Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV in Pregnant Women in the Community in the Democratic Republic of Congo (original) (raw)
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Background In Cameroon, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (HBV) and C virus (HCV) are highly endemic to the pregnant woman. These viruses pose a high risk of vertical transmission and have been reported as the most important causes of maternal mortality. The aim objective of this study was to determine the hepatitis B, C and HIV virus co-infection among pregnant women in the Bafia health district.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from may to july 2018 in 145 pregnant women attending the health district of Bafia. HIV was diagnosed and confirmed using the Determine and Oraquick HIV1/2, HBV by NOVA test (HBV Multi Panel One Step) and HCV by ACCURATE test. Statistical analysis was performed using the Epi info software version 7.2.1.0. Furthermore, statistical association was performed using Odds Ratio (OR) and Fisher Exact test where appropriate, with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). The probability was considered statistical significant for all valu...
Open Journal of Pediatrics, 2015
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV among children 6 to 59 months and determine the risk factors. Materials and Methods: Descriptive and analytical study on children aged 6 to 59 months of community Maniema (DRC) conducted between 24 June and 24 July 2013. We enrolled 781 children aged 6 to 59 months. For association between the presence of viral markers and potential risk factors the chi-square test of Pearson was applied, the odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. The Fisher exact test was used when the conditions for application of the chi-square test of Pearson were not met. Results: The median age of the children was 34 months, 51% of female children. Ten percent of children had a history of blood transfusion; 6.6% and 64% had fever and anemia. The prevalence of HBsAg was 3.6%, the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis C was 2.8% and HIV was 3.7%. The risk factors were HBsAg, male gender (5.5% male vs 2.0 % female; OR = 2.8(1.3-6.9) p = 0.001) and urban areas (5.0% rural vs 0.5% urban, OR = 0.1 (0.01-0.72), p = 0.01). For HCV and HIV, these factors were the history of blood transfusion in the child and the mother. For HCV 7.6% of children with blood transfusion history; OR = 3.2 (1.1-8.5); p = 0.05 and 11.1% history's mother blood transfusion, OR = 5.6 (2.1-14.1). For HIV 11.4% of children with blood transfusion history, OR = 3.8, p = 0.005 and 9.8% history's mother blood transfusion, OR = 2.9, p = 0.04. Conclusion: Vaccination against hepatitis B in children must be widespread, educational messages to the population must target the risk factors for these viruses. A screening of hepatitis in pregnant women must be J. M. Kabinda et al. 172 coupled with rigorous selection policy for blood donors before each donation and qualification of any unit of blood.
International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 2016
Background: Viral hepatitis B is widespread globally and fetomaternal infection transmission is a major public health problem. Few studies are available on HBV vertical transmission infection in Brazzaville. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV markers and risk factors in pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January to September 2014 among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Brazzaville. Relevant demographics and infectious risk factors were obtained. HBV serological markers were evaluated for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBs, anti-HBc using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Of a total of 437 women tested, 38 were positive for HBsAg (8.7%), 15 (3.4%) HBeAg, and 41 (9.4%) for AcHBe. The anti-HBs and anti-HBc were positive in 96 (22%) and 287 (65.7%) cases respectively. The main significant risk factors were: piercings (
Hepatitis B, HIV, and Syphilis Seroprevalence in Pregnant Women and Blood Donors in Cameroon
Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2016
Objectives. We estimated seroprevalence and correlates of selected infections in pregnant women and blood donors in a resource-limited setting. Methods. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of laboratory seroprevalence data from pregnant women and voluntary blood donors from facilities in Cameroon in 2014. Rapid tests were performed to detect hepatitis B surface antigen, syphilis treponemal antibodies, and HIV-1/2 antibodies. Blood donations were also tested for hepatitis C and malaria. Results. The seroprevalence rates and ranges among 7069 pregnant women were hepatitis B 4.4% (1.1-9.6%), HIV 6% (3.0-10.2%), and syphilis 1.7% (1.3-3.8%) with significant variability among the sites. Correlates of infection in pregnancy in adjusted regression models included urban residence for hepatitis B (aOR 2.9, CI 1.6-5.4) and HIV (aOR 3.5, CI 1.9-6.7). Blood donor seroprevalence rates and ranges were hepatitis B 6.8% (5.0-8.8%), HIV 2.2% (1.4-2.8%), syphilis 4% (3.3-4.5%), malaria 1.9%, and hepatitis C 1.7% (0.5-2.5%). Conclusions. Hepatitis B, HIV, and syphilis infections are common among pregnant women and blood donors in Cameroon with higher rates in urban areas. Future interventions to reduce vertical transmission should include universal screening for these infections early in pregnancy and provision of effective prevention tools including the birth dose of univalent hepatitis B vaccine.
Central African Journal of Public Health
Infection with Hepatitis B virus continues to be an important global public health problem with millions of people worldwide affected. Around 2 billion people have been exposed to hepatitis B globally, and about 257 million people are living with hepatitis B particularly in the Low and Middle-income countries. Cameroon is endemic and pregnant women are rarely screened routinely in most health facilities in Cameroon. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, knowledge and risk factors of hepatitis B among pregnant women in Loum Health District. This study was a cross sectional hospital and community-based carried out among pregnant women in the Loum Health District. All the 5 health areas and 24 health facilities were included. Data on the socio demography and knowledge on hepatitis B infection was collected using a structured questionnaire. Pregnant women were screened for hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg) using the DiaSpot One Step Hepatitis B test. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. The Chi square test was used to compare proportions and the logistic regression model was fitted to find out factors independently associated with knowledge, prevalence and attitude. Of the 200 pregnant women screened, 18 (9%) were positive for hepatitis B virus. Higher prevalence was observed for the age group 16-25 (10.8%) and primary level of education 7 (13.5%). The results showed that pregnant women had inadequate knowledge on HBV infection. History of multiple sex partners (AOR=5.58, P=0.001), history of surgery (AOR=3.04, P=0.026) and history of tattooing (AOR=2.36, P=0.041) were all significantly associated with hepatitis B sero-positivity. The prevalence of HBsAg was 9% with only one third of participants having adequate knowledge on Hepatitis B. Although hepatitis B is recognized to be one of the major health problems, pregnant women in the Loum health district were less aware of its mode of transmission, consequences and prevention. History of surgery, tattooing, multiple sexual partners were factors that increase hepatitis transmission. Compulsory screening of pregnant women in hospital and health educative talks on Hepatitis B during antenatal visit could create more awareness among pregnant women.
African Health Sciences, 2015
Background: Viral hepatitis is a serious public health problem affecting billions of people globally with maternal-fetal transmission on the rise. Objectives: This study sought to determine the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among pregnant women in the Asante Akim North Municipality, in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Methods: In this cross-sectional study 168 pregnant women were recruited from the Agogo Presbyterian hospital. Blood samples were collected for the detection of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies. A pretested questionnaire was used to obtain demographic data and identify the risk factors associated with the two infections. Results: Of the 168 participants studied, 16 (9.5%) tested positive for HBV and 13 (7.7%) tested positive for HCV representing 9.5% and 7.7% respectively. A participant tested positive for both HBV and HCV co-infection representing 0.6%. Undertaking blood transfusion, tattooing and sharing of needles were associated with hepatitis C infection (P=0.001). HBV was not associated with any of the risk factors (P>0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest a high prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C among pregnant women; blood transfusion, tattooing and sharing of hypodermic needles were associated with hepatitis C infection. Measures to reduce the disease and transmission burden must be introduced.
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are viral infections that are transmitted through transfusion of unscreened blood products, needlestick injuries, and unprotected sex. This was a study to determine the prevalence of Hepatitis B and HIV infection among pregnant women accessing antenatal care. Materials and Methods: Two ml of venous blood was also collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid bottles for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and HIV test using a rapid diagnostic test kit following the standard algorithm of performing diagnosis. Results: Of the 250 participants examined for the presence of HBV and HIV among pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic in Calabar, 14 (5.6%) and 3 (1.2%) were positive for HBsAg and HIV. Participants aged 26-30 years had the highest prevalence of HBsAg 8 (7.0%) and participants aged 31-35 had the highest prevalence of HIV 1 (3.2%). The seroprevalence of HBsAg and HIV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics by occupation shows that students had the highest infection rate of 3 (9%) and 2 (6%) for HBsAg and HIV. Of the 250 participants enrolled, the level of HIV and HBV awareness was 178 (71.2%) and 242 (96.8%), respectively. Conclusions: The study has revealed that the prevalence of HBV and HIV is on the increase among pregnant women, with a prevalence of 5.6% and 1.2%, respectively. General precautions need to be strictly adhered to in the hospital and particularly in blood transfusion and handling of sharps objects.
Seroprevalences and Correlates of Hepatitis B and C Among Cameroonian Pregnant Women
Clinical medicine insights. Reproductive health, 2018
Viral hepatitis B (VHB) and viral hepatitis C (VHC) are major public health issues in resource-poor countries where vertical transmission remains high. To assess prevalences and correlates of VHB and VHC among women attending antenatal clinic. A cross-sectional study at the Yaounde Central Hospital from January 1 to June 30, 2016. We included 360 pregnant women who were screened for hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg) and VHCAb by rapid diagnostic test (DiaSpot Diagnostics, USA) followed by confirmation of positive results by a reference laboratory. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval [CI]) were used to measure associations between variables. Statistical significance was set for -value <.05. Mean age was 27.9 ± 5.6 years. The prevalences of HbsAg and VHCAb were 9.4% (n = 34) and 1.7% (n = 6), respectively. Multiplicity of sex partners was significantly associated with HbsAg positivity (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 11.6; 95% CI: 5.1-26.7; < .001) while none of the studied...
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most important agents of infectious diseases. Both HBV and HIV share common modes of transmission and have serious effects on both pregnant women and infants. In Bahir Dar city administration, there is a scarcity of information on sero-prevalence of HIV and HBV infection among pregnant women. The main objective of this study was to assess sero-prevalence and risk factors of HIV and HBV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2013 to April 2013. Socio-demographic and explanatory variables were collected using a structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HIV infection was also detected using the national HIV test algorithms. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The odds ratio and 95% Confidence intervals were calculated. Results: A total of 318 pregnant women with the mean age of 25.72 (SD. ±5.14) years old were enrolled. Overall, 21/318 (6.6%) and 12 /318 (3.8%) of the pregnant women were positive for HIV and HBsAg, respectively. Of these, HIV/HBV co-infection rate was 4 (19.0%). Previous history of blood transfusion (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI, 9.02-14.84), body tattooing (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI, 1.24-26.50), history of surgery (AOR = 11.1, 95% CI, 2.64-46.88) and unsafe injection (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI, 1.44-22.19) were significantly associated with HBV infection. Previous history of piercing with sharp materials (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.17-7.80) and history of abortion (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI 2.50-17.71) were also statistically significant for HIV infection. Conclusions: This study indicates that HIV and HBV infections are important public health issues in our region that need to be addressed. All pregnant women need to be screened for both HIV and HBV infections during antenatal care. Furthermore, health education about modes of transmission of HIV and HBV has to be given.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.9\_Issue.12\_Dec2019/IJHSR\_Abstract.01.html, 2019
Context and objective: The diagnosis of viral hepatitis during pregnancy raises the problem of its seriousness in women but also fetal risk and mother-to-child transmission. The objective of this study was to determine the HBsAg screening rate and risk factors associated with HBs Ag transmission among pregnant women in semi-urban and rural areas of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Methods: Cross-sectional study of 152 pregnant women conducted from June 29, 2017 to April 28, 2018, having consulted the Gynecology and Obstetrics service of two medical units, one in the semi-urban environment of the city of Kinshasa and the other in the middle rural, chosen in a random way. HBsAg was wanted by a rapid test. The analysis was done with SPSS 22. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to search for risk factors for HBV at the p <5% threshold. Results: The mean age was 26.3 ± 7.1 years. The frequency of HBsAg was 15.8%. The risk factors associated with HBsAg were non-condom use (aOR: 2.26), transfusion (aOR: 3.49), multiple sexual partner (aOR: 2.39) and number of Risque Factor > 4 (aOR: 2.44). Conclusion: The frequency of HBsAg in pregnant women in the DRC is high. The national system of management and risk prevention factors for hepatitis B in pregnant women need to be strengthened.