Yield and cold storage of Trichoderma conidia is influenced by substrate pH and storage temperature (original) (raw)
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Impact of Growth Conditions on the Viability of Trichoderma asperellum during Storage
Microorganisms
As excellent biocontrol agents and plant growth promoters, Trichoderma species are agriculturally important. Trichoderma spp. cultures can be produced using solid-state or submerged cultivation, the latter being much less labor intensive and easier to control and automate. The aim of the study was to investigate the ability to increase the shelf-life of T. asperellum cells by optimizing cultivation media and upscaling the submerged cultivation process. Four different cultivation media were used with or without the addition of Tween 80 and stored with or without incorporation into peat, and viability, expressed as CFU/g, was assessed during one year of storage in an industrial warehouse. The addition of Tween 80 had a positive effect on the biomass yield. The culture medium played a major role in the ability of the mycelium to produce spores, which in turn influenced the amount of CFU. This effect was less pronounced when the biomass was mixed with peat prior to storage. A procedure ...
2020
The purpose of this study was to determine effect of Trichoderma harzianum in different media and incubation time on color, pH and conidia density. The method used was laboratory experiment using nested Completly Random Design (CRD). Twelve treatments were deferentiated on four media for Trichoderma harzianum growth namely was PDA or Potato Dextrose Agar (P 1), molasses (P 2), Panicum maximum cv. mombaca (P 3) and Panicum maximum cv. mombaca + 5% molasses (P 4) nested to three incubation times namely 4, 7, and 10 days. The incubation time was 0 days for comparison before the inoculation. The variables observed were color, pH and Trichoderma harzianum conidia density. The color was analized as descriptive analysis, while pH and conidia density were analized using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that Trichoderma harzianum had different color based on different media and incubation time. Trichoderma harzianum inoculated in different media and incubation time gave highly significant effect (p<0.01) on pH and conidia density. The conclusion of this study were : 1) Panicum maximum cv. mombaca + 5% mollases gave the best result for Trichoderma harzianum growth media and 2) The increasing of incubation time could increase color, pH and conidia density.
Journal of Applied Biosciences, 2012
Objective : The study aimed to evaluate, optimize and determine optimal growth conditions for the control of plant pathogens using high conidia production of Trichoderma isolates on different agro- industrial wastes (wheat straw, tea wastes, vegetable wastes, coffee husk and barley bran) under solid state fermentation (SSF). Methodology and Results : The optimum temperature, pH, moisture content, incubation period, inoculums size, inoculums load and effect of light were optimized for maximum conidia production of Trichoderma isolates. Among seven isolates of Trichoderma only isolates AUT1, AUT2, AUT4 and AUT7 which produced better conidia on potato dextrose agar medium (PDA) were taken for further study in this experiment. Among the substrates tested, wheat straw supported high conidia production of Trichoderma isolates AUT1, AUT2 and AUT4 (105± 5×10 8 conidia/g of substrate, 117±3.5×10 8 conidia/g of substrate and 144±6×10 8 conidia/g of substrate respectively), followed by tea was...
Nine organic substrates viz., rice grains, sorghum grains, wheat grains, millet grains, wheat straw, rice husk, cow dung, sawdust, and poultry manure were used for mass multiplication of Trichoderma harzianum. Of these, sorghum grains followed by millet grains were the best substrates. The poultry manure appeared to be the most unsuitable substrate, whereas rice grains, wheat grains, wheat straw, and rice husk performed moderately well. Sucrose was the best carbon source and supported the highest colony growth of T. harzianum on Czapek's Agar plates. Similarly, ammonium nitrate at 3,000 ppm appeared to be the most suitable nitrogen source and produced the highest colony growth as well as abundant conidia. A combined use of sucrose at 30,000 ppm as carbon source, and ammonium nitrate at 3,000 ppm as nitrogen source significantly enhanced the mycelial growth and conidial production by T. harzianum in wheat straw, rice husk, and millet grains, whereas, in sorghum grains and rice gr...
Three Trichoderma isolates were obtained from sandy soils collected at the “Gran Desierto de Altar” in the northwest of Mexico and characterized by morphologic and molecular analyses as Trichoderma harzianum 8.4, Trichoderma asperellum 12-2 and Trichoderma asperellum BP60. Isolate T. asperellum BP60 inhibited Setophoma terrestris, grew above 50°C, and produced chitinases and siderophores, therefore it was chosen to obtain enough biomass and conidia for field applications. Conidia production was intended in liquid culture fermentation using food grade ingredients and agricultural fertilizers. Assays were done using baffled Erlenmeyer flasks containing 75 mL of culture media, kept under constant agitation at 150 RPM, with initial pH adjusted to 6.5 (NaOH 1N) at 28 ± 2°C and evaluated at 3, 6, 9 and 12 days after inoculation (DAI). Among the carbon sources, sucrose and vinaze; the former induced higher yields of biomass and conidia. Regarding Nitrogen sources, the fertilizer (NH4) NO3 induced higher conidia yield. V8 juice (V8) induced the highest effect on production of both biomass and conidia. Therefore, maximum yield was 1.06 × 109 conidia.mL-1, with the formulation with 5 g of KH2PO4 (MKP, Greenhow®), 1.3 g of MgSO4•7H2O (Sul-Mag, Peñoles®), 20 mg of FeCl3•6H2O (Fermont®), 150 ml of V8, 10 ml of vinaze and 2.5 g.L-1 of (NH4)NO3. Results presented here prove the potential for using an alternative, low cost, liquid media to produce conidia of T. asperellum.
EFFECTS OF PH AND ECW ON GROWTH AND SPORULATION OF 34 LOCAL TRICODERMA SPP
The influence of three levels of pH and degrees of ECw on the radial growth and sporulation of 34 local isolates of Trichoderma spp. were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The pH used were 4, 6 and 8 while, the ECw were 12.92, 14.30 and 17.8 Siemens per meter (ds/m) respectively. The data obtained showed that pH 6 was the optimum degree of growth parameters while pH 8 showed significant reduction (p< 0.05) in the growth parameters compared to pH 4. The results also revealed that ECw 17.8 ds/m significantly reduced (p< 0.05) the growth parameters compared to ECw 12.92 and 14.30 ds/m. Thus, the results obtained elucidated the importance of reduction in biocontrol activity of fungus in saline-alkali soil.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2018
Trichoderma harzianum is a biocontrol agent that has moderate effect on soil balance and no harmful effect on other beneficial organisms in the soil. In this study we examined the effect of pH and temperature on the mycelia growth and spore yield of T. harzianum in batch and fed-batch culture. The pH and temperature had significant effect on the growth and sporulation of T. harzianum and this was dependent on the cultivation technique. It was observed that the optimum pH for maximum mycelial growth and spore yield produced by T. harzianum in batch and fed-batch cultures was pH 4 while the optimum temperature for mycelial growth in batch and fed-batch culture was 30 oC and the maximum spore yield was produced at optimum temperature of 25 oC and 45 oC in batch and fed- batch culture respectively. The results showed that fed-culture produced more spore yield than batch culture while high mycelial growth was obtained in batch culture. This work has revealed the important role that environmental conditions plays in the mycelia growth and spore yield of T. harzianum, a biocontrol agent. Keywords: Trichoderma harzianum, Batch culture, Fed-batch culture, pH, Temperature