Biofabrication of calcium phosphate nanoparticles using the plant Mimusops elengi (original) (raw)
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Preparation and Characterization of Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
Key Engineering Materials, 2003
INEB – Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Lab. de Biomateriais, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150 -180 Porto, Portugal, cmmanuel@fe.up.pt Rensselaer Poly. Institute, Materials Science and Engineering Dep., Troy, NY, 12180-3590 USA, fosterm5@rpi.edu, doremr@rpi.edu Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Dep. de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal E-mail: fjmont@fe.up.pt Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Rua Carlos da Maia, 296, 4200-150 Porto, Portugal, mpferraz@ufp.up.pt Rensselaer Poly. Institute, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Troy, NY, USA, bizios@rpi.edu
Nanostructured calcium phosphates for biomedical applications: novel synthesis and characterization
Acta Biomaterialia, 2005
Materials play a key role in several biomedical applications, and it is imperative that both the materials and biological aspects are clearly understood for attaining a successful biological outcome. This paper illustrates our approach to implement calcium phosphates as gene delivery agents. Calcium phosphates (CaP) belong to the family of biocompatible apatites and there are several CaP phases, the most ubiquitous being hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 . Other CaP structures include brushite (B, CaHPO 4 AE 2H 2 O) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP, Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 ). Several low and high temperature approaches have been reported for synthesizing HAp and brushite, while TCP is primarily synthesized using high temperature methods. Novel low temperature chemical methods have been developed by us to synthesize nanostructured HAp, brushite and TCP phases. The new low temperature approach results in the formation of stoichiometric and nanosized HAp under physiological conditions. Moreover, the synthesis methods were designed to be biocompatible with biological systems such as cells, DNA and proteins so that the CaP structures can be studied for gene delivery. The use of HAp type CaP phases for gene delivery is well known but to our knowledge, other forms of CaP have not been studied for gene delivery due to the lack of a biocompatible synthesis method. In addition to the biocompatible synthesis of CaP structures, we have also performed ion substitution that would provide us the appropriate tools to study the DNA-to-particle interactions and assess how these ionic substitutions would affect the level of DNA uptake by the cell and then its release to the cell nucleus.
Materials
Calcium phosphate (CaP) with several chemical compositions and morphologies was prepared by precipitation using aqueous solutions of L-Glutamic acid (H2G) and calcium hydroxide, both mixed together with an aqueous solution (0.15 M) of phosphoric acid. Plate-shaped dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (brushite) particles were obtained and identified at a lower concentration of the solution of the reactants. The Ca/P ratio deduced by EDS was ~1, as expected. The nanoscale dimension of carbonate apatite and amorphous calcium phosphate, with variable Ca/P ratios, were revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis (SEM-EDS). They were characterized in medium and high concentrations of calcium hydroxide (0.15 M and 0.20 M). The equilibria involved in all the reactions in aqueous solution were determined. The thermodynamic calculations showed a decrease in the amount of chelate complexes with an increase in pH, being the op...
Calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology, 2011
Bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications are areas of biomedicine where nanoparticles have had significant impact, but the use of a nanomaterial in these applications can be limited by its physicochemical properties. Calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles are nontoxic and biodegradable, and are therefore considered attractive candidates for bioimaging and therapeutic drug delivery applications. Also, the pH-dependent solubility profiles of calcium phosphate materials make this class of nanoparticles especially useful for in vitro and in vivo delivery of dyes, oligonucleotides, and drugs. In this article, we discuss how calcium phosphate-based composite nanoparticles fulfill some of the requirements typically made for nanoparticles in biomedical applications. We also highlight recent studies in bioimaging and therapeutic delivery applications focusing on how these studies have addressed some of the challenges associated with using these nanoparticles in bioimaging and delivery of therapeutics.
Anisotropic calcium phosphate nanoparticles coated with 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid
The principles of nanoparticle synthesis established for semiconductors were used for preparation of anisotropic calcium phosphate dispersions, which could be essential for a number of bone-related biomedical applications. Calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CP NPs) with relatively high monodispersity were synthesized from aqueous calcium nitrate and phosphoric acid in the presence of 2-carboxyethylphosphonic acid (CEPA). They form stable colloidal solutions displaying minimal agglomeration. CP NPs are produced in a discoid shape with a diameter of 30–80 nm and a height of less than 5 nm. The predominant phase of the particles is brushite with some amount of apatite and amorphous calcium phosphate. Both structural and colloidal properties of the prepared nanocrystalline form of calcium phosphate make the particles suitable for further exploration for bone regeneration.
Ingeniería y Competitividad, 2017
Calcium phosphates are ceramics materials used in the manufacture of bone substitutes, due to their composition which is similar to the bones, they are bioactive, osteoconductivity and works in favor of forming porous structures, allowing vascularization and cell adhesion; furthermore they stand out for their biocompatibility. They are currently employed in the replacement of bone tissue in several clinical applications such as bone cements and fillers. Within this paper, nanoparticles of different calcium phosphates were obtained and characterized by two methods reported in the literature, centrifugation and hydrothermal treatment from precipitation reaction. The powders were characterized by XRD and FE-SEM. The results prove that both methods are suitable for the obtaining of nanoparticles of calcium phosphates, which is verified in the micrographs obtained where different morphologies are observed. Particles in nanoscale for most powders obtained have average diameter between 44.98 and 82.21 nm and average length between 123.91 and 151.48 nm. Diffractograms by both methods show the presence of calcium phosphates with different potential applications in bone tissue engineering, for the hydrothermal method was found that the temperature and time are major factors during stabilizing of phases. From this study it was concluded that both synthesis methods are suitable for obtaining nanoparticles and stabilization of different phases of calcium phosphate, being protocols 1, 3 and 4 the most suitable for biomedical applications
International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2020
The aim of this study was to develop, optimize and characterize carbohydrate coated calcium phosphate nanoparticles of Chelidonium majus L. extract along with carried out in vivo study to observe activity in the liver. Methods: Surface modified calcium phosphate nanoparticles of Chelidonium majus L. extract were developed and optimized. Extract loading and particle size were the two responses, effects on which were analyzed. Characterization studies, in vitro extract release and in vivo distribution studies were carried out. Also in vivo histopathological analysis was carried out to observe effects of extract loaded nanoparticles in liver of wistar albino rats in paracetamol, rifampicin-isoniazid, cisplatin and carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity. Results: Pareto chart and surface response curve indicated that sonication time, the concentration of lactose and concentration of extract were important factors affecting particle size and extract loading. ANOVA was performed and obtained data pointed out that model was significant for both responses. Particle size and zeta potential results indicated the stability of prepared nanoparticles along with extract was loaded (37.22 %) satisfactorily on coated cores. Characterization studies indicated no interaction between the components and also extract release demonstrated diffusion-controlled mechanism. These extract loaded nanoparticles were largely found in the liver than heart, lungs. Hepatoprotective activity of nanoparticles of the extract was confirmed by correlating histopathology results of normal, toxic, silymarin treated, extract-treated and formulation treated groups. Conclusion: Lactose coated nanoparticles of calcium phosphate proved to be excellent carriers of plant extract. These nanoparticles efficiently targeted liver and generated cellular protective action in hepatic damage.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019
The objective of this study was to biosynthesize calcium oxide (CaO) with the employment of the extract of red dragon fruit peels (Hylocereus polyrhizus) as the biologically reductive agent and to investigate the catalytic performance of the biosynthesized CaO on Candida albicans in aqueous conditions. In the initial process, the biosynthesis was carried out by conditioning the extract of dragon fruit peels reacting with CaCl2.2H2O as a precursor of calcium metal in the system. Continuing the characterization process of the biosynthesized results using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), it had maximum absorbance at 450 nm, which was indicated by the presence of Ca-O bond in the biosynthesized sample. Another characterization using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed the typical wave numbers that were observed at 505.35 and 540.07 cm-1. This could be noticed on the IR absorption spectra of CaO crystals. The physical analysis using Scanning electron microscope (SEM) proved the morphology of the biosynthesized CaO which was in the rod shape (fibber), in which the Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) confirmed the contents of the biosynthesized sample. The contents were calcium (29.06%) and oxygen (43,94%). Finally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization showed that the average size of the biosynthesized CaO was 18.98 nm, which means that the produced materials can be classified into Nanoscale based on their sizes. The anti-microorganism activity of the biosynthesized CaO was observed using antifungal experiment against Candida albicans at various concentrations of 4500, 5900 and 6600 μg/mL under turbidimetry method. This indicated its inhibition percentage of 62.2%, 83.5% and 91.8%, respectively. This study revealed that the aqueous extract of the red dragon fruit peels (H. Polyrhizus) was successfully used as biological mediator on the CaO biosynthesis, and the biosynthesized CaO showed inorganic antifungal activity against C. Albicans.