Perspectives on smart stents with sensors: From conventional permanent to novel bioabsorbable smart stent technologies (original) (raw)
2020, MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS
Percutaneous coronary intervention with the aid of cardiovascular stents is the widely used therapeutic procedure for treating occlusive vascular diseases associated with the plaque deposition inside blood vessels. In spite of the momentous evolution and innovations in the field of medical technologies as well as biomaterial science, cardiovascular stents are still associated with several limitations. The introduction of bare metal stents, which revolutionized the field of interventional cardiology, was later hampered by the occurrence of restenosis (recurrence of arterial narrowing after surgery) and target lesion revascularization (repeated percutaneous intervention or revascularization within a stent) (Nordrehaug, Wiseth, & Bønaa, 2016; Piccolo et al., 2019). Repeated attempts to correct stenotic regions can often result in rupture of vessel that can elicit blood clot formation (thrombosis) or even lead to life-threatening haemorrhage (Farooq and Gogas Bill, 2011). Restenosis occurrence originating from proliferative neointimal tissue growth in response to strut-related injury and inflammation can be clinically evident typically within 6-9 months after stent placement (Alfonso, Byrne, Rivero, & Kastrati, 2014; Moliterno, 2005). In order to specifically address the restenosis problem, the first-generation drug-eluting stents with a drug-loaded (paclitaxel) polymer coating on a metallic platform (316L stainless steel) were de
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