Towards illiberal conditioning? New politics of media regulations in Poland (2015–2018) (original) (raw)
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The media in Poland: Five years after the breakdown
Academia Letters, 2021
One day later, the Act took effect. An immediate replacement of the Polish TV and Polish Radio Boards and Supervisory Boards members followed. The principle which formed the basis of the regulatory philosophy of this system and has been in force since the early 1990s was also questioned, i.e. that the government's authority over public media is exercised by an authority other than that directly subordinate to the government or a part of it. What has happened in Poland with respect to the public media proves the media's position vis a vis the authorities and the politics typical for the Central and Eastern Europe where the deeply rooted traditional media philosophy has still been in force in line with the well-established behavioural patterns connected with the post-authoritarian culture; the degree varying from country to country. Ironically, the latter facilitates the development, in Central and Eastern Europe, of the phenomenon named "Italianisation of the media". 1 The notion occurred in 1980s as a result of the then developed model of the Italian media. Let's recall its characteristic features: • Strong state control of the media • Close relations between the media and the ruling party
Public Television in Poland Political Pressure and Public Service Media in a Post- communist Country
Routledge, 2021
This book examines the professional activity of public television journalists in Poland operating in the still unstable system of a postcommunist state, to demonstrate how the media can work in the public interest to strengthen democracy. Drawing on in-depth interviews with Telewizja Polska (TVP) journalists, the author shows how public television in Poland has become highly politicised and commercialised, and must defend against constant attacks on its autonomy. She draws parallels with the media systems in Hungary and the Czech Republic to analyse potential legal solutions and to highlight how Poland's journalists are subject to influences from the political class as well as from the market-a situation brought about by flawed legislation, the absence of a political culture, an inefficient internal regulating process and lack of suitable training for the journalists themselves. Adding an important perspective on recently developed media systems, this book will be an important resource for scholars and students of journalism, media studies, media industries, politics and media history. Agnieszka Węglińska is an associate professor in the Department of Journalism and Communication, the Faculty of Applied Studies at the University of Lower Silesia, Poland. Her research concentrates on public service media and transformation of media systems in Europe.
Politics and the Media in Poland from the 19th to the 21st Centuries
Brill, 2024
The book presents the latest research and reflects on the relationships between the media and politics, using the case study method. It delves into the interests of Polish researchers from various centres. The individual chapters focus on different types of both old and new media, including the press, books, radio and the Internet. The authors are historians, media experts and political scientists, sociologists, cultural experts, linguists and representatives of other disciplines. As a result, the research methods, hypotheses and research results present a range of perspectives.
ATHENAEUM Polish Political Science Studies, 2021
This study addresses the positioning of Poland’s public television network (TVP) within the country’s contemporary political system. In a democratic country, the media laws determine journalism practices and the media content. In this study, three perspectives of analysis were used to assess the relationship between the process of politicization and the selection and shaping of news. Three areas of the TVP’s politicization were focused on: media law, journalists, and media content, to show the dependence between these fields and how the news was shaped and presented. Mixed methods of empirical research were used to investigate the raised issues; the authors focused on Polish parliament papers (N = 45) regarding the legal regulations of Polish public broadcasters during the period of 2015–2016; conducted in-depth interviews with journalists with TVP experience (N = 20); and performed a content analysis of the Polish public television channel TVP1’s “Newsnight” news program during the period of February 4–10, 2019. We found that an increased level of politicization at Poland’s TVP led to direct influence on the shape and selection of news.
Politicisation of the polish media or mediatisation of polish politics?
Środkowoeuropejskie Studia Polityczne, 2014
Today the mass media are referred to as ‘the fourth estate’. It did not take long for them to be elevated to this position and calling them this term puts them on a par with the other three types of power. Strong dependence is thus present between the political and the media systems. Therefore, it seems reasonable to pose the following questions: Which is currently exerting greater influence – the media on politics or maybe politics on the media? Are we dealing with the mediatisation of Polish politics or politicisation of the Polish media? These are just a few questions that come up with regard to the relationships between these two spheres of life. The purpose of this article is to differentiate and describe the levels on which the realms of Polish politics and the media meet, confront each other and cooperate. It is therefore necessary to examine the legal framework for the mass media, the interference of Polish politicians in the shaping and functioning of the institution controlling and regulating the Polish media – Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji [the National Broadcasting Council], as well as to draw attention to the agenda-setting theory and the role journalists play in relations with politicians.
Media landscape of Poland - from a distance
2014
This short essay is meant for scholars and students of mass media who need a basic introduction to the largest media market in Eastern Europe-Poland. The contemporary Polish media system functions within a framework shaped by the process of transformation from authoritarian communism to liberal democracy, and it is impossible to understand without some knowledge of that transformation. Therefore the text consists of three parts: the postwar communist authoritarian system (1944-1989), the transformation from authoritarian communism to liberal democracy (1989-2004) and recent trends including the rise of the "new" online media (2004-2013).
Central European Journal of Communication, 2016
Th is book is a much needed contribution to the study of media and media change in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). It focuses on the relationship between the media and politics, and seeks to overcome the Anglo-American bias characteristic in both analyses of media-politics in the non-Western world, and in the study of the transformation of media systems in post-communist Europe. Th e need to de-Westernize media studies in the new European democracies has been repeatedly articulated in the literature ever since the fi rst decade of the post-communist transformations (see e.g., Sparks, 2000; Lauk, 2015). In the 2010s there appeared several valuable collections that contributed signifi cantly to this task (
Over two decades have passed by since Poland took the course of democratic changes. In the early 1990s the press sector was re-established as a consequence of de-monopolization and has been taken over by foreigners. The electronic media sector has been restricted for 15 years and foreign companies could only have one third of the ownership. The complexity of Polish media system reflects the long way from communism and governmental media towards free democratized market with some remnants of the previous era. It is hard to predict when it will be shaped in a brand new way and if it is generally possible.
PRIMING EUROPE. TWO PERSPECTIVES ON THE EUROPEAN ISSUES IN POLAND, 2020
ABSTRACT The concept of priming is regarded as one of the most prominent approaches concerning media effects. In the current study, we aim to understand how the media message is able to impact the attitudes concerning European issues. In particular, we intend to find out how these issues are primed out in the media message, as well as how they are primed in the par-ticipants’ minds. When processing this research issue, we assumed that watching TV news which presents the pro-European or Euro-sceptic message causes a change of the direction of original attitude towards Europe or the EU. The material under investigation includes both pro-European and Euro-sceptic content offered by two Polish TV stations. The two-phase sequential mix-methods approach used in the study combines both the thematic analysis (504 news; TVP and TVN, 2016) and experimental design (N=192). The results of the the-matic analysis revealed that two super-themes (one pro-European and one Euro-sceptic) organised media communication. The results of the experimental stage showed that the Euro-sceptic message was more effective than the pro-European one. Keywords: priming ■ pro-European ■ Euro-sceptic ■ mix-method approach ■ TV news