Long-Term Converse Magnetoelectric Response of Actuated 1-3 Multiferroic Composite Structures (original) (raw)
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Multiferroic magnetoelectric materials, which simultaneously exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, have recently stimulated a sharply increasing number of research activities for their scientific interest and significant technological promise in the novel multifunctional devices. Natural multiferroic single-phase compounds are rare, and their magnetoelectric responses are either relatively weak or occurs at temperatures too low for practical applications. In contrast, multiferroic composites, which incorporate both ferroelectric and ferri-/ferromagnetic phases, typically yield giant magnetoelectric coupling response above room temperature, which makes them ready for technological applications. This review of mostly recent activities begins with a brief summary of the historical perspective of the multiferroic magnetoelectric composites since its appearance in 1972. In such composites the magnetoelectric effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric substance. An electric polarization is induced by a weak ac magnetic field oscillating in the presence of a dc bias field, and/or a magnetization polarization appears upon applying an electric field. So far, three kinds of bulk magnetoelectric composites have been investigated in experimental and theoretical, i.e., composites of ͑a͒ ferrite and piezoelectric ceramics ͑e.g., lead zirconate titanate͒, ͑b͒ magnetic metals/alloys ͑e.g., Terfenol-D and Metglas͒ and piezoelectric ceramics, and ͑c͒ Terfenol-D and piezoelectric ceramics and polymer. The elastic coupling interaction between the magnetostrictive phase and piezoelectric phase leads to giant magnetoelectric response of these magnetoelectric composites. For example, a Metglas/lead zirconate titanate fiber laminate has been found to exhibit the highest magnetoelectric coefficient, and in the vicinity of resonance, its magnetoelectric voltage coefficient as high as 10 2 V / cm Oe orders has been achieved, which exceeds the magnetoelectric response of single-phase compounds by many orders of magnitude. Of interest, motivated by on-chip integration in microelectronic devices, nanostructured composites of ferroelectric and magnetic oxides have recently been deposited in a film-on substrate geometry. The coupling interaction between nanosized ferroelectric and magnetic oxides is also responsible for the magnetoelectric effect in the nanostructures as was the case in those bulk composites. The availability of high-quality nanostructured composites makes it easier to tailor their properties through epitaxial strain, atomic-level engineering of chemistry, and interfacial coupling. In this review, we discuss these bulk and nanostructured magnetoelectric composites both in experimental and theoretical. From application viewpoint, microwave devices, sensors, transducers, and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of the magnetoelectric composites. The review concludes with an outlook on the exciting future possibilities and scientific challenges in the field of multiferroic magnetoelectric composites.
Magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic composites with pseudo-1-3-type structure
2006
A pseudo-1-3-type multiferroic composite consisting of Pb͑Zr, Ti͒O 3 ͑PZT͒ rod array ͑with base͒ and Terfenol-D/epoxy matrix was prepared by the dice-and-fill technique. Simple series and parallel mixture rules well described the measured dielectric and piezoelectric constants. Large magnetoelectric coefficients were observed in the pseudo-1-3-type composite, e.g., over 300 mV/ cm Oe below 40 kHz and over 4500 mV/ cm Oe at resonant frequency. The magnetoelectric response strongly depends on the magnetostrictive behavior of the matrix and the volume fraction of PZT rods, which gives us two convenient ways to modify their magnetoelectric response. For this pseudo 1-3-type multiferroic composite, the remarkable magnetoelectric response and well-developed fabrication technique are advantageous for their practical applications in piezoelectric-magnetoelectric multifunctional devices and large bandwidth magnetic sensors.
Multiferroic magnetoelectric composites: Historical perspective, status, and future directions
Journal of Applied Physics, 2008
Multiferroic magnetoelectric materials, which simultaneously exhibit ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism, have recently stimulated a sharply increasing number of research activities for their scientific interest and significant technological promise in the novel multifunctional devices. Natural multiferroic single-phase compounds are rare, and their magnetoelectric responses are either relatively weak or occurs at temperatures too low for practical applications. In contrast, multiferroic composites, which incorporate both ferroelectric and ferri-/ferromagnetic phases, typically yield giant magnetoelectric coupling response above room temperature, which makes them ready for technological applications. This review of mostly recent activities begins with a brief summary of the historical perspective of the multiferroic magnetoelectric composites since its appearance in 1972. In such composites the magnetoelectric effect is generated as a product property of a magnetostrictive and a piezoelectric substance. An electric polarization is induced by a weak ac magnetic field oscillating in the presence of a dc bias field, and/or a magnetization polarization appears upon applying an electric field. So far, three kinds of bulk magnetoelectric composites have been investigated in experimental and theoretical, i.e., composites of ͑a͒ ferrite and piezoelectric ceramics ͑e.g., lead zirconate titanate͒, ͑b͒ magnetic metals/alloys ͑e.g., Terfenol-D and Metglas͒ and piezoelectric ceramics, and ͑c͒ Terfenol-D and piezoelectric ceramics and polymer. The elastic coupling interaction between the magnetostrictive phase and piezoelectric phase leads to giant magnetoelectric response of these magnetoelectric composites. For example, a Metglas/lead zirconate titanate fiber laminate has been found to exhibit the highest magnetoelectric coefficient, and in the vicinity of resonance, its magnetoelectric voltage coefficient as high as 10 2 V / cm Oe orders has been achieved, which exceeds the magnetoelectric response of single-phase compounds by many orders of magnitude. Of interest, motivated by on-chip integration in microelectronic devices, nanostructured composites of ferroelectric and magnetic oxides have recently been deposited in a film-on substrate geometry. The coupling interaction between nanosized ferroelectric and magnetic oxides is also responsible for the magnetoelectric effect in the nanostructures as was the case in those bulk composites. The availability of high-quality nanostructured composites makes it easier to tailor their properties through epitaxial strain, atomic-level engineering of chemistry, and interfacial coupling. In this review, we discuss these bulk and nanostructured magnetoelectric composites both in experimental and theoretical. From application viewpoint, microwave devices, sensors, transducers, and heterogeneous read/write devices are among the suggested technical implementations of the magnetoelectric composites. The review concludes with an outlook on the exciting future possibilities and scientific challenges in the field of multiferroic magnetoelectric composites.
Demagnetization Effect on the Magnetoelectric Response of Composite Multiferroic Cylinders
2021
Strain-mediated multiferroic composite structures are gaining scientific and technological attractions because of the promise of low power consumption and greater flexibility in material and geometry choices. In here, the direct magnetoelectric coupling coefficient (DME) of composite multiferroic cylinders, consisted of two mechanically bonded concentric cylinders, was analytically modeled under the influence of a radially emanating magnetic field. The analysis framework emphasized the effects of shear lag and demagnetization on the overall performance. The shear lag effect was analytically proven to have no bearing on the DME since it has no effect on the induced radial displacement due to the conditions imposed on the composite cylinder. The demagnetization effect was also thoroughly considered as a function of the imposed mechanical boundary conditions, geometrical dimensions of the composite cylinder, and the introduction of a thin elastic layer at the interface between the inne...
Magnetoelectric properties of multiferroic composites with pseudo 2-2 type multilayered structure
Chinese Physics, 2009
I. INTRODUCTION Multiferroic materials which are simultaneously ferroelectric and ferromagnetic have recently attracted much attention due to their interesting physics background and large potential applications in multifunctional devices, transducer, actuators, and sensors. 1 Multiferroic composites made by combining ferroelectric and ferromagnetic substances together have been rapidly developed for their excellent extrinsic magnetoelectric (ME) effect above room temperature. Magnetoelectric effect is characterized by the appearance of an electric polarization (ME H output) on applying a magnetic field or a magnetic polarization (ME E output) on applying an electric field. It is well known that ME effect is a product property deriving form the coupling between piezoelectric effect in ferroelectric constitute phase and magnetostrictive effect in ferromagnetic constitute phase. 2 That is, when a magnetic field is applied to the composites, the ferromagnetic phase changes its shape magnetostrictively, and the strain is passed along to the piezoelectric phase, resulting in a change of electric polarization. Using the concept of phase connectivity, 3 we can describe the structures of a two-phase composite as the notations like 0-3, 2-2 and 1-3 etc., in which each number denotes the connectivity of the phase. In multiferroic composites of
Journal of Electroceramics, 2007
Laminar piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites using piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate ceramics and the giant magnetostrictive rare-earth-iron alloy Terfenol-D were prepared by epoxy bonding. The direct and converse magnetoelectric (ME) effects at and off the mechanical resonant frequency were characterized and compared to the theoretical modelling. The mechanical resonant frequency of the composites depended on the sample orientation and the magnetic DC bias field. In the longitudinal configuration, the resonant frequency shifted down monotonically with the increasing bias field. When the sample was in the transverse configuration, the resonant frequency decreased with the increasing field at first. However, at higher bias, it shifted up with the increasing bias. A phenomenological model based on the ΔE effect of magnetostrictive materials is proposed to explain the observed phenomena.
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2009
A three-dimensional finite element method program is developed to investigate the magnetoelectric (ME) coupling in multiferroic composites. For a bilayer plate, we show that: (1) the electric potential in the piezoelectric layer induced by the magnetic potential is not uniform but exhibits concentration near the edge/corner of the plate; (2) the mechanically clamped boundary condition can enhance the ME effect by a factor of 10 as compared with the traction-free case; (3) the ME effect in a composite plate is always stronger than that in the corresponding composite beam; (4) a large aspect ratio of the plate corresponds to an increased ME effect; (5) the in-plane longitudinal ME effect is larger than the out-of-plane one.
Magnetoelectric Effect in Composites of Magnetostrictive and Piezoelectric Materials
In the past few decades, extensive research has been conducted on the magnetoelectric (ME) effect in single phase and composite materials. Dielectric polarization of a material under a magnetic field or an induced magnetization under an electric field requires the simultaneous presence of long-range ordering of magnetic moments and electric dipoles. Single phase materials suffer from the drawback that the ME effect is considerably weak even at low temperatures, limiting their applicability in practical devices. Better alternatives are ME composites that have large magnitudes of the ME voltage coefficient. The composites exploit the product property of the materials. The ME effect can be realized using composites consisting of individual piezomagnetic and piezoelectric phases or individual magnetostrictive and piezoelectric phases. In the past few years, our group has done extensive research on ME materials for magnetic field sensing applications and current measurement probes for high-power electric transmission systems. In this review article, we mainly emphasize our investigations of ME particulate composites and laminate composites and summarize the important results. The data reported in the literature are also compared for clarity. Based on these results, we establish the fact that magnetoelectric laminate composites (MLCs) made from the giant magnetostrictive material, Terfenol-D, and relaxor-based piezocrystals are far superior to the other contenders. The large ME voltage coefficient in MLCs was obtained because of the high piezoelectric voltage coefficient of the piezocrystals and large elastic compliances. In addition, an optimized thickness ratio between the piezoelectric and magnetostrictive phases and the direction of the magnetostriction also influence the magnitude of the ME coefficient.