In vitro anti-inflammatory activity of Lycopus europaeus Linn. (original) (raw)
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Aims: To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract of Lycopus europaeus on experimental animal models. Methodology: The analgesic activity was evaluated by hot plate, acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced writhing method in Swiss Albino mice divided into 4 different groups (control, standard diclofenac sodium and extract at two different doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW). The extract was also investigated for the anti-inflammatory effect on Long Evans rats using carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. For anti-inflammatory study, 24 rats were divided into 4 different groups each receiving either distilled water, standard drug or the extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids. The extract elicited a highly significant (p<0.001) analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner on hot plate method, acetic acid induced writhing test an...
To evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of methanolic extract of Lycopus europaeus on experimental animal models. Methodology: The analgesic activity was evaluated by hot plate, acetic acid induced writhing and formalin induced writhing method in Swiss Albino mice divided into 4 different groups (control, standard diclofenac sodium and extract at two different doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW). The extract was also investigated for the anti-inflammatory effect on Long Evans rats using carrageenan induced rat paw edema method. For anti-inflammatory study, 24 rats were divided into 4 different groups each receiving either distilled water, standard drug or the extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW. Results: Phytochemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids and terpenoids. The extract elicited a highly significant (p<0.001) analgesic activity in a dose dependent manner on hot plate method, acetic acid induced writhing test and also on both the early and late phases of formalin test at the doses employed. In the hot plate method, the extract increased the reaction time of heat sensation to 60.81% and 66.52% at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg BW respectively while that of the standard drug was 57.40% at the 3rd hour of study. In acetic acid induced writhing test, the percent inhibition of writhing response by the extract was 62.87% and 70.66% at 250 and 500 mg/kg doses respectively (p<0.001) which were even better than the standard drug diclofenac sodium (50.30%). The extract also significantly inhibited the licking response at the dose of 500 mg/kg in both the early phase (55.11%, p<0.01) and the late phase (66.43%, p<0.01) of formalin test while the standard drug inhibited by 52.27% and 72.03%, respectively. The oral administration of the extract significantly (p<0.001) inhibited inflammatory response induced by carrageenan in a dose dependent fashion. The most prominent inhibition of 61.68% (250 mg/kg) and 73.65% (500 mg/kg) were observed at the 4th hour of study. Conclusion: The central and peripheral analgesic as well as anti-inflammatory effect of the methanolic extract of Lycopus europaeus may be due to the presence of various chemical constituents specially flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids or terpenoids. These experimental findings would further establish the scientific basis of the traditional uses of the plant in the management and/or control of pain as well as inflammatory conditions.
In nt te er rn na at ti io on na al l J Jo ou ur rn na al l o of f P Ph ha ar rm ma a S Sc ci ie en nc ce es s ABSTRACT The wound healing activity of topically applied methanol extract of Lycopus europaeus was evaluated in wistar rat by excision wound model for a period of 12 days. The extract was prepared as ointment form (5 and 10% w/w) and applied on Wistar rats. Neomycin ointment 0.5%w/w was used as standard drug. The healing of the wound was assessed by the rate of wound contraction, period of epithelialisation, skin breaking strength. Both the ointments (5% and 10% w/w) of Lycopus europaeus extract promoted the wound-healing activity significantly when compared to the standard drug. High rate of wound contraction, decrease the period for epithelialisation, high skin breaking strength were observed in animals treated with 10% w/w extract ointment when compared to the control group of animals. So methanol extract of Lycopus europaeus in the form of 10% ointment promote wound-healing activity better than the former concentration, 5%. The result obtained from this study indicates that methanol extract of Lycopus europaeus accelerates the wound healing process by decreasing the surface area of the wound. The efficacy of this plant in wound healing may be due to its epithelization, thereby justifying the traditional claim.
Asian Journal of Biological and Life Sciences, 2018
Introduction: Lycopodiella cernua is a widely distributed species recognized for several uses in traditional medicine. Although relatively common in the wild, relevant pharmacological data on Philippine L. cernua population seems scanty despite its use in traditional medicine among some of the country's tribal groups. Objectives: The study aims to validate the medicinal potential as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant to strengthen traditional claims of L. cernua. Materials and Methods: Crude methanolic extraction was done for aerial and ground parts of Lycopodiella cernua. The extracts were measured for total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) with Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was also determined based on DPPH radical scavenging activity relative to ascorbic acid. Antiinflammatory activity was detected by enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX-2 and COX-1) inhibition assays. Moreover, cytotoxicity tests of extracts against neonatal human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKn) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line were done using MTT assays. Results and Discussion: Phenolics (aerial: 33.04 ± 2.82 mg GAE/g; ground: 4.91 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids contents (aerial: 11.46 ± 7.19 µg QE/g; ground: 5.82 ± 5.09 µg QE/g) were relatively low. DPPH radical scavenging activity was also relatively low (aerial: 19.13 ± 0.88 %; ground: 12.21 ± 0.9 %). However, COX-2 inhibition activity of the ground parts was 74.78 ± 18.61%. Moreover, the COX-2: COX-1 ratio of 1.29 of the aerial parts suggests selectivity for COX-2. Both extracts were found nontoxic against HEKn normal cell lines and A549 cancer cell lines. Conclusion: L. cernua is nontoxic and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.
2012
Inflammation is initiated as a healing process by the tissue in response to an injury by pathogens, irritants or cell damage. Anti-inflammatory drugs do have their side-effects. The focus of research studies is upon the use of medicinal plants as anti-inflammatory agents over the past years. In the present study, 80% alcoholic extract of leaves of Aloe vera, Bacopa monnieri, Moringa oleifera and rhizome of Zingiber officinale was used to prepare a Herbal Preparation (HP-4 of 100 mg /10ml methanol concentration). Different concentrations ofHP-4 was used to study the in-vitro anti-inflammatory activities in terms of effect of hypotonic solution –induced haemolysis on RBC membrane stabilization and effect of inhibition of protein denaturation activity .Acetylsalicylic acid was used as reference drug which showed comparable anti-inflammatory activity as compared to control sample in which no drug was used. It was found that HP-4 has dose dependent RBC membrane stabilization and inhibiti...
Molecules, 2020
The compositions of leaf infusions of three genotypes of Lycopus europaeus L. with origins in central Europe, namely L. europaeus A (LeuA), L. europaeus B (LeuB), and L. europaeus C (LeuC), and one genotype of L. exaltatus (Lex), were examined by LC-MS-DAD (Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Diode Array Detection) analysis. This revealed the presence of thirteen compounds belonging to the groups of phenolic acids and flavonoids, with a predominance of rosmarinic acid (RA) and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide (LGlr). The antimicrobial activity of leaf infusions was tested on the collection strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and on the clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains. We detected higher activity against Gram-positive bacteria, of which the most susceptible strains were those of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant and poly-resistant strains. Furthermore, we examined the antioxidant activity of leaf infusions using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydraz...
In vitro assessment on anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidemic properties of selected plant species
Bioresources, 2024
Preliminary assessment for anti-inflammatory and anti-lipidemic properties was done with different solvent extracts derived from Urtica urens and Polygonum chinense leaves through in vitro experimentation. To evaluate anti-inflammatory properties, the stability of human red blood cells membranes and the denaturation activity of proteins were assessed. For anti-lipidemic effects, an assay was conducted to measure the inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. The results of membrane stabilization showed IC50 values of 480.96 ± 0.02 and 319.41 ± 0.19 µg/mL for ethyl acetate extract of U. urens and P. chinense, respectively. The standard drug Diclofenac sodium exhibited IC50 value of 240.37 ± 0.04 µg/mL. For protein denaturation, IC50 values were determined as 221.75 ± 0.2 and 315.76 ± 0.19 µg/mL for U. urens and P. chinense, respectively. The IC50 value of the standard drug was calculated as 126.7 ± 0.34. The IC50 values towards HMG-CoA reductase inhibition were subsequently determined as 29.84 ± 0.35 µg/mL for U. urens and 24.34 ± 0.04 µg/mL for P. chinense against the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (7.52 ± 0.43 µg/mL). GC-MS chromatograms revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in ethyl acetate extract of P. chinense leaves. This work is substantiation for the traditional therapeutic utilization of these extracts.
Journal of ethnopharmacology, 2018
Lycium europaeum Linn. is widely used to treat the burning of the skin and well-known as a medicinal plant having various biological activities. The purpose of the present study is to characterize the polysaccharide from L. europaeum L. leaves (LEP) and to explore its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepato-nephroprotective properties. The structural and functional characteristics of LEP were investigated using X-ray diffraction techniques (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and FT-IR Spectroscopy. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays. Hepato-renal effects were studied using CCl and cisplatin-induced liver and kidney injuries in mice, respectively. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed on carrageenan-induced paw edema. The LEP showed an interesting water-holding capacity and effective foaming and emulsifying properties. XRD analysis suggested that LEP form a semi-crystalline polymer with an amor...
Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 2018
Objective: The objective of the present work is to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of medicinal plants. The extent and correlation between anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity have been studied.Method: Methanolic and aqueous extracts of five medicinal plants, namely, Ficus racemosa, Aloe vera, Cannabis sativa, Datura stramonium, and Calotropis gigantean have been taken for in vitro anti-inflammatory and total antioxidant activity.Result: The study showed that the inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation was maximum in aqueous extract of A. vera with 97.55±1.45%. Proteinase inhibitory action of different plant extracts showed significant action and was found to be maximum in aqueous extract of D. stramonium with 87.89±2.58%. Heat-induced hemolysis showed that maximum inhibition was with aqueous extract of F. racemosa with 90.72±3.33%. When hypotonicity-induced hemolysis activity was done it was found maximum in methanolic extract of C. gigante...
Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, 2011
Bacopa monniera also referred to as Bacopa monnieri, Herpestis monniera, water hyssop, and "Brahmi," has been used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for centuries. Phytochemical analysis of B. monniera plant extracts revealed the presence of various biochemical compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides,bacosides, triterpenoids and saponins etc. Since triterpenoids and flavonoids have remarkable anti inflammatory activity, so our present work aims at evaluating the in vitro anti inflammatory activity of B. monniera by HRBC membrane stabilization. The inhibition of hypotonicity induced HRBC membrane lysis was taken as a measure of the anti inflammatory activity. The percentage of membrane stabilisation for methanolic extracts and Diclofenac sodium were done at different concentrations. The maximum percentage of membrane stabilization and hemolysis of B. monniera extracts were found to be 92.92±1.41% and 7.08±1.17% at a dose of 2000 ìg/ml respectively, when compared to standard Diclofenac sodium was found out to be 98.76±1.26% and 1.24±0.87% at a dose of 2000 µg/ml respectively .Therefore, our studies support the isolation and the use of active constituents from B. monniera in treating inflammations.