Via-less electromagnetic band-gap-enabled antenna based on textile material for wearable applications (original) (raw)
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Enhancement of Gain and Bandwidth using EBG Structure for Textile Antenna
International journal of applied engineering research, 2018
In this paper, Rectangular Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) Structure and multiple slots on patch are proposed to improve the gain and bandwidth of the Textile antenna. The EBG structure is sandwiched between the patch and the ground plane. A Single band textile antenna has a resonant frequency of 5 GHz used for IEEE802.11a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) applications. Four slots are created on the hexagonal patch, so the patch shape appears like WiFi symbol. For this antenna, jeans fabric is used as substrate. The design is simulated using HFSS software.
Dual-Band Wearable Textile Antenna on an EBG Substrate
—Performance of a dual-band coplanar patch antenna integrated with an electromagnetic band gap substrate is described. The antenna structure is made from common clothing fabrics and operates at the 2.45 and 5 GHz wireless bands. The design of the coplanar antenna, band gap substrate, and their integration is presented. The band gap array consists of just 3 3 elements but reduces radiation into the body by over 10 dB and improves the antenna gain by 3 dB. The performance of the antenna under bending conditions and when placed on the human body are presented. Index Terms—Body-worn antennas, dual-band antennas, electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) materials, printed antennas, textile antennas.
A High Performance All-Textile Wearable Antenna for Wristband Application
Micromachines
A compact, conformal, all-textile wearable antenna is proposed in this paper for the 2.45 GHz ISM (Industrial, Scientific and Medical) band. The integrated design consists of a monopole radiator backed by a 2 × 1 Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) array, resulting in a small form factor suitable for wristband applications. An EBG unit cell is optimized to work in the desired operating band, the results of which are further explored to achieve bandwidth maximization via floating EBG ground. A monopole radiator is made to work in association with the EBG layer to produce the resonance in the ISM band with plausible radiation characteristics. The fabricated design is tested for free space performance analysis and subjected to human body loading. The proposed antenna design achieves bandwidth of 2.39 GHz to 2.54 GHz with a compact footprint of 35.4 × 82.4 mm2. The experimental investigations reveal that the reported design adequately retains its performance while operating in close proximit...
Improving Parameters of Wearable Antenna Using EBG Structure
SINDH UNIVERSITY RESEARCH JOURNAL -SCIENCE SERIES, 2018
The wearable antenna plays a vital role in the wireless communication like Personal Area Network and Body Area Network. This is need of the hour to design a low profile, low cost, acceptable Specific Absorption Rate value, high gain, high directivity and power efficient wearable antenna for the mentioned fields of wireless communication. This paper presents an optimal solution to address the issues in the field of wearable antenna. The Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure has been integrated with the patch on the flexible substrate of polyurethane. Different parameters of wearable antenna have been improved using the EBG structure. Gain of this structure has been improved from 5.32dBi to 7.17dBi, directivity has been enhanced from 6.69dBi to 7.82dBi and efficiency has been increased from 69% to 88.87%. The results have been shown in detail in this paper.
International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields, 2019
In this paper, four different models of a 2.4 GHz flexible microstrip patch wearable antenna are designed and analyzed. The basic geometry of the radiating element of the antennas is a rectangular patch and is backed by conventional, mushroom-type, slotted, and spiral electromagnetic band gap (EBG) ground planes. A 3-mm-thick wash cotton textile is used as a substrate material in the design of the antennas as well as EBG surfaces. An electro-textile (Zelt) is used as a conductive material for the proposed antennas. The performance of these antennas is analyzed in terms of return loss, gain, bandwidth efficiency, and specific absorption rate (SAR) using Computer Simulation Technology Microwave Studio (CST MWS). The designed antennas are further investigated for on and off body conditions under normal and bent states. The experimental results show that the antennas radiate with an adequate gain (5.72-7.3 dB), bandwidth (65.43-103.1 MHz), and efficiency (55.51%-74.04%), depending on the type of the ground plane used. The antenna backed by the mushroom-type EBG gives the smallest value of SAR (1.79 W/kg < 2 W/kg), which makes it a suitable candidate for body worn applications in the unlicensed industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band.
Eight Shape Electromagnetic Band Gap Structure for Bandwidth Improvement of Wearable Antenna
Progress In Electromagnetics Research C
In this paper, a rectangular eight shaped Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure at 5.8 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band for wearable application is proposed with intent to improve the impedance bandwidth of antenna. The unit cell of an EBG structure is formed using eight shape on outer ring with inner square patches. The simulation of the eight shape EBG unit cell is carried out using eigen mode solution of Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Simulated results are validated by experimental results. The application of proposed EBG for an inverse E-shape monopole antenna at 5.8 GHz is also demonstrated. Band stop property of EBG structure reduces surface waves, and therefore, the back lobe of a wearable antenna is reduced. The frequency detuning of antenna takes place due to high losses in human body. Suitably designed EBG structure reduces this undesirable effect and also improves front to back ratio. The proposed compact antenna with designed EBG has observed the impedance bandwidth of 5.60 GHz to 6.15 GHz which covers 5.8 GHz ISM band. Evaluation of antenna performance under bending condition and on-body condition is carried out. Effectiveness of EBG array structure for Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) reduction on three layer body model is demonstrated by simulations. Calculated values of SAR for tissue in 1 g and 10 g are both less than the limitations. In conclusion, it is appropriate to use the proposed antenna in wearable applications.
Inverted E-Shaped Wearable Textile Antenna for Medical Applications
IEEE Access, 2017
A miniaturized textile antenna is designed and demonstrated for ISM band applications at 2.4 GHz. The proposed antenna uses appropriate loading of a rectangular slot/notch with a strip line inserted to form an inverted E-shaped antenna. The structure is simple, compact and easy to manufacture using only fabric material. The antenna size is 75% smaller than a conventional antenna. When the antenna is subjected to bending, its performance proves sustainable under deformation. Each slot/notch and strip line is translated to its equivalent circuit and then integrated to form the whole equivalent circuit of the proposed antenna. The results from the equivalent circuits and simulation show acceptable agreement. The proposed antenna shows an improvement of size miniaturization of 30 × 20 × 0.7 mm 3 and demonstrates an impedance bandwidth of 15% and efficiency of 79%, showing that the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for incorporation into wearable systems. INDEX TERMS Miniaturized antenna, ISM band, microstrip, textile, wearable antenna.
Design and experimental evaluation of a novel on‐body textile antenna for unicast applications
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 2019
A symmetric multilayered embroidered textile antenna is proposed in this article. The proposed antenna is designed at industrial, scientific, and medical band frequency of 2.45 GHz, to be used as a wearable made of Zari and cotton cloth. An end-to-end slot has been introduced to improve return loss and efficiency. The four-layered antenna is fabricated using conventional embroidery and the layers are sewn together to form the entire structure. Measurements on the fabricated antenna are performed to validate the characteristics of the structure in bent, crumpled, and wet conditions. Results with regard to return loss, gain, bandwidth, and radiation pattern were presented to prove the usefulness of the structure. Furthermore, the antenna was integrated with Arduino Uno development board and tested for data transmission as a wearable system.
This paper aims to design textile microstrip patch antennas on three different high performance fabric materials as substrates and a conventional patch antenna on FR-4 (PCB) substrate, imposed on human body environment for wireless body area network (WBAN) applications. It also compares the performance of the designed antennas at the on and off body environment. These antennas operate on ISM 2.45 GHz frequency band. Electro textile materials, Panama fabric (ε r = 2.12), Fleece (ε r =2.22) and Dacron fabric (ε r =3) as well as PCB material (ε r =4.3) are used as the antenna substrates. A human body model having three layers (skin, fat and muscle) is then developed and the antennas are applied on this body model to investigate their characteristics and performance and also the impact of human body layers on these antennas.
Design of Wearable Patch Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks
International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 2018
Wireless body area networks are being widely used due to the increase in the use of wireless networks and various electrical devices. A Wearable Patch antenna is used for enhancement of various applications for WBAN. In this paper, a low profile wearable microstrip patch antenna is designed and suggested for constant observation of human vital signs such as blood pressure, pulse rate and body temperature using wireless body area network (WBAN) technology. The operating frequency of the antenna is taken as 2.45 GHz which lies in industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) frequency band. Polyester textile fabric with a relative permittivity of 1.44 and thickness of 2.85 mm is used as a substrate material. The proposed antenna is designed to achieve better return loss, VSWR, gain and low value of specific absorption rate (SAR) as compare to other existing wearable antenna. The achieved antenna return loss at 2.45 GHz is about-10.52 dB and gain of 7.81 dB. The VSWR value achieved at 2.45 GHz is 1.84, which is good in terms of good impedance matching. Other antenna field parameters like 2D and 3D gain, radiation pattern, and SAR value have been calculated. High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) is used to design and simulate the proposed antenna.