Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Litsea cubeba Plant Extract and Essential Oil against Phytopathogenic Fungi Botryodiplodia theobromae (original) (raw)
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2015
Study was carried out for evaluation of antifungal activity of essential oil and extract of plants for control of stem end rot of mango. To investigate antifungal activity leaves of 20 angiospermic taxa were extracted separately in water, acetone, ethyl acetate, ethyl alcohol, methanol and petroleum ether and screened against Botryodiplodia theobromae that cause stem end rot of mango fruits . Plant Adenocalymma alliaceum leaf extract in water, acetone, ethyl alcohol, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol was found to exhibit strongest antifungal activity. The essential oil of A. alliaceum was also found fungi toxic against other fruit rotting fungi. The volatile fraction of the leaves of A. alliaceum was isolated in the form of essential oil and was standardized through physicochemical and fungitoxic properties. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil was found to be 100ppm. The oil was thermostable in nature and had a long shelf life of 2 years. The oil was foun...
Antifungal activity of essential oils derived from some plants against phytopathogenic fungi
Annals of Plant Sciences, 2016
Essential oils were extracted from different plant species (Acorus calamus, Artemisia nilagerica, Erigeron Canadensis) to evaluate their effect on the growth of four phytopathogenic fungi viz. Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum and Penicillium expansum following poisoned food technique method. Different concentration of oil such as 125ppm, 250ppm, 500ppm, 1000ppm and 5000ppm were taken to evaluate the effect. There was 100% inhibition in the growth of phytopathogenic fungi at 5000 and 1000ppm concentration by essential oil of A. calamus. At 500ppm concentration also 100% inhibition was found up to 7th day on F. oxysporum. Essential oil of A. nilagirica inhibits the growth of all phytopathogenic fungi at higher concentration. In case of P. expansum at 5000ppm concentration 100% inhibition was recorded even after 15 days of incubation. The decrease in colony diameter or growth of fungus was corresponding to the concentration of oil. In comparison to others two,...
Antifungal Activities of Some Plant Extracts against Pathogenic Fungi
2018
Soil samples were collected from different localities in Cairo, and were assayed for keratinophilic fungi. Five species of fungi classified in two genera were isolated from Giza zoo (animal cages and parks), hospital, public park, local market, primary school, club, and garbage dumping site. Five plants were chosen to investigate their antifungal activity against five isolated dermatophytes: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum boullardii, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton terrsetre, and Trichophyton verrucosum. The tested plants were Punica granatum (Pomegranate), Aloe vera, Foeniculum vulgare (Fennel), Allium ampeloprasum var. Kurrat (kurrat), and Ricinus communis (Castor bean). Plant extracts were prepared by three different solvents, hexane, ethyl acetate, and (80%) ethanol. The study shows that ethanolic extract of Punica granatum (Pomegranate), hexane, and ethanolic extract of Allium ampeloprasum var. Kurrat (kurrat) were effective against most of the tested organisms. Eth...
Antifungal Studies of Selected Essential Oils and a Commercial Formulation against Botrytis Cinerea
Growing concerns about food safety and environmental protection have created a need for new and safe plant disease control strategies. The aim of this study was to find an alternative to synthetic fungicides currently used in the control of the devastating fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea Pers., the causal agent of grey mould disease of strawberry (Fragariaananassa Duch). The antifungal activity of the essential oils of Origanumvulgare L., Monardadidyma L. and of a commercial formulation of thyme oil (Gloves Off®) was investigated against B. cinerea and compared with controls. Contact phase effects of different concentrations of the essential oils and commercial formulation were found to inhibit the growth of B. cinerea in a dose dependent manner. Complete growth inhibition of the pathogen was recorded at 200 μg/ml of ‘Gloves Off®’. The mycelial growth of the pathogen was significantly reduced at the highest concentration of the essential oils of O. vulgare and M. didyma tested, which was 51.2 μg/ml. Spore germination and germ tube elongation were also inhibited by the essential oils and Gloves Off®. Light microscopic observations revealed that the essential oils caused morphological degenerations, such as cytoplasmic coagulation, hyphal shrivelling and protoplast leakage of the fungal hyphae. The essential oils of O. vulgare L. and M. didyma L. are promising, antifungal agents against B. cinereasimilar to the commercial formulation ‘Gloves Off®
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THREE MEDICINAL PLANT ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST SOME PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI
TRAKIA JOURNAL OF …, 2012
In this study we surveyed the effectiveness, Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of three medicinal plant essential oils of Zataria multiflora, Thymus vulgaris and Thymus kotschyanus on the mycelial growth of four pathogenic fungi including Pythium aphanidermatum, Rhizoctonia solani (AG4), Fusarium graminearum and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The rates of growth inhibition were measured after placing active mycelial plugs of each fungus on Petri dishes containing PDA amended with specific concentrations of essential oils and incubated at 28 ± 1 ºC. The data were analyzed using MSTATC and SAS (version 9.1.3) software. The results showed that these essential oils were very effective on the four studied plant pathogenic fungi with growth inhibition average of 100% at 200µl/l concentration. Nevertheless, MIC and MFC of the essential oils were variable depending to species of fungi. P. aphanidermatum and S. sclerotiorum were the most sensitive and most resistant to the studied essential oils with average growth inhibition 89.54% and 75.35%, respectively. Since growth inhibition of studied essential oils was evident in this study, they have potential to control of some plant pathogenic fungi and could be considered for developing new fungicides.
Review of Essential Oils as Antifungal Agents for Plant Fungal Diseases
Fungi cause huge yield losses due to their ability to cause serious devastating diseases to the crops. Minimizing their effect on the crops need to get a promising way of controlling them. Therefore, the use of essential oils could be a good option to tackle the challenge of fungal diseases. Essential oils are natural products that are extracted from plants by different methods. They have been used for a long history of time for different purposes. Nowadays there is a huge interest to use them as plant protection product to be alternative for chemicals like fungicides. The main reasons for choosing them are their antimicrobial activity and their environmental friendly. As we observed from the antifungal trials in different literature, the essential oils have a great antifungal effect on many plant pathogens and inhibited most of the tested plant pathogens in the laboratory. Thus, essential oils could be a control agent for plant fungal diseases and further investigation is required to use in the field. Bitki fungal hastalıkları için antifungal ajan olarak uçucu yağlar Özet: Funguslar, mahsullerde ciddi tahrip edici hastalıklara neden olma yeteneklerinden dolayı büyük verim kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Mahsuller üzerindeki etkilerini en aza indirgeme ve onları kontrol etmenin bir yolunu bulmak gerekir. Bu amaçla, uçucu yağların kullanılması, fungal hastalıklarının zorluğuyla mücadele etmek için iyi bir alternatif seçenek olabilir. Esansiyel yağlar, bitkilerden farklı yöntemlerle elde edilen doğal ürünlerdir. Farklı amaçlarda uzun süre kullanılan maddelerdir. Günümüzde fungisitler gibi kimyasallara alternatif olabildikleri için onları bitki koruma ürünü olarak kullanmaya büyük ilgi duyulmaktadır. Bunları seçmenin ana nedenleri, antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri ve çevre dostu olmalarıdır. Farklı literatürdeki antifungal çalışmalardan gözlemlediğimizde, uçucu yağlar birçok bitki patojeni üzerinde büyük antifungal etkiye sahiptir ve test edilen bitki patojenlerinin çoğunu laboratuarda inhibe ederler. Bu nedenle, uçucu yağlar, bitki fungal hastalıkları için bir kontrol maddesi olabilir ve tarlada kullanılabilmeleri için daha fazla araştırma yapılması gerekir.
Brazilian Journal of Biological Sciences
Egg plant Solanum melongena L. (Solanales: Solanaceae) is an important vegetable grown in Kashmir. It is attacked by number of fungal pathogens in storage and in the field. These fungi caused several fungal rot diseases resulting heavy losses to the growers. Therefore, present study was carried out to study the incidence and management of fungal rot of egg plant using some selected plant extracts. It was revealed from the study that Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link (1809) (Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales) causing decaying of egg plant under storage. Study was also undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of some plant extract against Trichothecium roseum on inhibition of spore germination and mycelial growth under in vitro conditions. It was observed from the results that amongst the plant extracts, plant extract of Ajuga bracteosa at highest concentration was found most effective against Trichothecium roseum and cause highest inhibition in the mycelial growth and spore germination followe...
Bioantifungal activity of selected medicinal plant extracts against root rot of fungal disease
Root rot disease of fungal such as Ganoderma philippii, Phellinus noxius and Rigidoporus microporus are well known destructive fungus to plant root. The in vitro antifungal screening of selected medicinal plants was studied against the disease. The twelve of Malaysian medicinal plants including the leaves of Aglaia argentea, A. leucophylla, A. grandis, A. odorata, A. odoratissima, A. varrisquama, Alium sativum (bulbs) and Cassia alata, Catharanthus roseus stems and leaves, Derris elliptica leaves and Tinospora baenzigeri stems were extracted using different types of solvents extraction i.e, dichloromethane (DCM), acetone and methanol at the concentration of 20 mg/mL. The extracts were studied for antifungal activities against three species of fungal disease including G. Philippii, P. noxius and R. microporus. The antifungal activities of the extracts were determined by the presence or absence of fungal inhibition zone growth on Potato dextrose agar (PDA). The extracts shows a signif...
Revista Virtual de Química, 2020
Pesquisas relacionadas à prospecção de substâncias isoladas de plantas com potencial antimicrobiano, especialmente contra cepas do gênero Candida, tem se mostrado uma estratégia importante em tratamentos alternativos contra infecções causadas por fungos, uma vez que novas cepas desse microorganismo são relacionadas com infecções hospitalares graves. Estudos sobre a capacidade antifúngica de óleos essenciais têm recebido considerável atenção do setor farmacêutico devido à grande variedade de compostos presentes em amostras com propriedades farmacológicas e ao alarmante aumento de infecções micóticas em indivíduos imunocomprometidos por espécies de Candida spp. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo descrever a composição química do óleo essencial de Lippia alba, avaliar atividade antifúngica e efeito modulador, investigar a toxicidade in vivo e in vitro utilizando Artemia salina e células sanguíneas. O óleo essencial foi obtido por hidrodestilação e a composição química determinada por CG-EM e CG-DIC. A atividade antifúngica foi analisada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo usando linhagens de dermatófitos e leveduras. A atividade sinérgica foi determinada pela técnica Checkerboard, utilizando cetoconazol como padrão para dermatófitos e anfotericina B para leveduras. Quanto à composição química, o óleo essencial mostrou que os principais constituintes foram sabineno (19,34 %), E-cariofileno (18,21 %), limoneno (16,47 %) e γ-elemeno (9,09 %). O óleo essencial apresentou baixa toxicidade e atividade intrinseca contra dermatófitos, bem como apresentou efeito sinergico contra todas as cepas de Tricophyton rubrum quando combinado com cetoconazol e efeito de sinergismo com anfotericina B contra duas cepas de C. tropicalis e uma de C. parapsilosis. Research related to the prospecting of substances isolated from plants with antimicrobial potential, especially against Candida strains, is an important strategy for developing alternative treatments against infections caused by fungi, since new strains of such microorganisms are associated with serious hospital infections. Studies on the antifungal capacity of essential oils have received considerable attention from the pharmaceutical sector, owing to the wide variety of compounds present in samples with pharmacological properties and the alarming increase in mycotic infections in individuals immunocompromised by Candida spp. Therefore, this study was aimed at determining the chemical composition of the essential oil of Lippia alba, evaluating its antifungal activity and modulatory effect, and investigating its toxicity in vivo and in vitro using Artemia salina and blood cells, respectively. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was determined using CG-EM and CG-DIC. Antifungal activity was analyzed via the broth microdilution method, using dermatophyte and yeast strains. Synergistic activity was determined using the checkerboard technique, with ketoconazole and amphotericin B as the standards for dermatophytes and yeasts, respectively. The main constituents of the essential oil were sabinene (19.34 %), (E)-caryophyllene (18.21 %), limonene (16.47 %), and γ-elemene (9.09 %). The essential oil showed low toxicity and intrinsic activity against dermatophytes, a synergistic effect against all strains of Trichophyton rubrum when combined with ketoconazole, and a synergistic effect with amphotericin B against two strains of Candida tropicalis and one of Candida parapsilosis.
Antifungal activity of some Plant extracts 3
Palmyrah leaf article decaying fungi were isolated from two different sites of Jaffna peninsula and characterized as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Penicillium sp. and used for the selection of best antifungal agents which is prevent the growth of fungal attack, instead of using expensive and harmful chemicals. It was decided to study the Antifungal Activity of different plant parts such as neem leaf, neem seed, neem bark, omum (Thyme) and turmeric powder obtained from local market were used. The hot water extracts from the above plants parts have been evaluated against isolated fungi. For screening of antimicrobial activity, tests and controls were set to determine MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and Percentage of Growth Inhibition (PGI). Hot water extracts of neem leaf, neem seed, neem bark and turmeric powder have recorded no significant (0.05>P) antifungal activity while omum showed significantly different PGI for all fungal species compared with control and showed lowest MIC was at 15ml/dl. Therefore omum was selected for further study and active component of omum as thymol was compared with that omum hot water extract. There was no significant different in PGI of thymol on the concentration of 0.5, 1 and 2 ml/dl and 15ml/dl of omum hot water extracts, for all fungi species. Therefore omum could be used for further study to the development of new environmental friendly antifungal agent for the preservation of leafy handicrafts. Further formulation, field experiments are necessary to achieve this target.