A Detailed Subgross Morphometric Study on the Auditory Ossicles of the New Zealand Rabbit (original) (raw)
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Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat (Capra hircus)
2020
The present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The paper focuses on the morphological and morphometrical description of the ossicular assembly, formed by malleus, incus and stapes. The malleus (overall length, as average‐ 8.16 mm) comprises the head of malleus (Caput mallei), a slightly strictured part—neck (Collum mallei) with 3 distinctive processes (lateral, rostral and muscular) (Processus lateralis, Processus rostralis and Processus muscularis) and a handle (Manubrium mallei). The head of malleus has an oval aspect with an obtuse articular surface on its medial surface (Facies articularis). The neck is evident with three bony processes described—the anterior, almost triangular, the muscular one quite reduced and the lateral one which is the most developed one. The manubrium is the longest sector—4.4 mm and appears as a slightly curved piece. The incus presents a body of 1.3 mm and two processes—the short and long crus (Crus breve a...
Morphological and morphometrical anatomy of the auditory ossicles in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)
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The study provides a series of distinctive morphological features of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative morphometric data, bringing facts in respect to morphology and some morpho-functional elements of the auditory ossicles in this little-studied species. The most relevant features noted are evident conical shape of muscular process of malleus and triangular aspect of the handle of malleus. For the incus, a short body of the bone and the direct continuation is mentioned, with no clear distinction as an individualized piece for the lenticular process. As for the stapes, the clear profiling of the muscular tubercle for the stapedial muscle and elliptic shape of the foot of the stapes is noted. A series of comparative measurements and indices are also calculated in the attempt of profiling differences from the domestic couterspecies-sheep and goat.
Morphological And Morphometrical Aspects of The Auditory Ossicles In Roe Deer (Capreolus Capreolus)
Research Square (Research Square), 2022
The study provides a series of distinctive aspects of the auditory ossicles alongside comparative morphometric data, bringing facts in respect to morphology and morphofunctionality of the auditory ossicles in this little-studied species. The most important features noted are evident conical shape of muscular process of malleus and triangular aspect of the handle of malleus. For the incus, a short body of the bone and the direct continuation, with no clear distinction as an individualized piece, for the lenticular process. As for the stapes, the clear pro ling of the muscular tubercle for the stapedial muscle and elliptic shape of the foot of the stapes is noted. A series of comparative measurements and indices are also calculated in the attempt of pro ling differences from the domestic counter species-sheep and goat.
Italian journal of anatomy and embryology = Archivio italiano di anatomia ed embriologia, 2012
The morphology and morphometry of the bones of the thigh, crus and foot of ten adult New Zealand white rabbits were investigated to outline the peculiarities of the species and attempt to establish a morpho-functional paradigm. The femur, tibia-fibular, tarsus, metatarsals and digits of the right and left limbs were extracted and properly macerated. Gross observations of the femur revealed the presence of three trochanters. The greater trochanter was considerably higher than the head of the femur. The femoral head possessed a fovea capitis. The distal part of the femur had prominent condylus lateralis, condylus medialis, epicondylus lateralis and epicondylus medialis. The femur had an average length of 8.230 cm (SD +/- 0.086). The proximal aspect of the tibia possessed a prominent tuberosity and two condyles. Distal fusion of the tibia and fibula was observed since about half of the total tibia length. The distal articular surface of the tibia was about twice as wide medio-laterally...
Annali della Facoltà di …, 2006
La ricerca descrive, dal punto di vista topografico e morfologico, gli ossicini dell'udito nei Ruminanti e confronta i dati ottenuti con quelli, riportati in letteratura, per gli Equidi. I risultati dimostrano che la catena degli ossicini nei Ruminanti ha la stessa topografia descritta per gli Equidi, mentre sostanziali differenze emergono dal confronto dell'analisi morfologica dei singoli ossicini. In particolare queste riguardano la testa ed i tre processi del martello, la lunghezza dei processi dell'incudine, la forma della staffa e la topografia dei suoi processi.
Dimensions of the vestibular and tympanic scalae of the cochlea in selected mammals
Hearing Research, 2001
The spiral shaped organ of hearing occurs only in mammals. This shape creates good conditions for the acoustic wave inside the cochlea. There are various forms of the cochlea in different species of mammal: the number of turns ranges from 1.5 to 4.5, a fact for which there seems no obvious explanation. In order to become more familiar with the geometry of the cochlear scalae in animals, a microanatomical study was carried out on 40 temporal bones, obtained from four common species of mammal: cat, dog, cattle and macaca. The bones were dissected with the aid of an operation microscope using standard otosurgical equipment, in which their perilymphatic spaces were filled with latex and further prepared in a formalin stain. Each of the rubber molds was removed from the osseous matrix and subsequently manually cut into 1 mm segments. The results, presented in diagrams, indicate that the vestibular and tympanic scalae present alternate dominance in their width and height, as was previously found in a study of humans. The change of this alternation domination appears two to five times on their entire length. The dimensions of the cochlear scalae are to a certain extent proportional to the weight of the animal: the largest were found in cattle and the smallest in the macaca.
Postnatal Osteological Development of the Hyoid Bone in the New Zealand White Rabbit
Veterinary Research Communications, 2007
This study augments knowledge of bone growth by observing the development of the hyoid bone in the New Zealand White rabbit. Preserved hyoid bones representing five different age periods, each period including five individuals and the total number of animals being 25, were fixed in 3.5% formaldehyde solution and 95% ethanol, followed by a pure acetone bath. They were then stained with an alcian blue-alizarin red combination. The mode of bone formation was intracartilaginous type ossification. While the basihyoideum and thyrohyoideum were observed to start ossifying first at prenatal stage, indicating that they are the main skeletal structures of the hyoid apparatus, the ceratohyoideum and lingual process began to ossify in the second and third periods. The separately occurring primary ossification centres fused completely among themselves in the fifth period. Because no further ossification centers were observed and the ossified parts continued the development and growth, the research was terminated after 10 weeks of age.
The ear ossicles and the evolution of the primate ear: A biomechanical approach
Human Evolution, 1992
From a morphometric viewpoint the variability of human and other primate ear ossicles appears to be suitable for the study of taxonomic and phylogenetic distinction among Primates. It may also be of interest to determine whether they are useful to show differences in the perception of sound from the environment and from conspecifics. The energy transmitted through the ossicles is mantained by the action of different leverages. These modify the action of the ossicles from relatively wide, low energy, movements of the hammer to the smaller, high energy, movements of the stirrup. It seems that the pongid type of ossicle leverage combination saves more energy, possibly with a certain loss of subtle information, but this may be more useful in the wild than decoding voice modulation. The human type leverage, being less demultiplied, may produce a major loss of energy but, perhaps, a more precise conservation of sound information useful for speech communication.