Vilna under Power of the Russian Tsar (1655-1661): Faites of the City and its Citizens. Ph.D Thesis in History (In Russian) Вильна под властью русского царя (1655-1661): судьба города и горожан. Автореферат дисс....канд. ист. наук. СПб, 2012. (original) (raw)
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2018
The article describes a complex of activities of cultural-educational and scientific institutions, known as “public patronage of Kyiv region over the Stalin region”. The chronologically active phase of its implementation coincides with the years of the first five-year plan from 1929 to 1932. Further it was transformed into a social orders format. The aim of the research, based on the analysis of the periodicals of Kyiv, Stalin, Mariupol, Lugansk and the journal “News of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences”, was to investigate the cooperation between the Kyiv’s institutions and factories and the coalindustrial region of Ukraine – Donbas, which initially became the form of cultural charity assistance, subsequently turned into scientific and practical assistance to miners and metallurgists of the Donbas; to define the role of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in this process, which began on the wave of Ukrainization and the first f i v e y ea rs pl a n of i n du s t r i a l i za t i on . T he pa t ro na ge ra p i dl y tr an s f o rme d f ro m a pre domi n antl y e duca t i ona l and cul t ural t o a s c i ent if i c and p rac t i c al proj e ct on assistance in solving the problems of the development of industry in the Donbas. The need to maintain the pace of implementation of the plan’s tasks for the first five years of industrialization promoted the implementation of progressive technology development projects, strengthening the role of scientific institutions of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in the implementation of technical problems. Two main directions of the implementation of the cultural and scientific project have been investigated: activities of education and culture institutions on the final elimination of illiteracy, raising the level of culture in the region, and the practical contribution of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences scientific institutions to the development of the Donbas industry. In spite of the fact that the public patronage had many disadvantages: low level of planning, poor control over the realization of the obligations, the high ideology influence to the cultural component of patronage, it had a substantial positive result. All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, as the flagship of Ukrainian science, and its scientists made a significant contribution to the development of mechanization of production process in factories and mines of region, improvement of the state of occupational health and safety, the study of harmful working conditions in production, improvement of living conditions and improvement of sanitary standards of life of the population, etc. In addition to the development of industry, the scientists of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences activity made f great contribution to the development of the cultural sphere: the network of libraries and the development of the Stalin Local History Museum. A promising research direction to deepen and elaborate information on the participation of All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences institutions in Donbass assistance is the studied of archival documents of scientific archives of institutions that directly participated in the implementation of the scientific part of patronage. Keywords: All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences (VUAN), patronage, Donbas, D.K.Zabolotny, P.P.Kurinny, science, culture, museum.
John Cananus’ work about the siege and attack of Constantinople in the summer of 1422 by the Turks contains important material for image analysis. Relying on the aforementioned account of the events, the author analyzes the image of the enemy in the eyes of average defenders of the Capital of Byzantium. The research illustrates that the majority of the city dwellers, albeit unaware of the peculiarities of intellectuals’ anti-Islamic rhetoric, did understand that confrontation with the Islamic world could lead to a loss of their religious identity. Any conflict with Turks was perceived by the people of the epoch through the prism of religious confrontation. However, according to Cananus, the inhabitants of the city did not call Muslims profane or barbarous, and abstained from criticizing their cult or religious rules. The negative image of the enemy is created by alternative means. All the pejorative characteristics have to do with the moral and ethical characteristics of the adversary. Together with that, common Byzantines recognized their courage, bravery and military valor. Without depreciating the enemy’s power, they were ready to recognize the military advantage of the Turks. But it was this overpowering force of the enemy that made Constantinople’s defenders’ feat even more significant.
The first third of the 15th century was difficult and the most important period in formation of the Crimean Khanate. Despite the importance of the Crimea for the Golden Horde, it was rather peripheral district. The impossibility to control the situation on the peninsula has led to the fact that the Emir Idegei and his khans returned to the practice started by Toktamysh Khan at the end of the 14th century and allowed a local Chingizid Khan Bek-Sufi (from the genus of Tuka-Timur) to rule in the Crimea. As a ruler of the Crimean Ulus, Beck-Sufi Saray recognized the power of the Saray khans, whose governors were constantly in Solkhat. Khan Dawlet Berdi, brother of Beck-Sufi Khan, also received the approval from the Ulugh Muhammad Khan to rule in the Crimea, but tried to seize the power in the Golden Horde and lost. Thus, there is no reason to remove the date of the emergence of the Crimean khans and Crimean Khanate itself from 1442 to 1420. On the contrary to the accepted view of the active intervention of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Vytautas in the history of the Golden Horde, an objective analysis of the sources for the period of 1400–1430 does not confirm this.
На основе польских и русских источников автор статьи анализирует состав, политическую деятельность и значение «государева двора» королевича Владислава во время его похода на Москву в 1617–1618 гг. Ключевые слова: Владислав Ваза, Сигизмунд III, государев двор, боярская дума, Деулинское перемирие, Смутное время On the basis of Polish and Russian primary sources the author of the article analyzes the social composition, political activity and importance of the «Muscovite court» of Prince Wladyslaw Vasa during his campaign to Moscow during 1617–1618. Keywords: Wladyslaw Vasa, Sigismund III, the Court of Tsar/Muscovite court, the Boyar Duma, dyak, Deulino, Trubetskoy, Saltykov, Time of Troubles.