In: Beal J. L., Reinhard E eds. Natural Products as Medicinal Asgents. Stuttgart: Hippkrates-Verlag (original) (raw)
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A Prelude In Vivo Evaluation of Ethno-hepato Curative Plants from South East Rajasthan.
The present study includes ethno-medicinal survey of tribal pockets of south east Rajasthan for the documentation of various hepato-protective and hepato-curative plants and their mode of usage. The reported plants were tabulated on frequency coefficient mode as per used by different tribes and localities. These documented plants were also sorted on the basis of secondary data and 20 plants were selected for preliminary screening. For initial screening pyridoxal phosphate (PLP) dependent SGOT/AST (EC 2.6.1.1) was used as a marker enzyme to indicate hepatocytic biochemical profile. The protocol included wistar rats of eithes sexes and was grouped as control vehicle, hepato-toxicated, reference and phyto-treated group. The observations were carried out after 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs of the last dose. Among screened plants Acacia catechu, Aegle marmelos, Andrographis paniculata, Citrullus colocynthis and Phyllanthus amarus were found to be at par as compared to reference group, treated with silymarin. Selection of such effective hepato-curative plants can be used for further investigations and will assist in opening new avenues for developing a new hepatic drug with low frequency of relapse and side effects.
Mediterranean Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2022
Hepatitis B virus infection is a major health problem worldwide. More than 400 million people are suffering from this infectious disease. Alhagi Maurorum (camel thorn, CTE) is used in Libyan folk medicine for hepatitis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the camel thorn on the hepatitis B virus. After a pharmacological and toxicological screening of camel thorns on experimental animals in our laboratories, in an open-label study, 15 patients of either gender were chosen at random with their consent (consent form signed). The patients had no liver cirrhosis and were not alcoholics. Following clinical testing, the patients were given a low, safe dose of camel thorn powder (2.6 g soaked in boiling water for 10 minutes) three times per day for six months. The viral load was measured before treatment and three and six months after the beginning of the experiment by polymerase chain reaction. The complete blood picture, the level of transaminases, bilirubin, creatinine, blood glucose, lipid profile, thyroid function, and prothrombin were assessed before and after three months after the beginning of the experiment. Our data showed no significant changes in the complete blood picture, creatinine, blood urea, glucose level, bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lipid profile, prothrombin, and thyroid function. The levels of viral load before, three months after, and six months after the beginning of our study were 1689 ± 289, 558 ± 160, and 271 ± 026 IU per mL, respectively. From this study, we may conclude that the camel thorn is safe and showed activity against viral hepatitis B, however, further investigations are needed by increasing the number of patients and using higher doses of plant extract to explore its mechanism of action. Finally, the mechanism of camel thorn may be related either to its antiviral effect or to the stimulation of either endogenous interferon or the immune system.
Medicinal plants are used as a hepatoprotective agents
Liver is one of the main organs in human body and the chief site for powerful metabolism and Excretion. Thus it's have a surprising role in the maintenance, performance and regulating homeostasis of the body. It is concerned with about all the biochemical pathways to growth, fight. Liver diseases are a chief problem worldwide; viral hepatitis, alcohol, malnutrition, autoimmune and drugs being most critical causes level. The scientific basis for the statement that plants and their active constituents play an important role in the prevention of diseases is continuously advancing. Herbal drugs are becoming more popular in the modern world for their application to cure variety of diseases with less toxic effects and better therapeutic effects. However some limitations of herbal extracts/ plant actives like instability in highly acidic pH, liver metabolism etc. led to drug levels below therapeutic concentration in the blood resulting in less or no therapeutic effect in this review some of the plants with their phytoconstituents studied for protective effect in liver diseases are reviewed.
Nimri L-Medicinal Plants.Pharmaceutical biology article
The antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of 15 plant species used in the traditional medicine in Jordan and other Middle East countries were tested. Extracts of certain parts of these plants were tested in vitro against 14 pathogenic bacterial species and strains using the agar diffusion method. Results evaluated as the diameter of inhibition zone of bacterial growth showed that 25 mg/well of 12 plant extracts have antibacterial activity on one or more of the testedbacteria. Three plants exhibited broad spectrum antibacterial activity: Punica granatum L., Quercus infectoria Olive., and Rhus coriaria L. The most susceptible bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Streptococcus pyogenes (ATCC 12351), and the most resistant species were Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922 and clinical isolates), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella dysentriae (ATCC 49345), and Yersinia enterocolitica (ATCC 9610). The minimum inhibitory oncentrations (MIC) of active extracts ranged from 4–32...
Effect of some wild egyptian medicinal plants on HAV
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences
Background: Folk Egyptian medicine considered from the most important source of the use of wild plants in medication. Wild plants are considered a perfect source of natural compounds that have been used as antimicrobial andante virus activities. Aims and Objective: The aim of the current study was to investigate the effect of the commonly used wild plants in the treatment of jaundice and they effect on HAV. This article provides much-needed insight into the effect of wild plants on the hepatitis A virus to shed more light on the important subject, which is unfortunately poorly investigated. Materials and Methods: In this investigation, the aqueous plant extracts of twenty-five wild Egyptian species, 16 perennials, and 9 annuals; three concentrations, 1%, 3% & 5%; were tested for HAV replication by using PA and PCR techniques. Questionnaires and interviews with Bedouins have been carried to know the most used species in the treatment of jaundice, and the usage values were calculated....
A Review of Hepatoprotective Plants Used in Saudi Traditional Medicine
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2014
Liver disease is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality across the world. According to WHO estimates, about 500 million people are living with chronic hepatitis infections resulting in the death of over one million people annually. Medicinal plants serve as a vital source of potentially useful new compounds for the development of effective therapy to combat liver problems. Moreover herbal products have the advantage of better affordability and acceptability, better compatibility with the human body, and minimal side effects and is easier to store. In this review attempt has been made to summarize the scientific data published on hepatoprotective plants used in Saudi Arabian traditional medicine. The information includes medicinal uses of the plants, distribution in Saudi Arabia, ethnopharmacological profile, possible mechanism of action, chemical constituents, and toxicity data. Comprehensive scientific studies on safety and efficacy of these plants can revitalise the tr...
Physiological changes due to hepatotoxicity and the protective role of some medicinal plants
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2016
The liver is the largest, important organ and the site for essential biochemical reactions in the human body. It has the function to detoxify toxic substances and synthesize useful biomolecules. Therefore, damage to the liver leads to grave consequences. This damage resulted from chronic alcoholic abuse, viral hepatitis or inherited metabolic disease. Liver damage is associated with cellular necrosis, fibrosis, and increase in tissue lipid peroxidation and depletion in tissue glutathione level. Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damages in the liver. Natural antioxidants are found in many compounds classified as secondary plant metabolites, e.g. polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and terpenoids (carotenoids), and the consumption of foods that contain these compounds in large quantities seems to play an important role in prophylaxis against many diseases. Herbal medicines derived from plant extracts are being increasingly utilized to treat a wide variety of clinical disease. More attention has been paid to the protective effects of natural antioxidants against drug induced toxicities especially whenever free radical generation is involved. Popularity of herbal remedies is increasing and at least one quarter of patients with liver disease use botanicals. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. Some medicinal herbs have proven hepatoprotective potential. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used to treat liver diseases since the 16th century. Its major constituents are the flavonoids silibinin, silydianin, silychristin, and isosilibinin, of which silibinin is the biologically most active compound and used for standardization of pharmaceutical products.
Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research
Medicinal plants have acquired importance in the healthcare system throughout the world for their proven and effective therapeutic properties. 1 Approximately 80% of the world's population uses medicines that contain compounds of herbal origin. 2 The International Union for Conservation of Nature has suggested that flowering plants are used for medicinal purposes. 3 Although medicinal plants have been used globally, their wider usage is limited to a few countries like Japan, India, China, Pakistan, Thailand, Iran, and some African countries. 4-7 Other developing countries are also encouraging the use of plant-based medicinal products in their healthcare systems. 8 A major concern of scientists investigating herbal treatments is that the chemical composition of the plants contributing to their biological effects is mostly undetermined. 9 Herbs have ingredients that are potential sources of medicines for the treatment of liver disorder and diseases having various modes of actions and bioactivities. 10-,12 A liver disorder has high priority areas when classified in health care.
2015
The present review summarizes the wide use of various plant extracts and herbal fed additives in a specific dose during the scheduled vaccination regimen may be helpful in obtaining higher protective antibody against different infections including production and development of more effective cell mediate immune response for protection against various bacterial, viral and other diseases. Herbal formulation may be therefore recommended for use as positive immunomodulator in normal and immunocompromized susceptible animals and birds. However, more sufficient researches are in demand to be carried out to establish the medicinal facts of the mentioned indigenous plants and fruits. In infants, use of neem oil is fatal. Some disadvantages of neem includes miscarriages, abortions and infertility. Although, American Cancer Society recommends the centella herb for having anticancerous properties, but research in this regard are in progress. Preliminary experimental animal researches have proved that the papaya seeds have potential contraceptive and abortifacient effect, but is non-teratogenic for the presence of phytochemicals in it. Many herbal plant preparations are prescribed to strengthen host resistance. Many useful plants fall under this category. They exhibit immunomodulatory activities. One such plant, Tinospora cordifolia, commonly called 'Guduchi' has been examined for its immunomodulatory properties. Guduchi means to rejuvenate dead cells. It is widely used in veterinary folk medicine and has also been claimed to be beneficial according to 'Ayurveda' for the cure of jaundice, skin diseases, diabetes, anemia, emaciations and various infections for its anti-spasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic and anti-allergic properties. It has also been reported that it improves the phagocytic and bactericidal activities in patients suffering from polymorphism in surgical jaundice.
Applied ecology and environmental research, 2024
The ethnobotanical documentation of medicinal plants used against livestock illnesses was carried out in a tribal community of Shishikoh, District Chitral, Pakistan. For data tabulation, semi-structured questionnaires were used. A total of 52 plant species belonging to 28 families and 46 genera were found to be used for ethnoveterinary purposes. The dominant family was Asteraceae with 7 (13.46%) species followed by Apiaceae with 4 (7.69) species, Brassicaceae, Lamiaceae, Fabaceae (Papilionaceae), Poaceae and Salicaceae each had 3 (6%) species. The reported taxa were used for the treatment of 32 different livestock illnesses. The maximum number of plants used for Constipation was12 (23.0%) followed by 10 (19.23%) for Parasitic infection, 9 (17.31) for wound infection, 7 (13.46%) for diarrhea, 6 (11.53) for galactagogues and gastric trouble was treated with 5 (9.62%) species, while the remaining showed less than 5 (9.62%) for each. The ethnoveterinary medicinal plants were administered mainly orally (39;75%) followed by topical (13; 25%), and nasally (1;1.92%) routes. The most harvested plant parts for preparing remedies in the area were leaves (18; 41%), followed by whole plants (6; 23%) and aerial parts (3; 12%). The maximum use value index (UVi) was recorded for Allium cepa at (0.08) followed by Foeniculum vulgare, Artemisia maritima, Alium sativum, Berberis lyceum, and Capparis spinosa each with 0.07 in each; Anthemis cotula, Artemisia perviflora, Brassica compestris, Mentha arvensis had 0.05 UVi in each. The dominant RFCi was also calculated for Capparis spinosa with (0.73), followed by Mentha arvensis (0.69), Allium cepa (0.68), Verbascum thapsus (0.67), and Juniperus excelsa (0.65). The recipes were mostly used in the form of decoction and infusion, followed by balrn and paste. Indigenous knowledge is widely known by the ethnic groups of tribal communities and is passed down from generation to generation. However, it faces a high risk of elimination due to factors such as lack of interest, allopathy, overgrazing, deforestation, and unsustainable utilization. The scientific evaluation of cited plant taxa is recommended to unlock their maximum therapeutic potential and develop possible conservation strategies in the veterinary sector for the welfare of livestock.