COVERAGE AREA OF DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION BROADCAST NETWORK IN NIGERIA: A Case Study of Jos and its Environs (original) (raw)
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Heliyon, 2020
This study investigated the propagation curves and coverage areas of some Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcast Stations (DTTBS) over four climatic zones of coastal (Lagos), tropical rain forest (Akure), Sudan Savannah (Kaduna) and Sahel Savannah (Katsina) cities of Nigeria. Measurement of the Received Signal Strength (RSS) was carried out along different routes with each of the DTTBS as reference points. Measurements of RSS were carried out using two specified antenna receiver heights of 1.5 and 3.0 m for each data point. The GPS receiver was used to measure the geographic coordinates, elevation and Line of Sight (LOS) of data points along the routes in a drive test. Measurement was done during dry and wet season months at 1 km interval up to about 20 km in each of the selected routes covering a period of three years (2016-2018). Mean data were obtained and used to generate the propagation curves and the coverage areas over the study locations. Generally, results revealed that RSS undulates with LOS separation distance from DTTBS in all routes irrespective of seasons and routes. Particularly, RSS reduces to about half of its base station's value at about 8 and 12 km LOS from the DTTBS in Akure and Katsina respectively while, it reduces to about half of its base station's value at about 6 km from the DTTBS in Lagos and Kaduna. The implication of this is that higher coverage areas were obtained in suburban compared to urban cities. In addition, radial maps showing coverage areas and their grades useful for networking purposes were generated. Television White Spaces (TVWS) for secondary users were also proposed. For networking purposes and spatial arrangements of DTTBS that will ensure optimum coverage over the study locations, DTTBS can be sited at 8.0 and 13.5 km (LOS) interval from each other in urban and sub urban cities respectively. The overall results will enable system engineers to know the appropriate distance(s) and locations to site additional DTTBS for networking purposes and prepare power budget for optimum coverage area and good quality of services for terrestrial digital channels.
International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications
The Government of Nigeria in the year 2016 switched from analog television broadcasting to digital terrestrial television broadcasting with the focus of providing reliable quality of television services to users. Regardless of the advantages of digital Terrestrial television system over analog television and efforts make by Nigeria Government to improve broadcasting, Signal reception is observed to be very poor. Therefore, this study aimed at monitoring, evaluating and mitigating environmental factors that cause signal degradation as well as attempting to provide solutions that will enhance the reception of signal even under severe environmental conditions. The transmitted signal of digital Terrestrial television was measured and received under different environmental features within the coverage area. The antenna radiation field was divided into four distinct regions (North-East, North-west, South-east and South-west of the transmitter) where the characteristics of the radiated wav...
Journal of Computer and Communications
Dissemination of information to citizens is a relevant component of governance. Expectedly, viewers tuned to broadcast stations within and outside their localities, expecting their receivers to faithfully reproduce the exact features of the transmitted signal. Akpabuyo is a dense forest zone near the creeks leading to the Atlantic ocean in Cross River State, Nigeria. The location has distinct environmental characteristics that made Akpabuyo Area Council, a challenging location to propagate electromagnetic waves; and therefore recipe for further investigation. Radio frequency analyzer, with 24 channels spectrum, ranging between 46 -870 MHz (model: RO.VE.R.-"DLM3-T") was deployed to capture signals from terrestrial television stations (TV). CATV measured signal of TV stations in dB, dBμV and dBmV. Its frequency ranged from 40 -860 MHz; while varying from channel 1 to channel 69. Measurements taken from Akpabuyo L.G.A. showed the following results: the signal strength received from VHF Channel 11 ranged from 20 dBμV to 49 dBμV. From recorded empirical statistics from the study, 50% of the area received signal from this station above 30 dBμV, while other regions had signals below this value; representing the fringe zone of the frequency. The results obtained from the study relatively showed acceptance with Egli's model. The study recorded a steady fluctuation between 17 dBμV and 19 dBμV from both propagating stations. However, Channel 27 signal at 519 MHz, had very weak signal coverage in Akpabuyo Local Government Area; with signal strength dropped to as low as 13 dB in many parts of the rural area. The study discovered that the state's broadcasting stations, both at UHF and VHF channels did not transmit successfully across this densely forest (rural) location. Remedial measures such as installing Repeater stations at different locations as signal booster were recommended.
Television Broadcasting Transmission in Nigeria: Application of Technical Data for Re-Planning
This paper evaluates the reliability of The International Radio Consultative Co mmittee (CCIR) curves in Nigeria for television signal broadcast planning by determining the practical broadcast coverage of seven television stations in Lagos State to identify the reach of their transmission and determine the geographical zones where frequency allocated can be re-used. The field strength meter was utilized to take electrical field strength of the transmitted signal of each station in several locations in Lagos State. The result shows that the CCIR curves are not totally reliable for television broadcast planning. For effect ive television broadcast planning, television broadcast zones should cover broader geographical areas for proper frequency re-use.
ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering
Due to the increasing demand of services and content, Quality of Service (QoS) has become an important aspect in digital broadcasting industry especially with the implementation of Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) in Malaysia. Thus, the performance of DVB-T2 in Malaysia should be investigated because there are areas which are not in the coverage due to variety of terrain, where some areas received weak DVB-T2 signals. Apart from geological and topographic factors in Malaysia, the selection of DVB-T2 parameters is also an important factor in determining signal strength and coverage This research has proposed to study the performance analysis of DVB-T2 propagation for fixed reception in Malaysia's central region. The Field Strength Measurement (FSM) was set up to evaluate the QoS of DVB-T2 signal such as Field Strength (E), Modulation Error Ratio (MER), and Carrier to Noise Ratio (C/N) at specific test points across Malaysia's central region. The FSM was simulated at the d...
Studying digital terrestrial TV coverage
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This article presents the development of numerical models to simulate the propagation of the TV signal, and a set of measurements of the electromagnetic signal to adjust the models. These tools have been devised to help in the deployment of digital television, ISDB-Tb standard, in Uruguay. The aim is a country coverage as wide as possible. A good estimation of the signal propagation shall be used to choose the best places for transmitters, the transmission modes and to give guidelines for reception antennas installation. The implemented models, which are well known, are briefly described. The measuring method is more thoroughly described as there is no established procedure and the spectrum analyzer's settings are discussed. Spatial validation, using neighbouring points is proposed. The measuring method is validated both by its coincidence with the Friis formula for free space propagation, when this condition arises, and by the consistency between neighbouring points. Okumura-Hata and Recommendation ITU-R P.1546-4 models are well suited for coverage prediction in Montevideo using certain parameters that are justified in the article. The statistical analysis of the set of data issued from the campaign is presented and discussed.
Quantitative estimation of TV white space in Southwest Nigeria
Telecommunication Computing Electronics and Control, 2021
The demand for bandwidth has increased in recent years with the advent of new technologies in the wireless systems which have resulted into spectrum crunch. Utilizing the free ultra high frequency (UHF), television (TV) channels also known as TV white space (TVWS) has been proposed as a strategy for increasing spectral efficiency. Deploying TVWS requires the knowledge of the estimate of the available TVWS. In this paper, a quantitative estimation of the available TVWS in South West, Nigeria is computed using the protection view point approach, the pollution viewpoint approach and the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) rule. Results from the estimation shows that the pollution view point approach will guarantee enough protection from the primary users and hence prevent interference from the secondary users. The findings also reveal that there are abundant TVWS in the considered states for the deployment of TVWS devices.
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This study presents the modeling of the distribution of RF intensities from the Digital Terrestrial Television (DTTV) broadcasting transmitter in Kampala metropolitan. To achieve this, the performance evaluation of the different path loss propagation models and envisaging the one most suitable for Kampala metropolitan was done by comparing the path loss model values with the measured field Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) values. The RSRP of the DTTV broadcasting transmitter were measured at operating frequencies of 526 MHz, 638 MHz, 730 MHz and 766 MHz using the Aaronia Spectran HF-6065 V4 spectrum analyzer, Aaronia AG HyperLOG 4025 Antenna at 1.5 m and 2.5 m heights, Aaronia GPS Logger, real time Aaronia MCS spectrum-analysis-software and a T430s Lenovo Laptop. On comparing the measured path loss values with the various path loss prediction model values, results showed that Egli and Davidson models are the most accurate and reliable path loss prediction models for the...
The ability to predict the minimum power a transmitter must radiate to give an acceptable quality of coverage over a predetermined service area is very imperative. This work adapted some field strength models that are best suitable for Makurdi city in Benue State, Nigeria. Some existing field strength models are optimised to suit Makurdi city using a VHF television signal of Nigeria Television Authority (NTA), Makurdi. The models are free space, Hata, ITU-R P.529-3 and ERC Report 68 models. NTA, Makurdi transmits at a frequency of 210.25 MHz for video signal. Measurement of the video signal levels was done along four radial routes from the transmitting station. A digital signal level meter and Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the signal level of the transmitted signal from the station along these routes and to measure the corresponding distances away from the base of the transmitting antenna respectively. The results obtained, after processing and computation of t...
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