharyngiomas (n ¼ 23), medulloblastomas (n ¼ 22) and astrocytomas (n ¼ 15) were the most common tumors. Hemoglobin genotype (AA and AS) had some influence on tumor phenotype FT, P ¼ 0.033. 76 cases were microsurgically resected while 16 patients were treated with radiotherapy alone. The 30-day mortality for operated cases is 7.2 ± 0.7%. Overall 1-year and 5-year survival was 66.7 and 52.3%, respectively. School attendance, performance and outcome varied among treatment subgroups. Conclusion: Survival profile in this series suggests some improvement in comparison to previous studies from our region, Hemoglobin genotype profiles may signature paediatric brain tumor phenotypes in our setting.
Asian Australasian Neuro and Health Science Journal (AANHS-J)
Brain tumors are the most common disease group of solid tumors in childhood, and children with brain tumors have a relatively poor survival rate. Epidemiologic data from a hospital-based registry provide the necessary information to obtain a full picture of the frequency of this disease, which is a great challenge in pediatric oncology. One hundred thirty four tumors in children between 0 and 17 years of age diagnosed between 2013 to 2017 were classified according the sex, and topography. Incidence of brain tumor in boys were higher than girls. From the registry data, the prevalence for boys was higher (67%). In the whole series, 54% were supratentorial, 46% infratentorial. The most common histopathologic pattern seen in the registry were pilocytic astrocytoma which accounts for 42 cases (31%) followed by medulloblastoma and craniopharygioma with the percentage of 25% and 18% respectively. The least histopathologic pattern of pediatric tumor seen in our center are diffuse astrocytom...
Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors in Brazzaville (Congo) about a Case Series
Open Journal of Modern Neurosurgery, 2020
Introduction: Tumors of the central nervous system are the most common group of solid neoplasm in children and account for 20% to 25%. They are common in Sub-Saharan countries, despite the insufficiency of histological diagnosis. No study has been performed concerning the pediatric brain tumors in the Republic of Congo. The aim of this study was to describe the conditions of neurosurgical management of pediatric tumors in Brazzaville. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective and descriptive study, from January 2014 to December 2017 (48 months), into the neurological unit of the surgical department of Brazzaville. We included all patients aged from 17 years old and below, hospitalized for a brain tumor. Results: We have identified 11 cases of brain tumors. The average age was 8.1 ± 4.3 years old, a sex ratio of 0.57. Ten out of the eleven patients of our series have intracranial hypertension. We found six cases of infratentorial tumors and five of supratentorial location. Only three cases had histology. Ten patients were operated, limited by ventriculoperitoneal shunt in 6 cases, surgical resection in three cases, biopsy in one case. There were no possibilities of radiotherapy and chemotherapy during this period of study. Conclusion: A multidisciplinary team must be organized to improve the management of pediatric brain tumors in our context. Histological diagnosis and possibilities of radiotherapy are imperatively needed.
Epidemiologic profile of pediatric brain tumors in Morocco
Child's Nervous System, 2010
Introduction Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors diagnosed among children below 15 years worldwide. However, little is known about the profile of pediatric brain tumors in Africa. The purpose of this study was to further elaborate the epidemiological profile of pediatric brain tumors in Africa, specifically Morocco. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of all patients with primary brain tumors in the age group 0-19 years, from 2003 to 2007, from multiple centers in two cities of Rabat and Casablanca, Morocco. Only patients with histopathological confirmation were included (n=542). Descriptive epidemiologic profiles were created for the patients by age, sex, and histological subtypes of brain tumors. Results Overall medulloblastoma was the most common brain tumor (34.5%), followed by pilocytic astrocytoma (17.3%) and diffuse astrocytoma grade 2 (12.5%). Brain tumors occurred most commonly in 5-9-year age group followed by 10-14-year age group with the former being more common among males and the latter being more common among females. We also found medulloblastoma to be the most common brain tumor in the 0-14-year-olds. Conclusions In this rare study focused on pediatric brain tumors in Morocco, most of the findings were consistent with past studies from other parts of the world. However, we found medulloblastoma to be the most common pediatric brain tumor followed by astrocytoma.
Epidemiological profile of brain tumors in Cameroon: a retrospective study
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery, 2021
Background: Brain tumors represent group of neoplasms originating from intracranial tissues and the meninges. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiological profile of brain tumors seen in a referral health center in Cameroon. We carried out a 10-year retrospective study in the neurosurgical, neurology, pathology, oncology and radiotherapy units of our hospital. Results: We found 150 complete case files accounting for 0.7% of total admissions in the various units. Males accounted for 50.7% of the cases. Children less than 14 years represented 12.7% of cases (n = 19). Primary brain tumors constituted 92% (n = 138). Most patients with primary brain tumors were between 25 and 54 years of age, making up 57% of cases (n = 79). The most prevalent histological type of brain tumor was meningioma (26%, n = 39), followed by astrocytoma (24.7%, n = 37), and pituitary adenomas (18%, n = 27). The majority of cases presented with signs of raised intracranial pressure with headache being the most frequent symptom (88%). Some patients presented with seizures (34%), neurological deficit (13%), visual disturbances (10%), and cognitive disorders (7%). Conclusion: Young adults represent the most affected age group. Meningioma, astrocytoma and pituitary adenomas were the most frequent brain tumors in adults. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term outcome of patients with BTs.
Frontiers in Oncology, 2023
Background: Understanding of the epidemiology and biology of pediatric CNS tumors has advanced dramatically over the last decade; however there remains a discrepancy in the understanding of epidemiologic data and clinical capacity between high-and lower-income countries. Objective: We collected and analyzed hospital-level burden and capacityoriented data from pediatric neurosurgical oncology units at 7 referral hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods: A cross sectional epidemiological survey was conducted using REDCap at the 7 SSA sites, capturing 3-month aggregate data for patients managed over a total of 9 months. Descriptive statistical analyses for the aggregate data were performed. Results: Across the neurosurgical spectrum, 15% of neurosurgery outpatient and 16% of neurosurgery operative volume was represented by pediatric neurooncology across the 7 study sites. Eighty-six percent and 87% of patients who received surgery underwent preoperative CT scan and/or MRI respectively. Among 312 patients evaluated with a CNS tumor, 211 (68%) underwent surgery. Mean surgery wait time was 26.6 ± 36.3 days after initial presentation at the clinic. The most common tumor location was posterior fossa (n=94, 30%), followed by sellar/suprasellar region (n=56, 18%). Histopathologic analysis was Frontiers in Oncology frontiersin.org 01
Clinical Profile of Brain Tumour in Children
Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College, 2017
Background: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical profile and location of brain tumours in children so that brain tumour cases could be diagnosed and managed earlier. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out from April 2011 to April 2012. A total 50 clinically suspected cases of brain tumour and supported by MRI were enrolled in this study. Results: Brain tumour of children was predominant in male where male to female ratio was almost 1.9:1. Supratentorial and Infratentorial brain tumour were found in 36% and 64% cases respectively in children. According to MRI findings in the supratentorial location, craniopharyngioma were commonest (50%) followed by cerebral astrocytoma (22.2%). In the infratentorial region, medulloblastoma was observed in (40.6%), followed by cerebellar astrocytoma (31.3%). Vertigo, weakness of limbs were found in 46.9% and 87.5% cases respectively in infratentorial group which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than supratentorial group. Growth failure and behavioral change were found in 16.7% and 22.2% cases respectively in supratentorial which were significantly (p<0.05) higher than infratentorial group. Papilloedema, reduced muscle power, increased muscle tone, exaggerated deep reflexes, clonus, gait disturbance and cerebellar signs were significantly (p<0.05) higher in infratentorial group. Conclusion: Craniopharyngioma and medulloblastoma were more common findings in MRI evaluation in the supratentorial and infratentorial location respectively. Growth failure and behavioral change were found higher in supratentorial than infratentorial group. Vertigo, weakness of limbs, papilloedema, reduced muscle power, increased muscle tone, exaggerated deep reflexes, clonus, gait disturbance and cerebellar signs were higher in infratentorial group. [
Intracranial tumors in children: a 10-year review from a single tertiary health-care center
Child's Nervous System, 2019
Objective Brain tumors are the second most common pediatric malignancy and the most common cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidities. Major advances in terms of surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have led to better outcomes in developed countries. Delayed diagnosis, advanced disease at presentation, late referrals, nosocomial infections, delays to radiotherapy, and poor support services are the major reasons for poorer outcomes in developing countries. Little is known about the profile of brain tumors in Pakistan. This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, management, and clinical outcomes of children with brain tumors in Pakistan in a single tertiary care center. Methods/materials All children (0-16 years) with primary CNS tumors from 2004 to 2014 at Aga Khan University Hospital were reviewed retrospectively for clinical data, demographics, radiological findings, management, and outcome. Results One hundred seventy-five children were included in the study. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Most of the patients were in 5-10 years age group (38.9%). Most common presenting complains were headache 115 (65.7%) and vomiting 100 (57.1%). Predominant site was infratentorial 93 (53%). Glial tumors were 105 (60%) followed by embryonal 40(22.9%), craniopharyngiomas 25 (14.3%), and germ cell 1 (0.6%). Astrocytomas (25.7%) were the most common glial tumors while medulloblastoma (15.4%) was the most common embryonal tumor. Majority of the patients underwent surgical resection (78.8%). Radiation was given to 47 (26.8%) patients. A half of the patients, 89 (50%), were lost to follow-up. Forty-two (24%) patients expired, 20 (11.4%) are alive with residual disease while 15 patients (8.5%) were cured with no evidence of recurrence and regular follow-ups. Conclusion This is the only study from Pakistan showing demographics of the childhood brain tumors. Significant improvement needs to be made for timely diagnosis, early referrals, and collaborated team efforts with multidisciplinary tumor board to improve outcome.