A Reflection on Theories of Light , Quantum Theory: Reconsideration of Foundations 6 AIP Conf. Proc. 1508, pp. 459-463 (2012); Eds: Andrei Khrennikov, H. Atmanspacher, Alan Migdall, and Sergey Polyakov (http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AIPC.1508..459Q) (original) (raw)

Quantum Optical Mechanics (QOM): Abolishing 'Light'. [UET6]

This paper replaces the hypothetical 'object' called 'Light' (wave/photon). This sixth report on a new research programme that is investigating the electromagnetic (EM) interaction. This paper analyzes the effects of interactions arising from multiple, remote electrons on one or several, local 'target' electrons. These interactions are the result of the new quantized form of the EM impulse introduced in the previous paper. This model is used to re-interpret various optical effects that have previously required the existence of a fundamental object known as 'LIGHT': a basic entity, considered to be either a particle or a wave (or even both?-the 'photon') that travels across space. In contrast, this new EM model is constructed upon the key role of the 'light' emission processes, categorized as either oscillatory (as in antenna) or transitory (as within atoms). These real emission processes are now integrated into the asynchronous action-at-a-distance model of the EM interaction that is the basis of this new theory. Mathematically, this new model describes algebraically how variable or periodic phenomena (that have been assumed require the use of waves) can be explained by periodic, asynchronous, remote interactions between point particles without any use of differential equations (including the wave equation). This paper now extends the earlier pair-wise interaction between two electrons into the many-body world of macroscopic reality. The two key ideas of interaction saturation and selection are now introduced, which totally differentiate this theory from all other theories constructed around universal, continuous interaction (or 'force') models. By eliminating all the ray, wave and photon models of 'light' this paper now extends the original Newtonian mechanical philosophy of nature to the major domain of optics: both classical and quantum. The emphasis is on the electrons and on the relationship between electrons and not on some hypothetical 'carrier' that travels between them – this is the Newtonian action-at-a-distance particulate model extended to multiple times. The idea of selection leads to the introduction of information waves that identify the location and velocities of all other electrons that might participate in a ray-like exchange of momentum between pairs of electrons (saturation) that always act like particles (real trajectories across space). These supra-luminal waves do not carry momentum but ensure that the interaction minimizes the exchange of action across a non-local region of space. This new model resolves the long-time paradox of electrons as waves or particles: electrons are seen here as real point particles that interact periodically (rather than continuously) together; the focus is on the relationship between them that can be described by the discrete mathematics of particles or the periodic mathematics usually associated with waves. This paper includes the first analytical solution to the 3D scattering of two electrons – in the center-of-mass frame of reference both electrons are shown to go in quantized spiraling, conical motions: towards each other and then away from each other. The present theory provides an alternative to Feynman's mathematical approach to " the mysterious properties of light " while providing a physical explanation for some of the calculational diagrams introduced by Feynman in his approach to quantum electrodynamics (QED). This now replaces all field theories of 'light' without introducing the concept of the photon or virtual particles and so eliminates all QED infinities in the physical properties associated with the interactions of electrons arising from the false idea of vacuum polarization, returning the vacuum to its Newtonian role as the passive, empty space between real particles. This new EM theory establishes a firm foundation for a new quantum theory that covers all scales of nature from the macroscopic to the heart of the atomic nucleus, while covering the complete range of interaction sets from a pair of electrons to the myriads of electrons existing in macroscopic objects. The next (companion) paper will explain the wave-like properties of electrons while providing a new, comprehensive theory of quantum measurement. This next paper will finally establish the critical link between the realistic model of the micro-world introduced so far and the macroscopic world of scientific measurements.

The Photon and the Quantum Enigma Shlomo Barak

2018

We model the Photon as a space lattice oscillation, in a plane perpendicular to its line of propagation. This propagation is at the light velocity c. This plane is vertical or horizontal or rotating clockwise or anti-clockwise. This oscillation occupies a finite space volume of a defined shape, structure and size. Papers [1] and [2] model electromagnetism as the geometrodynamics of space; we show that the elastic space lattice oscillating displacement vector is the oscillating electric field, pointing in the opposite direction. For simplicity we ignore the magnetic field. We also show that our photons and ground state photons the photoms, condense when they are in phase and disperse when in anti-phase. This feature explains the double slit experiment, both for an ensemble of photons (classical EM wave) and single photons. It dispels the need for attributing a dualistic nature to single photons that arrive at the screen one at a time.

Classical 4D Model of the Discrete Universe: Quantum and Relativity 6. The Electromagnetic Field

This chapter presents a reinterpretation of the electromagnetic field from the perspective of a four-dimensional (4D) model of the universe. Traditionally, the electromagnetic field is described as a combination of an electric field and a magnetic field in three-dimensional space. However, this model suggests that the electric field is a temporal manifestation of the magnetic field, unifying both into a single electromagnetic entity that includes both spatial and temporal components. Throughout the chapter, classical phenomena such as the interaction between coils and the generation of magnetic fields by electric currents are analyzed, integrating them into the 4D structure. It is proposed that traditional electromagnetic forces can be interpreted as interactions between the spatial and temporal projections of the same magnetic field. Additionally, the relationship between the electron and the positron is explored, suggesting that both particles are the same object observed from different temporal orientations. This unified approach provides new perspectives on the nature of electromagnetism and raises fundamental questions about the relationship between space-time and fundamental forces. The conclusions of the chapter suggest that the four-dimensional model may offer a more complete view of electromagnetic interactions, opening new avenues for future research.

Photons. The history and mental models of light quanta

Annals of Science, 2019

This book examines in detail the following six mental models forming the basis of the terms 'light quantum' or 'photon,' along with their associated conceptual thinking. Different from eloquent argumentation, most of these mental models were not explicitly enunciated. Nevertheless, they do merit specific attention if we want to gain a deeper understanding of the mental processes involved. (1) The naive corpuscular model (Newton 1704, Newtonians, ...): Light is interpreted as a stream of very small, basically spherically shaped corpuscles. With Newton, and later around 1800, it is modified by additional hypotheses about their being dumbbell-shaped to account for polarization ("sidedness"). Later resumptions to this particulate model after the emergence of wave-particle duality interpret light quanta as particles with ultra-small volumes V ∼ (c/ν) 3 , where the wavelength λ is related with the frequency ν and the velocity of light c as λ = c/ν. This intuitive model offers a simple explanation for light reflection and other effects but has major problems interpreting interference, which suggests a wave-like character, hence having a spatially extended structure (see the debate between Einstein and Lorentz around 1909, discussed in Sect. 4.3). (2) The singularity model (Einstein 1909a, Louis de Broglie 1923, Bohm and Hiley 1982, etc.): It is not clear whether Einstein ever did support the naive corpuscular model (1). It becomes evident latest since his discussions with Lorentz in 1909 that the mental model he was exploring was different (see Sect. 4.2 on his talk before the Scientists' Convention in 1909 with the subsequent debates recorded in the proceedings). At this time, light quanta rather seemed to Einstein denser centers in the field, physically strongly localized but owing to the surrounding field not point-shaped. (Newton's "globulus of light" somewhat resembles Einstein's later readoption of such considerations; cf. Fig. 4.1.) More recent versions of this mental model within the context of alternative interpretations of quantum mechanics identified this surrounding zone around the singularity with a hypothetical guiding field. Evidence of this guiding field has yet to be found.

Classical 4D Model of the Discrete Universe: Quantum and Relativity. 12. Quantum or Classical Phenomena?

This chapter explores the hypothesis that quantum phenomena, traditionally interpreted through quantum mechanics, can be explained through classical principles, based on a four-dimensional spatial model and the quantization of space. Phenomena such as wave-particle duality and tunneling are examined from this perspective, proposing that elementary particles, such as electrons and photons, generate waves due to their structure based on 4D Planck spheres. In addition, macroscopic hydrodynamic analogues that reproduce quantum behaviors, such as interference and tunneling, are reviewed, providing indirect experimental evidence for this model. This approach allows reinterpreting key concepts of quantum mechanics, such as the uncertainty principle, within a deterministic and geometric framework. Finally, the implications of the proposed model for better understanding the nature of particles and their interaction with space-time are discussed

Three-Dimensional Wave Behaviour of Light

The Foundations of Quantum Mechanics - Historical Analysis and Open Questions - Cesena 2004, 2006

We describe a simple experimental apparatus which allows one to observe the wave properties of light in a new way. This apparatus also makes possible to introduce and illustrate, in a very suggestive way, some fundamental principles of quantum theory.

Some aspects of wave and quantum approaches at description of movement of twisted light

Journal of Optics, 2016

The existence of twisted light may be inferred from modern quantum concepts and experimental data. These waves possess energy, impulse and angular momentum. However, the Maxwell's four-dimensional theory of electromagnetism does not imply the existence of waves with these properties. This article develops a model generalizing the theory of electromagnetism in such a way that it would be possible to obtain equations of twisted electromagnetic waves. Generalization is implemented by introduction of a space-time with a more complex structure compared to the four-dimensional spacetime. Such spaces include a seven-dimensional space-time, which allows to describe not only translational, but also rotational motion of bodies. A model developed by the author provides the following results: 1) generalization of the theory of electromagnetism in which it is possible to obtain equations of twisted light waves, 2) solution describing interference of light waves oppositely twisted, 3) the formula relating the energy, impulse and angular momentum of electromagnetic wave, 4) justification of a new phenomenon-redshift due to electromagnetic waves screwing.

A Classical Quantum Theory of Light

The Zitterbewegung model of an electron offers a classical interpretation for interference and diffraction of electrons. The idea is very intuitive because it incorporates John Wheeler's idea of mass without mass: we have an indivisible naked charge that has no properties but its charge and its size (the classical electron radius) and it is easy to understand that the electromagnetic oscillation that keeps this tiny circular current going -like a perpetual current ring in some superconducting material -cannot be separated from it. In contrast, we keep wondering: what keeps a photon together? Hence, the real challenge for any realist interpretation of quantum mechanics is to explain the quantization of light: what are these photons?

In the six dimensions of space-time Description of quantum mechanics phenomena and nature of time

Journal of Physics: Theories and Applications, 2023

This study presents a theory with a six-dimensional space-time structure, R^6, in order to describe quantum mechanic phenomena, the time arrow and quantum gravity. The interpretation of quantum world phenomena using four-dimensional space-time would be a very complicated and indescribable task. The dual wave-particle behavior, entanglement, quantum corridors, etc., represent the complex space-time structure. Previous studies indicate that complicated behaviors of particles in quantum mechanics are basically considered as the inherent behavior of those particles. The theoretical framework of the balance is the transformation of imaginary dimensions into geometric dimensions and the description of quantum mechanical phenomena using external Euclidean geometry. The six-dimensional space-time structure consists of three space and three time dimensions 6

Quantum Mechanics in Space and Time

The possibility that quantum mechanics is foundationally the same as classical theories in explaining phenomena in space and time is postulated. Such a view is motivated by interpreting the experimental violation of Bell inequalities as resulting from questions of geometry and algebraic representation of variables, and thereby the structure of space, rather than realism or locality. While time remains Euclidean in the proposed new structure, space is described by Projective geometry. A dual geometry facilitates description of a physically real quantum particle trajectory. Implications for the physical basis of Bohmian mechanics is briefly examined, and found that the hidden variables pilot-wave model is local. Conceptually, the consequence of this proposal is that quantum mechanics has common ground with relativity as ultimately geometrical. This permits the derivation of physically meaningful quantum Lorentz transformations. Departure from classical notions of measurability is discussed.