Comparison of cationic demand between olive wood organosolv pulp and eucaliptus kraft pulp (original) (raw)
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Bioresource Technology, 2005
This paper examines the influence of the degree of refining of different pulps, produced from olive trimmings and eucalyptus wood, on various physical properties. Corresponding pulps were obtained by means of different cooking processes. Pulp from olive trimmings was obtained by means of an organosolv process and pulp from eucalyptus was obtained by means of a kraft process. Pulp from olive trimmings exhibited a lower specific surface area, water retention volume, breaking length, stretch and burst index, but a higher porosity, than eucalyptus pulp. On the other hand, the same degree of refining was achieved with less energy for olive pulp than for eucalyptus pulp. Mixed pulp from olive trimmings and eucalyptus provided paper sheets with acceptable physical properties but with reduced refining energy costs relative to eucalyptus pulp alone.
Cellulose, 2004
New acidic organosolv pulping processes, such as Acetosolv, Formacell and Milox, promise to have superior potential in terms of purification selectivity and specific investment costs. Consequently, a thorough investigation of these new acidic pulping processes in comparison to state-of-the-art acidic magnesium sulfite technology was conducted. The impact of pulping and bleaching parameters on the physical and chemical characteristics was studied to compare process efficiency and selectivity for each type of pulp made from Eucalypt wood. In addition to a detailed analysis of the chemical composition and physical properties on a molecular and supramolecular level, the TCF-bleached dissolving pulps were tested for their applicability in viscose fiber production. The influence of pulp properties as determined by standard and advanced analytical methods on process performance and selected fiber properties is emphasized.
Effect of organosolv and soda pulping processes on the metals content of non-woody pulps
Bioresource technology, 2008
In this work the effect of different pulping processes (ethyleneglycol, diethyleneglycol, ethanolamine and soda) of tow abounded raw materials (empty fruit bunches -EFB and rice straw) on the ash, silicates and metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, Mn, Ni and Cd) content of the obtained pulps have been studied. Results showed that pulps obtained by diethyleneglycol pulping process presented lower metals content (756 lg/g and 501 lg/g for EFB and rice straw pulp, respectively) than soda pulps (984 lg/g and 889 lg/g). Ethanolamine pulps presented values of holocellulose (74% and 77% for EFB and rice straw pulp, respectively), a-cellulose (74% and 69%), kappa number (18.7 and 18.5) and viscosity (612 and 906 ml/g) similar to those of soda pulp, and lower lignin contents (11% and 12%).
Effect of mechanical and chemical pulping on ionic liquid fractionation of wood chips
2021
In this study, a comparison of two pulping methods namely mechanical and chemical, on the dissolution of Eucalyptus grandis (E. grandis) wood chips was undertaken. The wood chip pulp was treated with an ionic liquid (IL): 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride to extract the cellulose. The IL was mixed with unbleached mechanical pulp (UBMP), bleached mechanical pulp (BMP), unbleached kraft pulp (UBKP) and bleached kraft pulp (BKP) in ratios of 10%, 20%, 30%. Each solution contained IL, wood pulp and 2-mL of 16 v/v % of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The 30 % IL pretreatment was the most effective IL pretreatment. The cellulose yield at 30 % IL pretreatment for UBMP, BMP, UBKP and BKP was 65.12%, 63.82%, 67.43%, 67.15%, respectively. This indicated that the kraft pulping method was more effective than the mechanical pulping method for the yield of cellulose after the IL pretreatment. The Crl value at 30 % IL pretreatment was highest for UBMP (72.03%) indicating that the pretreatment used was the least effective in reducing the cellulose crystallinity. The fractions of E. grandis wood chip namely, lignin, regenerated cellulose and hemicelluloses before and after the IL pretreatment, were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) (carbohydrates), Fourier Transform Infra-Red Attenuated Total Reflection (FTIR-ATR) (functional groups), Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography /Mass Spectroscopy (Py-GC/MS) (lignin fractions), Ultraviolet/Visible spectroscopy (UV/Vis) (acid soluble lignin), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) (degradation of pulp), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) (crystallinity) and high resolution Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (morphology). Kraft pulping was the most effective method for the yield of cellulose after the [AMIM][Cl]/DMSO pretreatment. The 30% [AMIM][Cl]/DMSO pretreatment gave the highest S/G ratio indicating that minimal bleaching was required.
Organosolv ethanolamine pulping of olive wood
Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2008
This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the pulping of olive wood trimmings [viz. cooking temperature (165-195 • C) and time (30-90 min), ethanolamine concentration (5-15%), soda concentration (2.5-7.5%) and liquid/solid ratio (4-6)], on the yield and kappa number of the pulps and breaking length, burst index and tear index of the resulting paper sheets.
Pretreatment of softwood dissolving pulp with ionic liquids
Few Scandinavian pulp mills produce dissolving pulps; however , the demand on textile fi bers is increasing. This study investigates the chemical interaction of dissolving pulp with ionic liquids (ILs), where softwood and hardwood industrial dissolving pulps were pretreated with ILs 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([C 4 mim + ]CH 3 COO-) and 1-butyl-3-methyl-imdazolium chloride ([C 4 mim + ]Cl-). Time and temperature dependence of the dissolution process as well as the impact of the pretreatment on the molecular weight properties , thermal stability, morphology, and crystallinity of the cellulose were evaluated by means of size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was shown that the dissolution of cellulosic material in ILs is a temperature-dependent process; however, the viscosity of ILs affected the effi ciency of dissolution at a given temperature. Molecular weight properties were affected negatively by increased dissolution temperature, while the type of antisol-vent for the regeneration had no major impact on the degree of polymerization of cellulose. Water was more effi cient than ethanol for the regeneration of cellulose when performed at an elevated temperature. The pretreatment decreased the crystal-linity of cellulosic material. This might lead to the increased accessibility and reactivity of cellulose.
Bioresource Technology, 2010
The influence of different addition points of a chelating agent and a counter-ion exchange on the properties of Eucalyptus grandis unbleached kraft pulps is studied. Seven pulps were considered: two laboratory kraft pulps with or without the inclusion of the chelant DTPMPA (diethylene triamine penta (methylene phosphonic acid)), a mill kraft pulp and four mill pulps after Ca +2 or Na + counter-ion exchange followed, or not, by washing with DTPMPA addition. The laboratory pulps required lower beating energy than the industrial pulps for achieving 30°SR, and the corresponding handsheets also showed better strength and optical properties, as well as a more homogeneous and smooth surface. The counterion exchange decreases the mechanical resistances and increases brightness. However, the effects of Ca +2 are deeper than those of Na +. DTPMPA added to pulping causes a decrease in calcium content whereas as a washing additive does not have a relevant impact on the mechanical and optical properties.
Organosolv pulping of olive tree trimmings by use of ethylene glycol/soda/water mixtures
Holzforschung, 2004
This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the ethylene glycol/soda pulping of olive wood trimmings (165-1958C, 30-90 min, ethylene glycol concentration 5-15%, soda concentration 2.5-7.5% and liquid/solid ratio 4-6), on the yield and Kappa index of the pulps and the strength properties (breaking length, burst index and tear index) of paper sheets. By using a central composite factorial design, equations that relate each dependent variable to the different independent variables were obtained which reproduced the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 12%. Using a temperature of 1848C, ethylene glycol and soda concentrations of 15% and 7%, respectively, a liquid/solid ratio of 5:1 and a cooking time of 30 min results in yield, Kappa index, breaking length, burst index and tear index values that depart by 14.3%, 8.2%, 17.1%, 17.0% and 2.3%, respectively, from their optimum levels. These conditions result in substantial savings in power consumption and immobilised capital investments as they involve a lower temperature, a lower liquid/solid ratio, and a shorter time than the maximum values tested.
Dissolving pulps by oxidation of the cellulosic fraction of lignocellulosic waste
2017
Cellulosic fractions of Eucalyptus sp. sawdust pulp and of sugarcane bagasse pulp, which had been subjected to hydrothermal and alkaline treatments, were purified by oxidative means (oxygen and ozone, followed by an alkaline extraction) to obtain dissolving pulp. The properties of the obtained pulps were evaluated and compared with those of commercial dissolving pulps. Eucalyptus sawdust pulp achieved 70% delignification after oxygen treatment and a kappa number of 5.8. Sugarcane bagasse pulps achieved 83% delignification and a kappa number of 8.7. Intrinsic viscosities within the range of specifications for dissolving grade pulps were obtained in the experiments on eucalyptus sawdust pulp. Higher values than required were obtained for sugarcane bagasse pulp. Retention values in 18% alkali were within the range of specifications for dissolving grade pulps, the highest values being obtained for alkaline extraction in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogen peroxide addition in alkaline extraction produced high solubility values in both kinds of pulps.
Holzforschung, 2017
In the course of the Ioncell-P process, hemicelluloses are extracted from wood pulps by a mild treatment with an ionic liquid (IL) water mixture, and the result is a high-purity dissolving pulp. The aim of the present work is to study the influence of pulp origin concerning different wood species and pulping processes on the resulting pulp purity and yield after extraction with IL/water, while the IL is 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([emim][OAc]). The raw materials were chosen from commercial alkaline kraft and acid sulfite paper and dissolving pulps prepared from both hardwood (HW) and softwood (SW). The extraction was followed by a filtration step to separate the cellulose and the hemicellulose fractions. The hemicelluloses were precipitated from the IL/water filtrate. In general, the Ioncell-P process proved to be more selective toward the removal of xylan as compared to glucomannan indicating that HW pulps are easier to purify than those of SW. It was possible to reach hig...