Buffer Zone Method, Land Use Planning and Conservation Strategies about Wetlands Under Urbanization Pressure in Turkey (original) (raw)

An Example of Constructed Wetland Planning for a Rural Settlement in Turkey

2019

Artificial wetlands are one of the methods that are used to recover the water specifically for domestic use or for agricultural activities without damaging the environment. These are the combination of biological, chemical and physical treatment systems, including microorganisms, plants, animals and aquatic ecology. These systems are economical because they do not require energy, special equipment, and trained personnel to operate them. This study focuses on the planning of constructed wetlands in the existing rural settlements or in future rural settlements that need to be re-planned as a result of various factors in Turkey conditions. In this study, an artificial wetland plan sample was prepared for domestic wastewater treatment in Demirgecit Village, which has cold climatic conditions, a projection population of 350 and a height of approximately 1750 m above sea level. As a result of the planning, the wetland area consisting of two chambers of 0.7m depth, 20m width, and 40m lengt...

Wetland management in Turkey: Problems, achievements and perspectives

Due to the extremely variable topography and diverse climate, Turkey has a great biodiversity in the term of flora and fauna. One of the main features that compose the rich biodiversity in Turkey is wetlands. Although the ecological and economical worth of the wetlands have been valued recently and considerable initiatives have been carried out in Turkey for the last decade, there are still significant threats and problems concerning the conservation and management of the wetlands. It is aimed in this paper to inquire into the issues experienced to date about wetlands and to discuss the steps that have been taken for solution of these issues in order to evolve suggestions that will provide guidance over and support to the road maps developed to ensure consistency of the wetlands in Turkey.

Human-Induced Wetland Degradation: A Case Study of Lake Amik (Southern Turkey)

BALWOIS 2008, 2008

.Turkey has more than 250 wetlands covering a total area of approximately 1 million ha. 63 wetlands are of prime importance, among which the former Lake Amik exists. Even though lands of over 1,3 million ha (totally 57%) have been disappeared as a consequence of wetland desiccation, significant efforts were attempted to prevent the decrease in areas of wetlands during the past 15 years. The desiccation of Turkey’s wetlands emerged from various causes such as agricultural activities, growth in industrial and residential areas, road constructions, malaria eradication, flood prevention and etc. Nevertheless, these human interferences have caused crucial environmental degradations. The former Lake Amik’s wetland, which had a total area of 31000 ha in the 1950s prior to desiccation works, is a dramatic example of degraded wetlands in Turkey. The area is located in one of the main routes of migratory birds. In fact, approximately half a million birds follow the Lake Amik migration route. The initial cause of wetland desiccation in the area was the first attempt for cultivation of cotton in the early 1940s. However, despite all high-cost projects carried out to drain this wetland during the last 60 years, desiccation works failed except for the success in the decrease of the number of malaria cases. As a matter of fact, serious unexpected results occurred such as low productivity and salinity in newly obtained farming lands, failure in combating flood, resultant increase in poverty of low-income farmers and disappearance of wetland habitat in the area. In addition, severe deteriorations that took place in water quality and balance of the area have also simultaneously annihilated living wetland organisms. In this study, recent status of wetlands in Turkey and environmental, ecological and economical problems encountered in and around the recently desiccated Lake Amik, one of the most significant wetlands of Turkey, are discussed. Our results reveal that human interference in wetlands may give rise to serious adverse effects on natural life cycle and local welfare. Thus, “the experience of Lake Amik”, which is a remarkable example to degraded wetlands, proves both the non-recyclable damages caused by human interference and the deficiency of technological applications in such environments.

Environmental Politics-Wetland Management in Turkey Case Study: Sultansazligi

2010

This study summarizes the historical development of environmental management concept in Turkey. In this sense, some facts and figures about the wetlands of Turkey are given to describe the types of problems of the wetlands. A set of constructive comments on the water resources management of wetlands with reference to state water management policy are listed. Current laws and regulations related to conservation of wetlands are introduced. Sultansazligi Wetland has been selected as case study area; field data were collected and water pollution analysis was made in order to define the origin of the ecological problems of Sultansazligi. It is concluded that Turkey, being aware of the importance of biological diversity and having a high eco-tourism potential around wetlands, has to make an integrated conservation program to minimize the existing and possible environmental problems.

A Proposal for the Utilization of Çardak Lagoon (Northwest Anatolia) and Its Vicinity Through Wetland Management

2011

Located on the Anatolian coast of the Canakkale Strait (Dardanelles) in Turkey, Cardak Lagoon constitutes an important wetland due to its richness of natural features that includes hosting many bird species. However, the Lagoon and its vicinity are utilized for various uncontrolled and inappropriate economic and recreational activities leading to the gradual destruction of the Lagoon. This study determined the current usage of the Lagoon and their primary negative impacts, from which a proposal is presented constituting a suitable Wetland Management Plan framework to preserve the unique ecological features of the Lagoon. Our responsibility for handing down this geographical, geomorphologic and biological heritage to future generations depends on consideration of the sustainability of current and future undertakings. At the same time, this process will reveal new ways of making use of the richness of the Lagoon.

Agrarian and Wetland Areas Under Metropolitan Threats: Learning from the Case of Inciralti, Izmir (Turkey)

Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 2019

The aim of the study is to determine the Land use/land cover (LULC) changes and conversions in Inciralti İzmir (Turkey), and the fragmentation of these land uses between 1996 and 2018. Aerial photographs and Quickbird satellite imagery were used to obtain data. Aerial photographs were georectified using 1: 25,000 scaled topographic maps. The feature (vector) boundary of the study area was used to subset aerial photographs and Quickbird satellite image. LULC classes were defined according to Coordination of Information on the Environment (CORINE) LULC classes. The defined LULCs were digitized. Between 1996 and 2018, the highest conversion rate among agricultural areas occurred in permanently irrigated land with 41.43%, and the highest conversion among wetlands were in inland marshes with 65.19%. Between 1996 and 2018, the LULC with the highest increase in the number of patches was coastal lagoons with 300%. Research data shows that there has been a great change, conversion and fragmentation process in construction sites, wetlands and agricultural areas in Inciralti between 1996 and 2018. Change, conversion, and fragmentation of LULCs have damaged the natural and cultural structure of Inciralti. In order to stop this damage, filling of wetlands and the construction on agricultural areas in Inciralti should be prevented.

Urban Development Consequences on the Wetland Ecosystems Transformations—Case Study: Pančevački Rit, Serbia

Contemporary Problems of Ecology, 2018

⎯The article analyzes the consequences of one century long human influences on vegetation of the wetland ecosystem, on the example of Pančevački Rit in Belgrade, Serbia. The autochthonous, non-altered ecosystem was formed in the alluvial plain between Danube and Timis River in the formation of connected swamps and bogs with periodically flooded patches. The major transformation of the wetland ecosystem started with the construction of the embankment and dense canal system followed by settlements development, increasing of population density, intensification of agriculture activities etc. The study area transformation factors were identified in the first phase of research, while the second phase includes analyses of their influences on habitat conversion using GIS, with the purpose to preserve fragments of indigenous wetland vegetation, mostly fragile wetland meadows from further degradation.