Пещера Вашанская близ Казначеево (Тульская область) (original) (raw)
Пещера Вашанская близ Казначеево (Тульская область)
2022, Speleology and spelestology
The abandoned underground limestone quarries, situated in the vicinity of Kaznacheyevo village, in the River Vashana basin (the Oka right tributary), have been found and surveyed by our research group since 2017. These quar- ries operated in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. While surveying their underground cavities, two accessible natural caves formed with landslide fault were discovered. The largest one was named the Vashana cave. Its total length is more than 140 meters and its height reaches 13 meters. The cave genesis is associated with deep-seated landslides of the Late Pleistocene. Such large caves, located in plains, are poorly described in scientific literature. The detailed characterization of geological conditions and the local relief along with the cave description, its interior photos and its preliminary map are presented in this paper. According to incision/aggradation rhythms a primary joint system and a karst horizon split by the cave were formed at least since the end of MIS 6 and throughout the Late Pleistocene. We have previously established the main stages of the cave’s evolution based on these data and field materials. Previously we established that the main volume of the Vashana cave resulted from the removal of geostatic pressure and the occurrence of a landslide during the last episode of rapid bedrock channel incision 18–12 thousands of years ago.
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Пещера у с. Скупая Потудань в Воронежской области, 2019
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Калачеевская пещера на Среднем Дону: прочтение сакрального топоса в контексте Виа Долороза, 2021
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«Пещера» на Яше-ручье: К вопросу об одной аскетической практике в Карелии
«Пещера» на Яше-ручье: К вопросу об одной аскетической практике в Карелии
В Южной Карелии находится небольшой Яшезерский Благовещенский монастырь, основанный в XVI веке преподобным Ионой. Недалеко от него, на берегу Яше-ручья, в 2013 году археологическая экспедиция Национального музея Республики Карелия обследовала неизвестный памятник – «пещеру» в расщелине скалы. Анализ и интерпретация объекта затруднены из-за отсутствия находок. В настоящее время метод лихенометрии (определение возраста субстрата относительно размера таллома лишайника) широко используется в геологических исследованиях и для датировки древних каменных сооружений. На основании изучения роста лишайников на камнях строительство «пещеры» датируется серединой XVIII века или древнее. В историях позднесредневековых православных монастырей Карелии есть данные о существовании общей для православного мира традиции монашеского подвига жизни в кельях-пещерах. Использовали их для молитвы и гонимые сторонники старой веры. Поэтому создателями «пещеры» могут быть монахи-аскеты или местные крестьяне-старообрядцы. Это первый позднесредневековый памятник такого вида в Карелии, изученный комплексной научной экспедицией.
Виа Долороза в пещерах урочища Малые Дивы на Среднем Дону, 2018
VIA DOLOROSA IN THE CAVES OF THE MALYE DIVY AREA IN THE MIDDLE DON. The objective of the research is to reveal the meaning of the cave tunnel architectural elements in the Divnogorsky Assumption Monastery in the Middle Don. The author hypothesizes on a symbolic reflection here of Via Dolorosa (The Way of the Cross), a street in Jerusalem being a symbolic reflection of Jesus Christ’s way to his crucifixion. Herewith the author addresses the following issues: 1) clarification of the monument’s historical background; 2) written sources analysis: pilgrimage to the Holy Land description and application of the findings to the architectural elements of the caves in Divnogorye. The solution of the second task allows opening a new methodological aspect to understand the intended purpose for the numerous underground passages and spaces of ancient cult caves in the Russian Plain. The Divnogorsky Assumption Monastery is located in the area of the Tikhaya Sosna inflow into the Don. It traces its roots to the middle of the 17th century. It was a result of a secular and monastery settlement in the south border of the Moscow State by Orthodox Christians native of Western Ukraine. The monks who came to the new community brought the European tradition of the Via Dolorosa construction. The tradition dates back to the 14th century and in the 17th century it became widespread in European countries. Initially, the Way of the Cross was seven symbolic architectural stations, which reflected significant events of the last day of Jesus Christ’s earthly life. The same principle can be seen in the caves of the Divnogorsky Monastery. The first station is outlined by the chapel, it is Pilate’s court. This very station starts the Way of the Cross in Jerusalem. Stations two to five are outlined by turns of the underground tunnel; they form a cross on the plan emphasizing the plenitude of suffering on the cross. The second station is the place where Christ met His Blessed Mother. The third station is the place where Christ met Simon of Cyrene. The fourth station is the place where Christ spoke to the women of Jerusalem. The fifth station is the place where the soldiers cast lots for Jesus Christ’s garment. The identification of the stations was made in accordance with the early European tradition based on the Gospels. The sixths station is Golgotha. Its symbolism can be easily recognized due to the steps leading up and down in the cave tunnel. Besides, the number of the steps is equal to those in the Church of Resurrection in Jerusalem described by Russianpilgrims Vasiliy Poznyakov and Trifon Korobeynikov in the 16th century. The seventh station is the Edicule of the Holy Sepulture. It is clearly symbolized by its hexagonal shape and sepulture carved out in the chalk rock. The sepulture is positioned in accordancewith the present tradition. The Way of the Cross explained hereby is unique and non-typical for Russia, which is strengthened by itsunderground position. A very important task now is its preservation and further study due to its earlier dating.
Пещера в горе Аулие тау: проблема искусственного и естественного: предварительное сообщение
The paper introduces into scientific use the data on the new painting sites in Saryarka discovered in Aulie Mountain – the cave Aulie and the niche next to it. The authors present certain analogies to them among the petroglyphs and paintings dated from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the rock art sites of Kazakhstan mountain regions. The problem of distinguishing between traces of manmade red pigment and zones of ferruginization is discussed. The results of studying photographic documentation by the method of pigment maps are analyzed. Based on the analysis, it is assumed that there are three types of dyes in the cave and niche, apparently differing in chemical composition – natural pigment in zones of ferruginization and artificial pigments of different composition. The authors raise the question of artificial origin of the cave as a result of mining activities.
В коллективной монографии представлены материалы междисциплинарных исследований, проведенных в пещере Матузка (Северо-Западный Кавказ). Уникальный археологический памятник эпохи среднего палеолита позволяет получить разнообразную информацию о жизни неандертальцев от 130 до 35 тысяч лет назад. В книге публикуются реконструкции палеоландшафта, палеоклимата, охотничьих стратегий древнего человека. Особое внимание уделено развитию культуры, определению культурных ареалов, предполагаемых миграций. Подробно освещены вопросы особенностей жилых структур и организации жилого пространства. Все материалы рассматриваются в контексте среднего палеолита Кавказа. Книга рассчитана на археологов, историков, геологов, палеонтологов, палеогеографов, учителей и краеведов.
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