Clinical manifestations of hepatitis a virus infection in Kyrgyzstan children (original) (raw)
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Viral Hepatit Dergisi, 2014
Objectives: Hepatitis A is the most common type viral hepatitis in the world. We aimed to detect the incidence of acute hepatitis A (HAV) infection in Kırıkkale province in Turkey, which is placed among the developing countries. Materials and Methods: IgM Anti-HAV test were studied in serum samples collected from 4.088 children aged 0-18 years, who received a pre-diagnosis of acute hepatitis between January 2006 and December 2013. The cases were divided into the three age groups as 0-5, 6-11, and 12-18 years. Results: Out of 4.088 serologic examination samples, 299 (7.31%) were found to be positive for IgM anti-HAV. Seropositivity rate among the age groups were as follows: 7.69% in the 0-5 age group, 39.80% in the 6-11 age group, and 52.51% in the12-18 age group. Conclusion: Hepatitis A appears to predominantly infect adolescents and young adults in our country as in countries of intermediate hepatitis A endemicity. These kinds of studies will create a data source for studies evaluating vaccine efficacy throughout our country.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis-A virus among children aged 1-16 years in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey
African Journal of Microbiology Research, 2011
This study aims to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis A among children aged 1-16 years in eastern region of Turkey. The study was conducted at Tunceli State Hospital in Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Anti-HAV IgM and Anti-HAV IgG antibodies were evaluated among 351 patients admitted to our pediatric policlinic. Anti-HAV IgM and Anti-HAV IgG serologic markers were determined using the ELISA method. The mean age of 351 pediatric patients was 7.5±4.2; of these, 198 (56.4%) were male and 153 (43.6%) were female. A total of 305 (86.9%) cases in this study were seronegative against hepatitis A. Anti-HAV IgG was positive among 46 (13.1%) patients, of these 22 (47.8%) were male and 24 (52.2%) were female. The mean age of seropositive cases was 8.4±4.8. Anti-HAV IgM seropositivity was not detected in the study. The application of a routine hepatitis A vaccine among children will reduce the potential for the development of severe complications.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis a and associated factors among 1-15 year old children in Eastern Turkey
International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 2015
Hepatitis A is a common infectious disease during childhood worldwide. Recently, great deal of changes in the epidemiology has been reported. The seroepidemiologic studies of this infection are not sufficient in Eastern region of Turkey. To investigate the seroprevalence and association with socio-demographic variables of hepatitis A in 1-15 year old children in Van. This study was performed on 510 one to fifteen year old children from outpatient pediatric clinics in Yüzüncü Yıl University, Faculty of Medicine during last three months of 2009. Anti-HAV IgG was measured in sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The information about subjects was recorded on standardized forms and a chart review survey was performed. The overall ratio for seropositivity was 54.9%. Statistical significance was found between hepatitis A seroprevalence and age, collective use of domestic items, fresh water resources, localization and type of toilet and the number of households. This study provided th...
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000
Background: Hepatitis A is an enterically transmitted disease that still remains endemic in many developing countries. In some countries improvements in living conditions have recently led to changing in epidemiology of hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. In our country there are very few reports on prevalence of HAV infection. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG among children visited in pediatric hospitals of Tehran, Iran. Methods: The study group included 1018 children who were 6 months-14.9 years of age. These children were visited in four major pediatric hospitals of Tehran. The children were separated to three age groups: Group 1 (6 months-4.9 years; n ¼ 469), Group 2 (5.0-9.9 years; n ¼ 290), and Group 3 (10.0-14.9 years; n ¼ 259). Serum anti-HAV IgG was tested with commercial ELISA kits. The data were tested for statistical significance with v 2 test. Results: In all subjects, seroprevalence of hepatitis A was 22.3% (95% CI: 19.7, 24.9). There was no significant difference between genders (22.2% vs. 22.5% in males and females, respectively) and among age groups (Group 1 was 22.1% and Group 3 was 25.9; p > 0.05). Conclusions: In summary, it seems that HAV infection is not highly endemic at least in some urban areas of Iran. On the basis of this epidemiologic data, post exposure prophylaxis would be necessary for children and young adults, and hepatitis A vaccination strategy should be revised.
Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 2010
Background: Hepatitis A is one of the most frequently reported vaccinepreventable diseases throughout the world and remains endemic in many areas. Studies in various communities have shown that Hepatitis A virus (HAV) prevalence rises with age. The current data regarding hepatitis A epidemiology in Iran is limited. The aim of this study was to determine the seroepidemiology of hepatitis A in children of different age groups in Tehran, Iran. Methods: Plasma samples of 1065 children between ages of 6 months and 20 years were tested for the presence of total anti-HAV.
The epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection in children, in Edirne, Turkey
European Journal of Epidemiology, 2000
Turkey is a middle endemic area with respect to Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection. However, the frequency of this infection varies due to socioeconomic differences in various regions. The aim of this study was to detect the most likely age of exposure to HAV and factors affecting infection rates among children living in Edirne. A sample of 645 children between the ages of 0-19 living in Edirne were tested for total anti-HAV levels using ELISA method. A questionnaire on socio-economic status (SES), possible risk factors, and place of residence was completed for each child. Anti-HAV seropositivity was found to be 4.4, 25, 37.3 and 43.2%, in 2-5, 6-10, 11-14 and 15-19 age groups, respectively. Seropositivity was found to be increasing with age (p < 0.05). According to logistic regression analysis results; mother's education, SES of family, history of hepatitis in primary family members and the number of brothers or sisters were determined as factors increasing the seropositivity of HAV. Furthermore, HAV infection risk was found to be a decreasing function of income that is higher the income less likely the infection. These results showed that HAV infection rate in Edirne is in middle endemicity and the most likely way of exposure is transmission from family members. Although it requires further costeffectiveness studies, our results indicate that applying the HAV vaccination in early childhood would be beneficial to decrease the prevalence of the infection and prevent HAV epidemics.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH, 2015
Viral hepatitis is one of the most important public health problems around the world. One of these viruses, HAV is a small, nonenveloped, positive-strand RNA virus with a highly stable icosahedral protein capsid [1]. This virus causes a self limited infection, Hepatitis A infection, with worldwide distribution. The infection is highly endemic in developing countries and most children acquire immunity through asymptomatic infection early in life [2]. In these regions, most of the children under six years of age either asymptomatically infected or develop a mild self-limiting illness [3]. The clinical presentation of HAV infection, gastrointestinal, flulike symptoms, and jaundice, in infected individuals is strongly age dependent [4,5]. HAV infection in young children is often an asymptomatic and in older children and adults is often a symptomatic disease leading to overt illness. About 0.1% to 0.5% of infected adults develop fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), fatal in half of these cases [5]. FHF may occur in persons with underlying chronic liver disease (CLD) [4-7].
Hepatitis A seroprevalence and demographics in Turkish children in Ankara
Pediatrics …, 2009
Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is an RNA virus belonging to the hepatovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family, and it contaminates food and drink through the fecal-oral route. 1,2 The spectrum of hepatitis A infection is large; it varies from asymptomatic to fulminant hepatitis and never becomes chronic. It is related to unhygienic and overpopulated living conditions. It is usually asymptomatic in childhood and is characterized by jaundice in adults. 1-3 Morbidity and mortality are closely related to age. For example, mortality is 1-2/1000 in children <14 years old, 4/1000 in adolescents and young adults, and 1/100 in people >40 years old. 3 Hepatitis A prevalence is globally high, and lower in developed than in developing countries. There are no well-documented incidence data in many countries. In a multicenter trial in 1977, anti-HAV positivity was reported to be 28.5% in Switzerland, 44.7% in USA, 76.2% in Senegal, 81.1% in Belgium, 88.7% in Taiwan, 95.3% in Israel and 96.9% in Yugoslavia. 4 In hyperendemic regions HAV seropositivity is high in children <10 years old and infection is generally subclinical without causing jaundice. Most of the young adults are immune against HAV infection. In developed countries HAV seropositivity in children is low and increases in young adulthood and adulthood. Turkey has an intermediate position albeit with some regional differences. 5 The number of cases decreased in recent years because of improvements in hygiene and sanitation, but the age of fi rst contact with the virus is increasing and many more adolescents and adults become sensitive to HAV. 1,5 In Belgium HAV positivity was reported at 51.3% in the sera of 4058 people in 1993-94, 6 and HAV seroprevalence was 1.97% in Greece in 1997. 7 In several studies in Poland, India and Mexico, approximately the same results were reported. 8-11 According to these reports mentioned above, hepatitis A seroprevalence decreased signifi cantly and shifted to older ages in recent years. The purpose of the present study was to determine the hepatitis A prevalence in children who attended a pediatric outpatient clinic in Ankara, to examine the status of HAV under regional conditions, and to determine prophylactic measures. Methods Ankara is the capital, and the second socioeconomically most developed among the provinces of Turkey.
Epidemiology and Outcome of Severe Hepatitis A Infection in Children in Kuwait
Medical Principles and Practice, 2006
days. The rate of complications of HAV infection was 6% and only one child required admission to the intensive care unit for fulminant hepatitis. None of the patients had permanent sequelae. Conclusions: HAV infection is a signifi cant cause of morbidity for children in Kuwait. The disease is mostly prevalent in preschool and school age children. Despite the excellent outcome of all patients, a considerable number of patients tend to have a complicated course and prolonged hospitalization. In view of these data, hepatitis A vaccine should be considered as a part of routine childhood immunization in Kuwait.