Industrial Engineering: Innovative Networks (original) (raw)
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Companies organize in a way that involves more and more activities that are external to the traditional organizational boundaries and as a consequence managing operations contains more and more issues and actions dealing with external networks. Hence new challenges face managing operations. The perspective raised here may be called a shift from an enterprise to an extraprise. This article analyzes this changing operations context with the aim of identifying important issues in operations management in academia as well as in practice and concludes by proposals and hypotheses for future research.
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Academic researchers have followed closely the interest of companies in establishing industrial networks by studying aspects such as social interaction and contractual relationships. But what patterns underlie the emergence of industrial networks and what support should research provide for practitioners? First, it appears that manufacturing is becoming a commodity rather than a unique capability, which accounts especially for lowtechnology approaches in downstream parts of the network, for example in assembly operations. Second, the increased tendency towards specialization has forced other, upstream, parts of industrial networks to introduce advanced manufacturing technologies for niche markets. Third, the capital market for investments in capacity, and the trade in manufacturing as a commodity, dominates resource allocation to a larger extent than was previously the case. Fourth, there is becoming a continuous move towards more loosely connected entities that comprise manufacturing networks. Finally, in these networks, concepts for Supply Chain Management should address collaboration and information technology that supports decentralised decision-making, in particular to address sustainable and green supply chains. More traditional concepts, such as the "keiretsu" and "chaibol" networks of some Asian economies, do not sufficiently support the demands now being placed on networks. Research should address these five fundamental challenges to prepare for the industrial networks of 2020 and beyond.
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A theme emerging from industry in the last years was the need for better education in logic control for manufacturing systems. The topic is interdisciplinary in nature. Modern manufacturing operation is a very complex issue and has to stem from various engineering disciplines, but in most academic settings the different disciplines are taught in isolation and are not representative of the type of experiences students will encounter in industry. We made an experience with four different discipline engineering students sharing the same laboratory. We are working with Electric, Electronic, Industrial and Informatics Engineering senior students, because these are the fields that converge in the design, management and operation of a CIM centre.