Physical exercise modulates the homeostasis of human regulatory T cells (original) (raw)
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The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 2018
Background: Exercise-induced stress induces considerable changes in the immune system. To better understand the mechanisms related to these immune changes during acute and chronic physical stress, we studied the effects of aerobic physical training (APT) on several parameters of the immune system. Methods: Previously untrained males (18-25 years of age) were divided into a group that was subjected to 6 months of APT (n=10) and a sedentary control group (n=7). The subjects performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CET) at 0, 3, and 6 months of the APT program. B cell (CD19+), T cell (CD4+ and CD8+), and natural killer cell (CD56+) levels, and mitogen-induced T cell proliferation and cytokine production (interleukin-1, interleukin-4, interleukin-12, and interferon-gamma) were evaluated before and at 30 seconds and 24 hours after the CET. Results: There was a significant increase in CD4+ T cells and natural killer cells and a significant reduction in T cell proliferation in both groups 30 seconds after the CET at 0, 3, and 6 months of the APT program. Of note, the trained group showed significantly lower resting T cell proliferation (before and 24 hours after the CET) than the sedentary control group at 3 and 6 months of the APT program. There were no significant differences in cytokine production after the CET between both groups at any time point of the APT program. Conclusion: These data show that APT does not condition against strenuous exercise-induced immune changes but significantly modulates T cell proliferative responses.
Endurance Exercise Diverts the Balance between Th17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells
PLoS ONE, 2013
Endurance, marathon-type exertion is known to induce adverse changes in the immune system. Increased airway hyperresponsiveness and airway inflammation are well documented in endurance athletes and endurance exercise is considered a major risk factor for asthma in elite athletes. Yet, the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are still to be deduced. We studied the effect of strenuous endurance exercise (marathon and half-ironman triathlon) on CD4+ lymphocyte subpopulations and on the balance between effector and regulatory CD4+ lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of trained athletes, Endurance exercise induced a significant increase in Th17 cells and a sustained decrease in peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Tregs). While interleukin (IL)-2 levels remained undetectable, post-race serum IL-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF) b levels were significantly elevated. Treg levels in sedentary controls' decreased in vitro after incubation with athletes' post-exercise serum, an effect that was attenuated by supplements of IL-2 or anti IL-6 neutralizing antibodies. Our data suggest that exercise-induced changes in serum cytokine levels promote alterations in Tregs and Th17 cell populations, which may divert the subtle balance in the immune system towards inflammation. This may explain allergic and autoimmune phenomena previously reported in endurance athletes and contribute to our understanding of exerciserelated asthma.
European journal of applied physiology, 2017
The purpose of this study was to quantify and characterize peripheral blood regulatory T cells (Tregs), as well as the IL-10 plasma concentration, in Masters athletes at rest and after an acute exhaustive exercise test. Eighteen Masters athletes (self-reported training: 24.6 ± 1.83 years; 10.27 ± 0.24 months and 5.45 ± 0.42 h/week per each month trained) and an age-matched control group of ten subjects (that never took part in regular physical training) volunteered for this study. All subjects performed an incremental test to exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. Blood samples were obtained before (Pre), 10 min into recovery (Post), and 1 h after the test (1 h). Absolute numbers of Tregs were similar in both groups at rest. Acute exercise induced a significant increase in absolute numbers of Tregs at Post (0.049 ± 0.021 to 0.056 ± 0.024 × 10(9)/L, P = 0.029 for Masters; 0.048 ± 0.017 to 0.058 ± 0.020 × 10(9)/L, P = 0.037 for control) in both groups. Treg mRNA expression for FoxP3, IL-10,...
Effect of Exercise Intensity on Cell-Mediated Immunity
Sports, 2021
Moderate-intensity exercise is considered to enhance immune function and to be useful for preventing acute upper respiratory infections and similar conditions. Many people practice low-intensity short-duration exercise with the expectation of a beneficial effect on immunocompetency. However, it is difficult to affirm the existence of definite evidence of such a benefit. In this article, we discuss the effects of low-intensity short-duration exercise on cell-mediated immunity, and contrast them to the effects of high-intensity and long-duration exercise. Whereas high-intensity exercise induces inflammation and reduces cell-mediated immune system function, low-intensity exercise does not appear to have a large effect on either inflammation or cell-mediated immune function. Low-intensity exercises such as walking and yoga, which are helpful to relieve stress, cannot be considered as harmful to the immune system. Although yoga was shown to impose fewer restrictions on breathing and phys...
Immune function in sport and exercise
Journal of Applied Physiology, 2007
Regular moderate exercise is associated with a reduced incidence of infection compared with a completely sedentary state. However, prolonged bouts of strenuous exercise cause a temporary depression of various aspects of immune function (e.g., neutrophil respiratory burst, lymphocyte proliferation, monocyte antigen presentation) that usually lasts ∼3–24 h after exercise, depending on the intensity and duration of the exercise bout. Postexercise immune function dysfunction is most pronounced when the exercise is continuous, prolonged (>1.5 h), of moderate to high intensity (55–75% maximum O2 uptake), and performed without food intake. Periods of intensified training (overreaching) lasting 1 wk or more may result in longer lasting immune dysfunction. Although elite athletes are not clinically immune deficient, it is possible that the combined effects of small changes in several immune parameters may compromise resistance to common minor illnesses, such as upper respiratory tract inf...
Position statement. Part one: Immune function and exercise
Exercise immunology review, 2011
An ever-growing volume of peer-reviewed publications speaks to the recent and rapid growth in both scope and understanding of exercise immunology. Indeed, more than 95% of all peer-reviewed publications in exercise immunology (currently >2, 200 publications using search terms "exercise" and "immune") have been published since the formation of the International Society of Exercise and Immunology (ISEI) in 1989 (ISI Web of Knowledge). We recognise the epidemiological distinction between the generic term "physical activity" and the specific category of "exercise", which implies activity for a specific purpose such as improvement of physical condition or competition. Extreme physical activity of any type may have implications for the immune system. However, because of its emotive component, exercise is likely to have a larger effect, and to date the great majority of our knowledge on this subject comes from exercise studies. In this position st...
Of Exercise on the Immune System : Response , Adaptation and Cell Signaling
2012
1. Laboratory of Exercise Immunophysiology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College, UERJ – Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 2. Laboratory of Parasitary Immunopharmacology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Medical Sciences College, UERJ – Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 3. Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Molecular Motors, Department of Biosciences of Physical Activity, Physical Education and Sports School, UFRJ – Rio de Janeiro, RJ. 4. Post-Graduation Program in Biodynamics of Movement, EEFD, UFRJ.
Exercise and Immunity: A Correlated Mechanism
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.8\_Aug2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.043.html, 2018
Sedentary lifestyles now become an incredible worldwide problem with the advancement of technologies over the past several decades. Physical inactivity has progressively increased now-a-days and potentially contributes the risk of numerous diseases/disorders. The initial body defensive mechanisms contribute the protective responses, effective against a diverse variety of threats. Regular physical activity, fitness and exercise are critically important for the good health and may have prevalence over immunological system. Prolonged bouts of exercise are correlated with depressed immune system to pick up opportunistic infections. Moderate exercise whereas elicit beneficial outcomes in both prevention and rehabilitation of many diseases. Nevertheless the cascades of exercise-induced cellular-molecular-signaling pathway may trigger antigen-receptor recognition gateway. Exercise and immunity henceforth, is a correlated mixed-message mechanism and has important potential implications on public health.
European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2013
PURPOSE. Highly trained athletes are associated with high resting antigen-stimulated whole blood culture interleukin (IL)-10 production. The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of training status on resting circulating T regulatory (Treg) cell counts and antigen-stimulated IL-10 production and the effect of acute bout of exercise on the Treg response. METHODS. Forty participants volunteered to participate and were assigned to one of the 4 groups: sedentary (SED), recreationally active (REC), sprint-trained athletes (SPR) and endurance-trained athletes (END). From the resting blood sample CD4 + CD25 + CD127 low/-Treg cells and in vitro antigen-stimulated IL-10 production were assessed. Ten REC subjects performed 60 min cycling at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake and blood samples for Treg analysis were collected post-and 1 h post-exercise. RESULTS. IL-10 production was greater in END compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). END had a higher Treg percentage of total lymphocyte count compared with SED (P < 0.05). A smaller proportion of Treg CD4 + cells was observed in SED compared with all other groups (P < 0.05). IL-10 production significantly correlated with the proportion of Tregs within the total lymphocyte population (r s = 0.51, P = 0.001). No effect of acute exercise was evident for Treg cell counts in the REC subjects (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION. Our results demonstrate that high training loads in END are associated with greater resting IL-10 production and Treg cell count and suggest a possible mechanism for depression of immunity commonly reported in athletes engaged in high training loads.
Immune response to changes in training intensity and duration in male athletes
scholarsresearchlibrary.com
The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of exercise at 85% VO2max (30min) with prolonged exercise at a lower work rate (60% VO2max for up to1.5 h) on blood leukocyte count and the percent blood leukocyte subsets in young men athletes. Fifteen athlete male university students (mean ± SD age 22.3±2.6 yr, weight 65.5±5.72 Kg and height 174.2±3.64 cm) participated in this study. After physical examinations, subjects performed Running on an electrically treadmill at 85% VO2max (30 min). On another occasion, separated by at least one week, subjects performed exercise on the same treadmill at 60% VO2max for 1.5 hour. Blood samples were collected from a peripheral arm vein before and immediately after exercise sessions, and served for determination of total and differential leukocyte counts. The acquired data were analyzed by MedCalc software and using t-tests. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Both exercise bouts caused significant (p<0.05) elevations of the blood leukocyte count. Mean blood leukocyte count were increased from 6.4±0.79 to10.26±3.3 and 6.32±0.75 to 9.85±2 (×10 6 /ml) after exercise at the 60% VO2max (1.5 h) and 85% VO2max (30min) respectively. After exercise at the lower work rate for a longer duration, blood monocytes (1.25%) and neutrophil percent (11%) were significantly higher and blood lymphocytes (11.75%) were significantly lower than those observed at 80% VO2max. However, No significant differences were observed in the blood monocytes percent after the both exercise bouts (p<0.05). The results showed that when exercise is very prolonged, the diminution of innate immune function is greater, than or at least as great as that observed after fatiguing exercise at higher work rates. The sum of acute responses observed in this study may exert a protective effect against sickness and may be used to improve health and lifespan in athletes.