A Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Using Erbium:YAG Laser-Activated Irrigation, Sonic Irrigation, and Manual Dynamic Irrigation: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study (original) (raw)
Related papers
2015
Introduction-Debridement is the aim of and also a big challenge to endodontic treatment especially in the apical portion of the root canal. Because of the complexity of the root canal anatomy and the limitations of instrumentation, irrigation has gained increasing attention and one improvement in this respect is irrigant activation. The aim of this study is to Compare the cleaning efficacy of conventional syringe irrigation ,Endovac and Laser in removing smear layer from the root canal wall using scanning electron microscope.Material and method-30 single rooted premolar teeth with root length 17mm were decoronated and Root canals were instrumented using crown-down technique and three groups were assigned.Group 1-Irrigation activation with conventional syringe, Group 2-Irrigation activation with LASER Device, Group 3 irrigation activation with Endovac. Results & Statistical Analysis,-data analysis was done by Kruskal-Wallis statistical test and Mann Whitney U-test at significance level of P ≤ 0.05 which was found to be 0.04 at apical third. Conclusions It could be concluded that the apical negative pressure system (EndoVac) used in the study is significantly more effective than the Conventional syringe irrigation and Diode Laser in removal of smear layer in apical third.
Microscopy and Microanalysis, 2013
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of smear layer removal from teeth following root canals using lasers (Er:YAG and Nd:YAG), NaOCl, 17% EDTA, and MTAD by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Root canals were irrigated with 3 mL of 5.25% NaOCl after each file. Teeth were randomly divided into five groups. In the final irrigation, canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl (Group 1, control), 17% EDTA (Group 2), or BioPure MTAD (Group 3). Laser groups were irradiated with Er:YAG laser (1.8 W, 120 mJ, 15 Hz) (Group 4) or Nd:YAG laser (1 W, 100 mJ, 15 Hz) (Group 5). The smear layer at the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of each root canal was imaged using SEM. Smear layer removal by EDTA was the most effective in all regions. The difference between EDTA and MTAD was statistically significant in the coronal and middle (p < 0.05), but not the apical (p > 0.05), regions. The difference between the control and laser groups was not statistically significant (p > 0.05)....
International Journal of Dentistry Research, 2020
Introduction: Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) remains gold standard as a result of its antimicrobial effect and tissue dissolution properties, but it has no effect on inorganic portion of smear layer. Thus the combination of NaOCl and EDTA has been proven to have the perfect ability in removal of both organic and inorganic debris. These irrigants when used with conventional syringe irrigation were unable to penetrate the apical portion of the root canal, so new activation devices have come in the market which claims to be effective in delivering the irrigant to the working length. Objective/Aim: This study evaluated and compared the efficacy of recently introduced irrigation activation devices EndoActivator, Passive ultrasonic irrigation and Laser on removal of smear layer from the apical third of instrumented root canal using Scanning electron microscope. Methods: Forty three single rooted teeth were prepared with the help of protaper files and divided into four groups. Group I: EDTA o...
Iranian endodontic journal, 2017
This in vitro study was designed to evaluate and compare different endodontic irrigation and activation systems for removal of the intracanal smear layer. Forty recently extracted, non-carious human intact single rooted premolars were selected and divided into five groups (n=10) according to the root canal irrigation systems; syringe and needle irrigation (CTR), sonic irrigation, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and EndoVac irrigation system. All groups were prepared to #40 apical size with K-files. Each sample was subjected to final irrigation by using four different irrigation/activation systems. After splitting the samples, one half of each root was selected for examination under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The irrigation systems were compared using the Fisher's exact test with the level of significance set at 0.05. The four groups did not differ from each other in the coronal and mid-root parts of the canal. In the apical part of the canal none of the methods coul...
Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of three different irrigation solutions, namely Chloroquick, maleic acid, and a multi-step irrigation solution when used in combination with ultrasonics for the removal of smear layers in endodontic procedures. Materials and Methods: Sixty single-rooted teeth that had been freshly extracted were gathered, disinfected, and stored in distilled water. To ensure uniform root length, each tooth was coronally removed below the Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ). The working length was meticulously determined, and F3 Protaper rotary files were employed for the biomechanical preparation of the root canals. Subsequently, the teeth were randomly assigned to one of three groups for the irrigation process: Group A (Chloroquick), Group B (Maleic Acid 7%), and Group C (Multistep Irrigation approach). Following the preparation, longitudinal sections of the specimens were obtained and examined under a scanning electron microscope. T...
2021
Background Irrigation of the pulp space is a mandatory step to get rid of all its organic and inorganic content. Activation of the irrigants play a key role in the era of minimally invasive endodontics. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different irrigants activation methods in removing the smear layer at 1, 3, 5 and 8 mm from the apex from conservatively shaped canals. Methods Eighty-five human mandibular premolars were selected. Specimens were shaped to TruShape 25/.06 and divided into 5 groups (1 control and 4 test groups) according to the final activation technique (EndoActivator, EA), Ultrasonic (EndoUltra, PUI) and Laser (PIPS and SWEEPS). EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) followed by NaOCl (Sodium Hypochlorite) and again EDTA were activated for each test group. Specimens were then split longitudinally and observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Blinded evaluation of the presence of smear layer was performed at 1000X magnifi...
Journal of dentistry (Tehran, Iran), 2014
The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of apical negative pressure (ANP), manual dynamic agitation (MDA), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and needle irrigation (NI) as final irrigation activation techniques for smear layer removal in curved root canals. Mesiobuccal root canals of 80 freshly extracted maxillary first molars with curvatures ranging between 25° and 35° were used. A glide path with #08-15 K files was established before cleaning and shaping with Mtwo rotary instruments (VDW, Munich, Germany) up to size 35/0.04 taper. During instrumentation, 1 ml of 2.5% NaOCl was used at each change of file. Samples were divided into 4 equal groups (n=20) according to the final irrigation activation technique: group 1, apical negative pressure (ANP) (EndoVac); group 2, manual dynamic agitation (MDA); group 3, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and group 4, needle irrigation (NI). Root canals were split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy. The pres...
Journal of Endodontics, 2011
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of laser-driven irrigation in removing the smear layer and debriding the apical region of the root canal (the root tip) with that of ultrasonic irrigation. Methods: Forty extracted human teeth with straight single roots were randomized into 4 groups (n = 10). The specimens were shaped by using hand instruments up to a size 30/.02 file (Control, Laser 1, and Laser 2 groups) or a size 20/.02 file (Laser 3 group). During instrumentation, each canal was irrigated with 3% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid alternately between the use of successive files. The 4 groups of 10 teeth were processed as follows. In the Control group, teeth were irrigated with 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and the irrigant was activated with an ultrasonic device for 60 seconds. In the Laser 1 and Laser 3 groups, the irrigant was activated with the laser for 60 seconds. In the Laser 2 group, the irrigant was activated with the laser for 30 seconds. Results: There were significant differences between the smear layer and debris scores for the Laser 1 group and those for the Control (P < .001), Laser 2 (P = .002), and Laser 3 groups (P = .012 and P = .013, respectively). Completely clean root canals were found in the Laser 1 group. Conclusions: Use of a laser with a plain fiber tip, which produces cavitation in the irrigant, has potential as an improved alternative method for removing of the smear layer from the apical region of a straight root canal. (J Endod 2011;37:1585-1589
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two different final irrigant activation methods in removing the smear layer at 3 and 7 mm from the apex. Methods: Thirty-six extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were instrumented by a reciprocating Wave-One 40.08 (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) and irrigated with 2.5ml. 2.5% NaOCl at 37 C°. Teeth were divided into four groups according to the final irrigant activation technique (Group 1: XP-Endo Finisher File NaOCl 2.5% /EDTA 17%; Group 2: XP-Endo Finisher File NaOCl 2.5%; Group 3: passive ultrasonic irrigation [PUI] NaOCl 2.5% /EDTA 17% and Group 4: PUI-NaOCl 2.5%). Root canals were then split longitudinally and observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The percentage of area of open dentinal tubules was evaluated. Data were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and two factor ANOVA. Results: In all groups, the middle third of the roots demonstrated a significant higher percentage of dentinal tubules free of smear layer compared to the apical third (p<0.05). The XP Endo-finisher NaOCl/EDTA group showed a higher percentage of open dentinal tubules for the middle and apical thirds (P < 0.001). Group 3 (PUI NaOCl/EDTA) removed more smear layer at both root thirds than groups 2 (XP Endo-finisher NaOCl) and 4 (PUI NaOCl) respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions: None of the systems eliminated the smear layer; nevertheless, the XP-Endo-finisher NaOCl/EDTA group was more effective than PUI with and without EDTA for smear layer removal at both middle and apical canal thirds. Clinical significance: The use of the XP-Endo-finisher file system is an effective method for smear layer removal after root canal instrumentation.
Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Using Different Irrigation Methods In Root Canals.
This study evaluated different irrigation methods in smear layer removal from the root canal walls using maleic acid (MA). Maxillary anterior teeth (N=30, n=10 per group) were decoronated, canals were enlarged with Protaper (size F4) and allocated to three groups: EndoUltra: 2.5 ml of 7% MA was irrigated for 30 s, followed by EndoUltra activation for 30 s; EndoSafe: EndoSafe irrigation system was used for 1 minute using 5 ml of 7% MA; Side-vented needle: 30 gauge needle irrigation was performed for 1 min using 5 ml of 7% MA. After SEM analysis, the inter-examiner reliability was verified using Kendall's Coefficient and data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-Square test. No statistical significant differences were found between the two examiners (p>0.05). In intra-group comparison, needle and EndoSafe irrigation demonstrated significantly better smear layer removal at middle third of the root canal system (p<0.05) when compared to apical third. In inter-group comparison, smear layer was minimally removed with needle irrigation. In the apical third, EndoUltra group removed smear layer more effectively. Endosafe needle irrigation in combination with 7% MA removed the smear layer in the root canal at best, while the EndoUltra performed the best at the apical third of the root.