Characteristics of Standing Postural Control in Women under Additional Load (original) (raw)
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ARC Journal of Neuroscience
An impact of body anthropometry on postural stability was assessed in 145 adult women with different body mass indexes (BMI). Center-of-pressure (COP) trajectories were recorded during quiet stance in two 60-second trials, first with eyes open (EO) and then with eyes closed (EC). The data were analyzed using two novel measures of postural sway, the directional indices, and stability vector, that have been proven to be reliable standards for postural stability. Results showed a significant impact of BMI and visual feedback on both the anteroposterior (DIAP) and mediolateral (DIML) directional indices. Significant changes in the stability vector azimuth (SVa) due to vision exclusion, ranged between 0.99 ± 0.04 rad (EO) and 0.96 ± 0.05 rad (EC). The SV azimuth was additionally affected by BMI (0.8 ± 0.05 radians (EO) and 0.66 ± 0.05 rad (EC) in the group of women with the highest BMI). The DIML exhibited a positive correlation with BMI (0.6 and 0.71 for EO and EC, respectively), while the DIAP correlated negatively with BMI (-0.55 and-0.68 for EO and EC, respectively). In the control subjects the SV magnitude i.e., the mean velocity of sway, during EO trials remained at the level of 14.9 ± 2.8 mm/s while in the group with the highest BMI, it was reduced to 8.2 ± 0.8 mm/s. Both directional measures were also affected by the subjects' age. The results document the progressive decline in the postural stability control in adult women caused by excess body weight.
Biomechanical evaluation of the relationship between postural control and body mass index
Journal of Biomechanics, 2012
Postural stability is crucial in maintaining body balance during quiet standing, locomotion, and any activities that require a high degree of balance performance, such as participating in sports and dancing. Research has shown that there is a relationship between stability and body mass. The aims of this study were to examine the impact that two variables had on static postural control: body mass index (BMI) and gender. Eighty healthy young adults (age¼ 21.7 7 1.8 yr; height ¼ 1.65 7 0.09 m; mass ¼67.5 719.0 kg) participated in the study and the static postural control was assessed using the Biodex Balance System, with a 20 Hz sampling rate in the bipedic stance (BLS) and unipedic stance (ULS) for 30 s. Five test evaluations were performed for each balance test. Postural control was found to be negatively correlated with increased adiposity, as the obese BMI group performed significantly poorer than the underweight, normal weight and overweight groups during BLS and ULS tests. The underweight, normal weight and overweight groups exhibited greater anterior-posterior stability in postural control during quiet stance. In addition, female displayed a trend of having a greater postural sway than male young adults, although it was evidenced in only some BMI groups. This study revealed that BMI do have an impact on postural control during both BLS and ULS. As such, BMI and genderspecific effects should be taken into consideration when selecting individuals for different types of sporting activities, especially those that require quiet standing.
The effect of load mass and its placement on postural sway
Applied Ergonomics, 2011
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing load on postural sway in two different carrying positions: backpack and waist jacket. Potential differences between males and females were additionally evaluated. 60 young college students participated in this study, and were assigned to backpack and waist jacket groups. The loads in both groups were 12, 21 and 30 kg. Stabilometry was used to assess the amount of postural sway. The medio-lateral and antero-posterior mean sway, mean velocity, mediolateral and antero-posterior path length and sway area of the centre of pressure position were calculated.
Age-Related Changes in Postural Control in Physically Inactive Older Women
Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001), 2017
The maintenance of postural control is influenced by the complexity of a given task. Tasks that require greater attention and cognitive involvement increase the risk of falls among older adults. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the adaptation of the postural control system to different levels of task complexity in physically inactive young and older women. A cross-sectional study was conducted with adult women classified as physically inactive based on the results of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The participants were 27 young (20-30 years of age) and 27 older (60-80 years of age) women. Sway velocity of the center of pressure in the anterior-posterior and medial-lateral directions was calculated using a force plate under 6 conditions: standing directly on the force plate or on a foam placed over the force plate, eyes open or closed, and task complexity with and without the foam. A 2-way analysis of variance revealed that sway velocity increased in b...
Postural Control Mechanisms in Healthy Adults in Sitting and Standing Positions 1
Perceptual and Motor Skills, 2015
This study explored differences in the center of pressure in healthy people in a sitting and standing position and with eyes open and closed. With this purpose, 32 healthy participants (16 men, 16 women; M age = 25.2 yr., SD = 10.0, range = 18–55) were measured with an extensiometric force plate. Using a two–way repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), the root mean square, velocity, range, and sway, in both visual conditions, had higher values in the standing task than in the sitting task. In the frequency domain, the low-frequency band had higher values during the standing task. For control mechanism variables, mean distance and time were greater when standing while mean peaks were greater when sitting. Thus, stability is worse in the standing position and more neuromuscular activity is required to maintain balance.
The Influence of Physical Load on Dynamic Postural Control—A Systematic Replication Study
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 2020
Dynamic postural control is challenged during many actions in sport such as when landing or cutting. A decrease of dynamic postural control is one possible risk factor for non-contact injuries. Moreover, these injuries mainly occur under loading conditions. Hence, to assess an athlete’s injury risk properly, it is essential to know how dynamic postural control is influenced by physical load. Therefore, the study’s objective was to examine the influence of maximal anaerobic load on dynamic postural control. Sixty-four sport students (32 males and 32 females, age: 24.11 ± 2.42, height: 175.53 ± 8.17 cm, weight: 67.16 ± 10.08 kg) were tested with the Y-Balance Test before and after a Wingate Anaerobic Test on a bicycle ergometer. In both legs, reach distances (anterior) and composite scores were statistically significantly reduced immediately after the loading protocol. The values almost returned to pre-load levels in about 20 min post-load. Overall, findings indicate an acute negative...
Changes in postural sway and its fractions in conditions of postural instability
2006
We investigated changes in postural sway and its fractions associated with manipulations of the dimensions of the support area. Nine healthy adults stood as quietly as possible, with their eyes open, on a force plate as well as on 5 boards with reduced support area. The center of pressure (COP) trajectory was computed and decomposed into rambling (Rm) and trembling (Tr) trajectories. Sway components were quantifi ed using RMS (root mean square) value, average velocity, and sway area. During standing on the force plate, the RMS was larger for the anterior-posterior (AP) sway components than for the mediolateral (ML) components. During standing on boards with reduced support area, sway increased in both directions. The increase was more pronounced when standing on boards with a smaller support area. Changes in the larger dimension of the support area also affected sway, but not as much as changes in the smaller dimension. ML instability had larger effects on indices of sway compared to AP instability. The average velocity of Rm was larger while the average velocity of Tr was smaller in the AP direction vs. the ML direction. The fi ndings can be interpreted within the hypothesis of an active search function of postural sway. During standing on boards with reduced support area, increased sway may by itself lead to loss of balance. The fi ndings also corroborate the hypothesis of Duarte and Zatsiorsky that Rm and Tr reveal different postural control mechanisms.
Evaluation of Postural Stability in Young and Elderly Women
Biomedical Human Kinetics, 2018
Study aim: Assessment of postural stability performed on an unstable stabilometry platform. Comparison of the results obtained by two groups consisting of elderly (OW) (60+ years old) and younger women (YW).Material and methods: Seventy-three female volunteers were divided into two groups: 40 young women (20.2 ± 1.75), and 32 elderly women (68.3 ± 7.43). Participants performed five stability tests on Biodex Balance System SD: three 20-second tries, the Postural Stability Test (PST) and the Fall Risk Test (FRT). Three stability indexes - overall (OSI), anterior-posterior (APSI), and medial-lateral (MLSI) - both with eyes open (EO) and closed (EC) were analyzed. The impact of vision on balance was calculated as EC-EO. Also effect size was calculated and evaluated.Results: All of the parameters differed significantly between groups in favour of YW. The largest difference in significance as well as effect size was noted for FRT, p < 0.001 and 1.86 respectively. Tries measure the imp...
Effect of cognitive load on postural control
Brain Research Bulletin, 2002
The present study reports findings from two experiments on the relation between a mental task (silent backward counting) and posture. The first experiment included 30 normal subjects and the second experiment 20 normal subjects. In Experiment 1 postural sway and performance of the mental task were measured in a 2 × 2 dual-task design (with or without mental task and calf stimulation). In Experiment 2 a similar design was used, the only difference being that during trials without the mental task, subjects were instructed to focus on their balance and provide a rating of body sway. Results showed that balance perturbation led to decreased performance on the cognitive task in Experiment 1, but not in Experiment 2. The mental task led to less body sway, while focused attention attenuated the effect. In conclusion, control of body sway and cognitive functioning are to some extent related.