Gold nanoparticles meet medical radionuclides (original) (raw)
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Gold Nanoparticles-Based Radiopharmaceuticals for Nuclear Molecular Imaging and Therapy Applications
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Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have attracted great interest in a variety of medical applications such as computed tomography (CT), nuclear imaging, therapy, photoacoustic, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Due to their surface chemistry, structure properties, and biocompatibility, AuNPs are a key feature for targeted drug delivery and enhanced imaging as a contrast agent. This paper describes a new method for AuNPs labelling with Ga through chelator method and covers recent advances in positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission tomography (SPECT), and radiotherapy using gold nanoparticles-based radiopharmaceuticals.
Radiolabeled Gold Nanoparticles for Imaging and Therapy of Cancer
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In the Last decades, nanotechnology has provided novel and alternative methodologies and tools in the field of medical oncology, in order to tackle the issues regarding the control and treatment of cancer in modern society. In particular, the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in radiopharmaceutical development has provided various nanometric platforms for the delivery of medically relevant radioisotopes for SPECT/PET diagnosis and/or radionuclide therapy. In this review, we intend to provide insight on the methodologies used to obtain and characterize radiolabeled AuNPs while reporting relevant examples of AuNPs developed during the last decade for applications in nuclear imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, and highlighting the most significant preclinical studies and results.
Gold nanoparticles in radiation research: potential applications for imaging and radiosensitization
Translational cancer research, 2013
The potential of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in therapeutic and diagnostic cancer applications is becoming increasingly recognized. These biologically compatible particles can be easily synthesized, tuned to different sizes, and functionalized by conjugation to various biologically useful materials. Efficient and specific delivery to tumor tissue can then be accomplished either by passive accumulation in leaky tumor vessels and tissue, or by directly targeting tumor-specific biomarkers. Tumor-localized GNPs can serve as both adjuvants for enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy and also as contrast agents for various imaging modalities. In this review, we will discuss recent advancements and future potential in the application of GNP as both a radiosensitizer and an imaging contrast agent. Due to their versatility and biocompatibility, gold nanoparticles may represent a novel theranostic adjuvant for radiation applications in cancer management.
Role of Gold Nanoparticles in Enhancing Radiotherapy
Gold nanoparticles have gained significant attention in the field of cancer therapy due to their unique properties and potential to enhance radiotherapy. This review provides an overview of the mechanisms by which gold nanoparticles enhance radiotherapy, including increased radiation absorption, generation of secondary low-energy electrons, dose enhancement effects, and modulation of the tumor microenvironment. The selective targeting and localization of gold nanoparticles in tumor tissues are discussed, highlighting the importance of surface modifications and functionalization. Furthermore, the utilization of gold nanoparticles in imaging techniques and treatment monitoring is explored, emphasizing their optical and photothermal properties. Preclinical studies using in vitro and in vivo models demonstrate the enhanced radiotherapy effects of gold nanoparticles. Th e ongoing clinical trials and translational research are summarized to assess the safety and efficacy of gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy in human subjects. The potential impact on cancer treatment and patient outcomes is discussed, along with the challenges and future perspectives in optimizing gold nanoparticle properties, standardizing protocols, addressing safety concerns, and integrating with other treatment modalities. In conclusion, gold nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy holds great promise in cancer treatment and further research is needed to fully exploit its potential and translate it into clinical practice.
International journal of pharmaceutics, 2010
Here we report the radiolabeling of gold nanoshells (NSs) for PET imaging in rat tumor model. A conjugation method was developed to attach NSs with the radionuclide, (64)Cu. The resulting conjugates showed good labeling efficiency and stability in PBS and serum. The pharmacokinetics of (64)Cu-NS and the controls ((64)Cu-DOTA and (64)Cu-DOTA-PEG2K) were determined in nude rats with a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma xenograft by radioactive counting. Using PET/CT imaging, we monitored the in vivo distribution of (64)Cu-NS and the controls in the tumor-bearing rats at various time points after their intravenous injection. PET images of the rats showed accumulation of (64)Cu-NSs in the tumors and other organs with significant difference from the controls. The organ biodistribution of rats at 46h post-injection was analyzed by radioactive counting and compared between the (64)Cu-NS and the controls. Different clearance kinetics was indicated. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) of go...
Gold nanoparticles and their alternatives for radiation therapy enhancement
Frontiers in Chemistry, 2014
Radiation therapy is one of the most commonly used treatments for cancer. The dose of delivered ionizing radiation can be amplified by the presence of high-Z materials via an enhancement of the photoelectric effect; the most widely studied material is gold (atomic number 79). However, a large amount is needed to obtain a significant dose enhancement, presenting a challenge for delivery. In order to make this technique of broader applicability, the gold must be targeted, or alternative formulations developed that do not rely solely on the photoelectric effect. One possible approach is to excite scintillating nanoparticles with ionizing radiation, and then exploit energy transfer between these particles and attached dyes in a manner analogous to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Doped rare-earth halides and semiconductor quantum dots have been investigated for this purpose. However, although the spectrum of emitted light after radiation excitation is usually similar to that seen with light excitation, the yield is not. Measurement of scintillation yields is challenging, and in many cases has been done only for bulk materials, with little understanding of how the principles translate to the nanoscale. Another alternative is to use local heating using gold or iron, followed by application of ionizing radiation. Hyperthermia pre-sensitizes the tumors, leading to an improved response. Another approach is to use chemotherapeutic drugs that can radiosensitize tumors. Drugs may be attached to high-Z nanoparticles or encapsulated. This article discusses each of these techniques, giving an overview of the current state of nanoparticle-assisted radiation therapy and future directions.
Gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy: a review
Cancer Nanotechnology, 2016
Background Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the number of cancer-diagnosed patients is rapidly increasing, in part due to an ageing population, and is expected to reach 22 million cases in the next two decades (Stewart 2015). Currently, the main therapeutic approaches used to treat cancer are surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, delivered separately or in various combinations (Sánchez-Santos 2012). Surgery and radiotherapy are key players for treating primary non-metastasised solid tumours, but for patients with co-morbidities that are unfit for surgery, deep-seated tumours, especially those associated with major blood vessels, or brain tumours, combined chemotherapy approaches are common.
Targeted radiotherapy with gold nanoparticles: current status and future perspectives
Nanomedicine, 2014
Radiation therapy (RT) is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with ionizing radiation. The ultimate goal of RT is to destroy all the disease cells while sparing healthy tissue. Towards this goal, RT has advanced significantly over the past few decades in part due to new technologies including: multileaf collimator-assisted modulation of radiation beams, improved computer-assisted inverse treatment planning, image guidance, robotics with more precision, better motion management strategies, stereotactic treatments and hypofractionation. With recent advances in nanotechnology, targeted RT with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is actively being investigated as a means to further increase the RT therapeutic ratio. In this review, we summarize the current status of research and development towards the use of GNPs to enhance RT. We highlight the promising emerging modalities for targeted RT with GNPs and the corresponding preclinical evidence supporting such promise towards potential clini...
Investigation of Gold Nanoparticles Effects in Radiation Therapy of Cancer: A Systematic Review
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, 2022
10.30699/jambs.30.142.388 Background & Objective: In recent years, the use of nanoparticles (NPs), especially gold nanoparticles (GNPs) in radiotherapy, has been repeatedly studied by in-vitro, in-vivo experiments, and Monte Carlo simulation. Some studies declare that specific absorption of GNPs (with a higher atomic number) by cancerous cells increases radiations' lethal effect compared to normal cells. This review article aimed to investigate the radiosensitizing effect of GNPs in cancer radiotherapy. Materials & Methods: Research databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus were examined from December 2019. All Gold Nanoparticles Radiation Therapy (GNRT) articles that studied the radiosensitization of gold nanoparticles in radiotherapy were involved in the assessment. Among 706 chosen articles, 52 documents were included in this investigation. Results: The results of all these studies indicate that an increase in tumor mortality happens due to higher radiation absorption by nanoparticles entering the tumor; however, the relationship between the interaction of radiant energy and the size of gold nanoparticles is controversial. Conclusion: This review article will discuss recent advances in the development of gold-based NPs to improve radiotherapy.
Gold nanoparticles as novel agents for cancer therapy
British Journal of Radiology, 2012
Gold nanoparticles are emerging as promising agents for cancer therapy and are being investigated as drug carriers, photothermal agents, contrast agents and radiosensitisers. This review introduces the field of nanotechnology with a focus on recent gold nanoparticle research which has led to early phase clinical trials. In particular, the preclinical evidence for gold nanoparticles as sensitisers with ionising radiation in vitro and in vivo at kilovoltage and megavoltage energies is discussed.