Effect of Feeding Different Sources of Energy on Performance of Goats Fed Saltbush in Sinai (original) (raw)
Related papers
Utilization of Alfalfa and Atriplex for Feeding Sheep under Saline Conditions of South Sinai, Egypt
Journal of American Science , 2010
The objective of this study was to assess the influence of replacing percent of alfalfa by percent of Atriplex as roughage fed to animals. Twenty four adult Barki lambs weighed an average 49± 77 kg and age 3 years were used in six digestibility trials (4 animals each). Experimental diets were made of alfalfa and Atriplex nummularia in different ratios to each other as follow:R1: 75 % alf + 25% At, R2: 50 % alf + 50 % At, R3: 25 % alf + 75 % At, R4: 100 % At, T5: 100 % alf furthermore R6: berseem hay (BH). All animals were fed barley at 25 % of energy requirements in R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 while R6 fed concentrate feed mixture (CFM). Results obtained indicated that: all experimental diets had comparable values of dry matter (DM). Mixing of plants affecting chemical composition of feed ingredients where highest crud protein (CP) was recorded in R5 and least one was in R4. Crude fiber (CF) values were decreased as follow in R6, R5, R1, R2, R3 and R4, respectively. R6 and R4 had comparable values of condensed tannins while highest saponin levels were recorded in R4. Animals fed on R5 showed highest DM and total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake g/kg BW followed by those fed R1 and R2. Nitrogen intake showed higher values in R5 followed by R1, R2, R3, R6 then R4. Nitrogen retention also was maximum in R5 and minimum in R6. Animals fed At alone showed highest water intake with significant (P< 0.05) differences when compared with other treatments. There is a sampling time effect (zero and 6 hrs post feeding) on serum metabolites, liver enzymes and some minerals. Indeed the prefeeding rumen parameters (NH3-N) and TVFA,s were increased significantly to reach the peak value at 8 hr post feeding. Some minerals Na, K, Ca and P were analyzed.Na and P intake increased with increasing Atriplex level while Ca and K intake increased with increasing alfalfa level. Finally R2 is nutritious despite the generally low nutritive value and energy content.
AMERICA EURASIAN JOURNAL SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, 2018
This research was performed to compare the nutritional studies of Barki sheep and doe Shami goats fed on mixture of forage tree legumes and its effects on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, nutritive value, nitrogen utilization, body weight change, some parameters of rumen and blood. Our study was carried out at South Sinai Research Station (Ras Suder), South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Thirty-six pregnant Barki sheep and Shami goats were randomly allocated into two equal groups (18 animals each specie). The first group (G1) of each species fed alfalfa with concentrate diet and served as control. The second group (G2) fed ad libtum sun-dried chopped mixture contained 50% Acacia saligna, 25% Prosopis juliflora and 25% Leucaena leucocephala with concentrate diet. Results indicated that overall roughage and total DM intake (g/Kg W 0.75 /d) were similar between both species but animals fed G2 showed lower (P<0.05) in roughage and total DM intake than those fed G1. The results also showed that goats had higher (P<0.05) overall dry matter (DM), crud protein (CP) and crud fiber (CF) digestibility than sheep but overall nitrogen intake (NI) was similar between both species and was higher (P<0.05) for animals fed G1 vs. those fed G2. Also, nitrogen balance was similar between both species and was insignificant higher for those fed G1 vs. G2. Goats had higher (P<0.05) overall ammonia NH3-N than sheep but sheep had higher (P<0.05) overall ruminal TVFA´s than goats as well as animals fed G2 showed lower (P<0.05) NH3-N and TVFA´s than those fed G1. Values of body weight change (kg) and relative body weight (%) of end pregnancy were insignificant between both species and feeding treatments. Sheep had slightly insignificant lower concentrations of overall total protein and globulin than goats and was also slightly insignificant higher concentrations of overall urea and creatinine than goats while goats recorded insignificant higher values of overall AST and ALT than sheep. It was concluded feed utilization of tree legumes mixture as animal feeds in saline affected and soils could be an appropriate option for alleviating the desertification difficulties and provide alternatives as good feed resources especially in droughts when the other traditional food resources are shortage.
Comparative nutritional studies of ewes and does fed salt tolerant plants under desert condition
Nature and Science, 2018
The study was carried out at South Sinai Research Station, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Twenty eight pregnant Barki sheep and Shami goats were used to evaluate the effects of feeding cultivated salt-tolerant forages mixture, old man saltbush (Atriplex nummularia L.), Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and pear millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) on feed intake, nutritive value, digestibility, nitrogen utilization, body weight changes, rumen and blood parameters. Animals were randomly assigned into two equal groups (14 animals each specie). Seven animals of each species were used as control and fed fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) with concentrate diet (mixture group). The other seven animals were fed mixture contained 50% A. nummularia, 25% S. bicolor and 25% P. glaucumad libitum with concentrate diet (mixture group). Data showed that values of dry roughage and total DMI (g/KgW 0.75 /d) were insignificant between both species and was higher for control group vs. mixture group. However, digestibility coefficients of CP and CF were higher for goats than sheep but were insignificantly differences in DM, OM and EE digestibility between both species. Also goats had higher in DCP% vs. sheep but were no significant differences in TDN, DCP intake (g/h/d) and TDN% among ewes and does. Nitrogen intake, excretion and balance (g/KgW 0.75) were higher for control group vs. mixture group but was insignificantly differences between both species. Animals fed mixture group consumed water more than those fed a control group while urine, faces and total water execration were higher for same animals vs. control group. Sheep had higher ruminal TVFA's (m. equiv. /100 ml) than goats and was greater for control vs. mixture group but values of rumen ammonia (NH3-N mg/100 ml) were insignificantly between two species and treatments. However, significantly differences of NH3-N were detected in interaction between species and treatments. Animals fed Salt-tolerant plants mixture had higher values of body weight change (kg) and relative body weight (%) of mid pregnancy than those fed alfalfa. Values of glucose, total lipids and creatinine were significant in interaction between species and treatments. On the other hand, insignificant differences were observed in other blood parameters between species, treatments and interaction between species and treatments. Under arid and saline conditions in Sinai we could be recommended a mixture contained some cultivated salt-tolerant forages as a non-traditional feed resources which can improve small ruminants performance. [Helal H. G., Eid E. Y, Nassar M. S, Badawy H. S. and El Shaer H. M. Comparative nutritional studies of ewes and does fed salt tolerant plants under desert condition.
Eggptian J. Nutrition and feeds, 2015
he present experiment was aimed to study the effect of sprouted barley grains (Hordeum vulgare L.) on a mixture of olive cake and rice straw (50:50) as a media without (T2) or with 1% (T3), 2% (T4), or 3% (T5) of urea solutions in comparison with the control Alfalfa, (Medicago sativa). All diets were fed ad libitum for 45 days. The experiment was performed on twenty desert male goats (18 months old) with an initial body weight of 24.34±1.29 kg randomly divided into five equal groups, (4 animals per group). Five digestibility trials were conducted to evaluate nutrients digestibility and nitrogen balance for experimental roughages. Results showed that the treatments with sprouted barely increased CP content while OM, NDF, ADF and ADL contents were decreased. The highest values of DMI due to the higher palatability for animals fed T5 compared with control group; the same group revealed a significant improvement on CP, EE, NDF and hemicellulose digestibility. The highest TDN% value was recorded by animals fed T5 (58.55%) followed by T1, T4, T3 and the lowest value was for T2. Highest (P≤0.01) DCP% was 9.24% which recorded by T1 followed by T5, T4, T3 and T2, respectively. All animals were in positive N-balance but animals fed on T2 retained the least amount of nitrogen balance (mg/kg BW) among treatments. Goats fed sprouted barely grains treated with urea solutions had significantly (P≤0.01) higher total volatile fatty acids and ammonia concentrations in rumen at 3 hours post feeding. In conclusion, goats in T5 recorded the best TDN, DCP and nitrogen balance with normal blood parameters.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of supplementation of a leaf based concentrate consisting of a 1:1 leaf mixture of Vernonia amygdalina and Tithonia diversifolia (VATD) as a direct replacement for brewers dried grains (BDG) on feed intake, growth performance and digestibility by West African Dwarf (WAD) goats on a basal diet of Panicum maximum hay. Twenty five growing WAD goats weighing between 8.07-9.60 kg were allotted into five dietary treatment groups in a completely randomized design with five goats per treatment. The mixed leaf meal (VATD) were included in the diets at 0% (T1), 5% (T2), 10% (T3), 15% (T5), and 20% (T5) of the total diet. The experiment lasted for twelve weeks. Results showed that dry matter (DM) intake (g/kg W 0.75 /day) was lowest (P<0.05) in control diet T1 (72.02), and higher in T3 (92.78) than T2, T4 and T5 (88.69, 86.61 and 86.70, respectively). Crude protein (CP) intake (g/kg W 0.75 /day) peaked at T3 and progressively reduced thereafter in T4 (15.10), T5 (14.83) and T2 (14.16). CP intake was higher (P<0.05) in T3 than T1. Daily weight gain (g/day) of goats ranged from 32.97 (T4 and T5) to 38.40 (T3). Crude protein digestibility was higher (P<0.05) in T5 (89.49%) than T1 (84.23%) and T4 (84.19%) but similar in T2 (85.47%) and T3 (86.10%). Better nitrogen intake (15.10 g/day) was observed in goats fed T4 compared to those fed T1 (14.32) and T2 (14.16). Rumen pH values were higher in T1 than T2, T3, T4 and T5. Ammonia N content (mg/100ml) of the rumen was similar in goats fed T2 (9.92), T3 (10.07) and T5 (9.80) but higher (P<0.05) than those fed T1 (8.19). The result suggests that WAD goats fed VATD leaf meal based concentrates perform better on diets with levels of mixed concentrates not exceeding 10%.
Atriplex nummularia (oldman saltbush) is widely planted on salt-affected land to provide a vegetative cover, which can be used as an alternative feed resource. The study was conducted to evaluate the replacement of commercial concentrate with oldman saltbush (SB) leaf on the feed intake, live weight gain, and carcass parameters of local sheep. Twenty-five sheep with an age of 6 months and weighting 14.60 ± 2.47 kg were used in randomized complete block design and distributed into five equal groups, with five animals each. The selected sheep were fed with the dietary treatments for 2 weeks for adaptation and continued until the end of the study, which lasted for 90 days. In the control treatment (SB-0), sheep were fed 100% concentrate mix, while in SB-5, SB-10, SB-15, and SB-20, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of the concentrate mix was replaced by SB, respectively. Wheat straw and water were given at ad libitum throughout the experiment period. Data on feed intake and live weight gain were recorded daily and weekly, respectively, for 90 days. Three animals from each treatment were slaughtered for carcass analysis. Atriplex nummularia leaf (Oldman saltbush) contained 92.02% dry matter (DM), 21.99% crude protein (CP), 24.77% ash, 58.27% neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and 26.56% acid detergent fiber (ADF). Dry matter intake, live weight gain, and carcass parameter were not statistically different among the treatments. Result indicated that concentrate feed can be replaced with Atriplex nummularia leaf up to 20% in sheep diet without negative effect on growth performance and carcass characteristics.
Voluntary intake and digestibility of saltbush by sheep
2005
The study was conducted to compare the dry matter intake and digestibility of Atriplex halimus (AH) and Atriplex nummularia (AN) and determine the proper proportion of saltbushes for partial replacement of alfalfa hay in the diets of Awassi sheep. The foliage of AH and AN were hand-plucked, air-dried in shade and then chopped mechanically similar to alfalfa hay. Two trials were conducted separately to determine voluntary feed intake and digestibility of saltbush browse. In the first trial, fifteen 8 month old Awassi lambs were distributed into 3 equal groups, and each animal was housed in individual pen. Each group received one of three dietary treatments: chopped alfalfa hay (H), dried foliage of Atriplex nummularia or foliage of Atriplex halimus. In the second trial, twentyseven 12 months old Awassi male lambs were randomly selected, distributed into nine equal groups, and housed into metabolic crates. Each group of animals received one of nine dietary treatments: alfalfa hay, AN, AH and different proportions (25, 50 and 75%) of AN or AH mixed with alfalfa hay. Forage type had a significant (p<0.001) effect on dry matter intake (DMI) and growth rate of lambs of the voluntary feed intake trial. Lambs receiving the alfalfa hay diet showed high DMI and high growth rate compared to those fed the diets containing saltbush. In the digestibility trial, dietary treatments had significant (p<0.05) effect on DMI, dry matter digestibility (DMD) (p<0.01) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) (p<0.01). The inclusion of AN in the diet up to 50% had no significant effect on DMI and DMD, whereas the inclusion of AH above 25% reduced DMI, DMD and OMD. The treatments had significant (p<0.05) effect on water intake and on live weight changes of lambs. Except for the diet containing 25% of AN browse, all lambs fed diets containing the saltbushes exhibited loss in body weight. The nutritive value of Atriplex nummularia foliage is better than that of A. halimus and it is possible to replace up to 50% of alfalfa hay by A. nummularia without negative effects on intake and digestibility of dry matter.
Effects of Feed Intake Level on Digestion and Energy Utilization in Desert Sheep and Goats
Twenty four adult local desert non-pregnant and non-lactating females, 12 Barki desert sheep and 12 Balady desert goats, were used to evaluate effects of long-term nutrient restriction on digestion and energy utilization. Animals were individually housed for a 3-month period and then moved to metabolic cages in two sets of 12 animals, three per treatment and species for each set. Six animals of each species were used as control and fed a concentrate mixture and alfalfa hay diet (50:50% as DM basis) at a level adequate for the metabolizable energy (ME) intake of maintenance (ME m , control). The other six animals were used as restricted diet and fed 50% of the previous amount relative to actual BW (restricted). Total Energy expenditure (EE) was estimated by heart rate (HR) monitor for 48-h period after its individual calibration by oxygen consumption with a face mask open-circuit respiratory system. Similar digestible energy was observed between animal species at control level (63.7 vs. 63.2%, SEM = 1.53), while a greater (P<0.01) digestibility was reported for sheep vs. goats at restricted feed intake level (60.8 vs. 50.9%, SEM = 1.53, respectively). Energy expenditure was greater (P<0.001) for control vs. restricted intake level (420 vs. 338 kJ/kg BW 0.75 /day, SEM = 10.2, respectively) and tended to be higher (P<0.10) for sheep vs. goats (394 vs. 364 kJ/kg BW 0.75 /day, SEM = 10.2, respectively). As a result, the energy balance was greater for control vs. restricted intake level (9.3 vs.-139.8 kJ/kg BW 0.75 /day, SEM = 8.27, respectively) and similar between both animal species (-62.4 vs.-68.0 kJ/kg BW 0.75 /day, SEM = 8.27, for sheep and goats, respectively). In conclusion, both desert Barki sheep and Balady goats are able to reduce their EE in order to improve their energy balance as a mechanism of adaptation when their ME intake is restricted below ME m requirements.
Nutrient digestion and nitrogen utilization by goats fed native
An in vivo digestibility trial was conducted to evaluate the influence of shrub leaves on digestion and N retention by Ž. goats. Twelve male castrated Spanish goats 33.1 " 2.4 kg BW were randomly placed in metabolism stalls and assigned to Ž .Ž. Ž .Ž. Ž. three diets four goatsrdiet : 1 control 23% alfalfa hay plus 77% bean straw BS , 2 22% hackberry Celtis pallida plus Ž. Ž. Ž. 78% BS and 3 18% ceniso Leucophyllum texanum plus 18% soapbrush Porlieria angustifolia plus 64% BS. All diets Ž. contained 1.5% N. Diets were offered in two equal portions daily. The DM and CP intakes of goats were similar P) 0.05 Ž. among diets. However, NDF and ADF intakes were lower P-0.05 in goats fed diets with hackberry and ceniso plus Ž. soapbrush than goats fed alfalfa hay. Digestibilities of DM and CP were similar P) 0.05 among goats. Cell wall and its Ž. fractions were digested less efficiently P-0.05 when goats were fed the hackberry and ceniso plus soapbrush diets Ž. instead the alfalfa hay diet. Goats retained N in a manner similar P) 0.05 among diets. Differences on fiber digestion between diets containing alfalfa hay and browse species may be related to the chemical or physical nature of the cell wall. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.