The Analysis of Rhodococcus ruber in Different Growth Conditions Using Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry (PyMS) (original) (raw)
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Genomic and phenomic differentiation of Rhodococcus equi and related strains
2000
16S rDNA sequence and pyrolysis mass spectrometric analyses were carried out on representatives of Rhodococcus equi and marker strains of genera that encompass mycolic acid containing actinomycetes. The R. equi strains formed a monophyletic clade within the evolutionary radiation occupied by members of the genera Nocardia and Rhodococcus. The 16S rDNA sequence data also showed R. equi to be an heterogeneous taxon. This heterogeneity was underscored by the pyrolysis mass spectrometric data. These observations are in line with those of previous studies where similar profiles of relatedness were found between pyrolysis mass spectral data and the results of DNA:DNA pairing and numerical phenetic studies.
Biotechnology of Rhodococcus for the production of valuable compounds
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
Bacteria belonging to Rhodococcus genus represent ideal candidates for microbial biotechnology applications because of their metabolic versatility, ability to degrade a wide range of organic compounds, and resistance to various stress conditions, such as metal toxicity, desiccation, and high concentration of organic solvents. Rhodococcus spp. strains have also peculiar biosynthetic activities that contribute to their strong persistence in harsh and contaminated environments and provide them a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. This review is focused on the metabolic features of Rhodococcus genus and their potential use in biotechnology strategies for the production of compounds with environmental, industrial, and medical relevance such as biosurfactants, bioflocculants, carotenoids, triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoate, siderophores, antimicrobials, and metal-based nanostructures. These biosynthetic capacities can also be exploited to obtain high value-added products...
Carbon isotope fractionation studies of bacterial strain Rhodococcus rhodochrous MTCC 291
Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India, 2013
Carbon isotope fractionation associated with the aerobic consumption of propane (C3) were determined using Rhodococcus rhodochrous MTCC 291 bacterial strain to estimate the amount of hydrocarbon oxidized using GC, fractionation of delta13C carbon isotopes of propane and CO2 using GC-C-IRMS and growth of bacteria by UV-Visible Spectrophotometer. The initial delta13C isotopic value of propane was -34 per thousand and after incubation the changes of the isotopic values have been determined on 6th, 10th, 14th, and 17th days. The propane isotopic fractionation value was found to be maximum of -38.0 per thousand with an average value of -36.5 per thousand and a standard deviation of -1.22 per thousand. The initial delta13C isotopic value of CO2 was -19.601 per thousand. The CO2 isotopic fractionation value was found to be maximum of -29.153 per thousand with an average value of -26.859 per thousand and a standard deviation of -28.338 per thousand. The consumption of propane gas was estima...
International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology, 2015
The genus Rhodococcus is gram positive bacterium which was classified into the family of Nocardiaceae. The organism can be isolates from different sources, with capability to degrade diverse types of pollutant. Nowadays, scientists reported a few secondary metabolites which are produced by Rhodococci. Hence, the present study tried to isolate Rhodococci from different soil samples with the capability to produce antimicrobial metabolites. For this purpose 360 soil samples were collected from different types of soil. Then the isolates were identified and characterized using APi Coryne kit. Afterward antibacterial activity of the suspected bacteria was evaluated using well diffusion agar method against test bacteria. Furthermore, the extracted metabolites were analysed using GC-MS. The results obtained from this study indicated that 4 out of 9 isolates were able to produce antimicrobial metabolites. The most effective isolates were R87 strain with the maximum inhibition zone of 35 mm ...
Classification of strain CCM 4446T as Rhodococcus degradans sp. nov
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2015
Strain CCM 4446T, with notable biodegradation capabilities, was investigated in this study in order to elucidate its taxonomic position. Chemotaxonomic analyses of quinones, polar lipids, mycolic acids, polyamines and the diamino acid of the cell-wall peptidoglycan corresponded with characteristics of the genus Rhodococcus. Phylogenetic analysis, based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence, assigned strain CCM 4446T to the genus Rhodococcus and placed it in the Rhodococcus erythropolis 16S rRNA gene clade. Further analysis of catA and gyrB gene sequences, automated ribotyping with EcoRI restriction endonuclease, whole-cell protein profiling, DNA–DNA hybridization and extensive biotyping enabled differentiation of strain CCM 4446T from all phylogenetically closely related species, i.e., Rhodococcus baikonurensis, Rhodococcus qingshengii, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Rhodococcus globerulus. The results obtained show that the strain investigated represents a novel species within the genus Rhod...
Folia Microbiologica
Rhodococcus spp. strains are widespread in diverse natural and anthropized environments thanks to their high metabolic versatility, biodegradation activities, and unique adaptation capacities to several stress conditions such as the presence of toxic compounds and environmental fluctuations. Additionally, the capability of Rhodococcus spp. strains to produce high value-added products has received considerable attention, mostly in relation to lipid accumulation. In relation with this, several works carried out omic studies and genome comparative analyses to investigate the genetic and genomic basis of these anabolic capacities, frequently in association with the bioconversion of renewable resources and low-cost substrates into triacylglycerols. This review is focused on these omic analyses and the genetic and metabolic approaches used to improve the biosynthetic and bioconversion performance of Rhodococcus. In particular, this review summarizes the works that applied heterologous exp...
New insights into the genome of Rhodococcus ruber strain Chol-4
BMC Genomics, 2019
Background: Rhodococcus ruber strain Chol-4, a strain isolated from a sewage sludge sample, is able to grow in minimal medium supplemented with several compounds, showing a broad catabolic capacity. We have previously determined its genome sequence but a more comprehensive study of their metabolic capacities was necessary to fully unravel its potential for biotechnological applications. Results: In this work, the genome of R. ruber strain Chol-4 has been re-sequenced, revised, annotated and compared to other bacterial genomes in order to investigate the metabolic capabilities of this microorganism. The analysis of the data suggests that R. ruber Chol-4 contains several putative metabolic clusters of biotechnological interest, particularly those involved on steroid and aromatic compounds catabolism. To demonstrate some of its putative metabolic abilities, R. ruber has been cultured in minimal media containing compounds belonging to several of the predicted metabolic pathways. Moreover, mutants were built to test the naphtalen and protocatechuate predicted catabolic gene clusters. Conclusions: The genomic analysis and experimental data presented in this work confirm the metabolic potential of R. ruber strain Chol-4. This strain is an interesting model bacterium due to its biodegradation capabilities. The results obtained in this work will facilitate the application of this strain as a biotechnological tool.
Studies on the Rod-Coccus Life Cycle of Rhodococcus equi
Journal of Veterinary Medicine, Series B, 1997
In the present study all 19 Rhodococcus equi cultures isolated from horses and 19 of 22 R. equi cultures isolated from human patients displayed a rod-coccus life cycle after cultivation under defined growth conditions. A bacillary growth could he observed after cultivation of the bacteria in fluid meda for 4 h at 3 7 O C , a coccoid morpholo&y after cultivation of the bacteria for 24 h either on sheep blood agar plates or in fluid media. The different morphological features did not significantly influence the typability of the bacteria o r the expression of surface proteins includng 15-17 kDa virulence proteins. Studm on further surface characteristics revealcd a relation between haemagglutinating properties, the surface hydrophobicity and adherence properties of the bacteria to HeLa cells. These properties seemed to be influenced by the cultivation conditions but not by the different morphological forms of the bacteria. A haemagglutination reaction, a hydrophobic surface and an enhanced adherence to HeLa cells could be observed with coccoid bacteria after cultivation in fluid media for 24 h at 37OC hut not with coccoid bacteria harvested from sheep blood agar plates or with bacillary bacteria after 4 h growth in fluid media. This difference might possibly be caused by the degree of encapsulation of the bacteria after various cultivation conditions and a subsequent masking effect of the hydrophilic polysaccharide capsule of R. equi.
Adaptation of Rhodococcus erythropolis cells for growth and bioremediation under extreme conditions
Research in Microbiology, 2012
Bioremediation of contaminated sites is rarely performed in nature under ideal growth conditions for bacteria. Extremophiles can grow at extreme values of temperature, pH, ionic strength and metal concentrations, but it may be difficult to find and isolate those possessing the required metabolic activities. In the present work, Rhodococcus erythropolis, a bacterium known to possess a large number of catabolic activities, was adapted to grow at 4e37 C, pH 3e11 and in the presence of up to 7.5% sodium chloride and 1% copper sulfate. The large majority of adapted cells were able to maintain polarization of the membrane under the most difficult conditions tested and to adjust the net surface charge. The cells changed the composition of fatty acids of the cellular membrane according to conditions endured. Changes in the relative proportion of straight, methyl and cyclopropyl saturated, unsaturated and hydroxyl substituted fatty acids were observed, as well as production of polyunsaturated fatty acids unusual in bacteria. The adapted R. erythropolis cells were able to degrade C6eC16 n-alkanes and alcohols under the previously considered extreme conditions for this bacterium.
Utilization of organosulphur compounds by axenic and mixed cultures of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTS8
Journal of General Microbiology, 1993
Growth assays reveal that Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTSS uses a wide range of organosulphur compounds as the sole source of sulphur, yet none of the compounds serve as carbon sources. Compounds that are utilized include thiophenes, sulphides, disulphides, mercaptans, sulphoxides, and sulphones. A convenient spectrophotometric assay (Gibbs assay), based on the chromogenic reaction of 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide with aromatic hydroxyl groups, was developed and used in conjunction with GC/MS analyses to examine the kinetics of dibenzothiophene metabolism by axenic and mixed cell cultures of Rhodococcus rhodochrous IGTSS. The desulphurization trait is expressed at increasing levels during the exponential phase of growth and then declines in stationary-phase cells.