Dietary adequacy of Egyptian children with autism spectrum disorder compared to healthy developing children (original) (raw)
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Nutritional Status of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs): A Case–Control Study
Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2014
Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have problems of food selectivity, implying risks of nutritional deficiencies. The aim was to compare intakes of macro and micronutrients and body mass index in ASD and typically developing (TD) children. In a case-control study, 3-day food diaries and anthropometric measurements were completed for ASD (n = 40) and TD (n = 113) children (aged 6-10 years) living in the same area. Body mass indices were below the 5th percentile in 20 % of ASD versus 8.85 % of TD children. We found intakes were lower for fluoride (p = 0.017) and higher for vitamin E (p = 0.001). There was limited food variety and inadequacy of some intakes suggests that routine monitoring of ASD children should include assessment of their dietary habits, as well as anthropometric measurements.
2019
Autism is a neuro developmental condition of unknown etiology which is usually diagnosed in the first 3 years of life. Several studies have linked with reduced intake of some nutrients with autism and autism spectrum disorders. To identify nutritional risk factors that predispose to autism among preschool and school children living in Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah. Thirty children with autism/autism spectrum disorders (AU/ASD), 2-12 years old and thirty six matched control children were compared as regards BMI and food intake, using 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. Children with AU/ASD consumed similar amount of energy, protein and many other nutrients, many of which were below the international recommendations for children at the same age group, both consumed significantly less omega-3 and iron than the control group. Children with ASD like the children in KSA consumed less than the recommended amount of certain nutrients from food. Autistic children suffer from more red...
Mağallaẗ Dirāsāt wa Buḥūṯ Al-Tarbiyyaẗ Al-Nawʿiyyaẗ, 2017
Autism is a neuro developmental condition of unknown etiology which is usually diagnosed in the first 3 years of life. Several studies have linked with reduced intake of some nutrients with autism and autism spectrum disorders. To identify nutritional risk factors that predispose to autism among preschool and school children living in Al-Madinah Al-Monawarah. Thirty children with autism/autism spectrum disorders (AU/ASD), 2-12 years old and thirty six matched control children were compared as regards BMI and food intake, using 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire. Children with AU/ASD consumed similar amount of energy, protein and many other nutrients, many of which were below the international recommendations for children at the same age group, both consumed significantly less omega-3 and iron than the control group. Children with ASD like the children in KSA consumed less than the recommended amount of certain nutrients from food. Autistic children suffer from more reduced intake of omeg-3 and iron, with limited intake of many food varieties could be linked to autism in susceptible children.
Dietary Approaches and Nutritional Complexities of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Dietary Approaches in Autism Spectrum Disorder, 2022
Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor social interaction, repetitive behavior, learning difficulties, cognitive issues, and unusual eating patterns. Different factors including genetic and environmental variables have been identified to increase the risk of developing ASD. Objective: The main objective of the present review is to investigate the dietary approaches and modifications to reduce the intricacies related to ASD. Results: Studies included in this review suggested that abnormalities in the gut microbiota are involved in the pathogenesis and severity of the disease. Medical nutrition therapy for ASD consists of excluding harmful food components such as gluten, casein, processed foods, and excessive sugars and increasing the consumption of omega-3 fats, vitamins and minerals, probiotics, and antioxidants. Furthermore, awareness regarding food labels might help to avoid food allergens in diet. Conclusion: Active dietary treatments including the use of dietary supplements and elimination of processed foods appear to reduce the complexities of ASD. Furthermore, support of health care professionals and adopting public health approaches might help to prevent adverse outcomes related to ASD. Future research is required to determine the prevalence of ASD and related outcomes in low/middle income countries as this area is highly neglected.
Nutritional status among children with autism spectrum disorders in Saudi Arabia
Medical Science, 2022
Objective: To compare the nutritional status of Saudi children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to Saudi children without ASD. Methods: The research was a case control study for children aged between 7 and 12 years. In total, 155 children enrolled (70 children with ASD and 85 children without ASD). Dietary consumption was assessed using a 3-day food record. Results: The daily average of energy from carbohydrates was significantly higher among children with ASD than children without ASD. A lower intake of folic acid, vitamin B12, calcium, iron, magnesium, sodium, and selenium was detected among children with ASD, while vitamin B6, vitamin C, and potassium were significantly higher among children with ASD compared to children without ASD. Conclusion: Nutrient deficiencies were more present among children with ASD than children without ASD. Thus, nutritional intervention is essential for children with ASD to avoid future complications.
Nutritional Intake and Therapies in AutismA Spectrum of What We Know: Part 1
Ican: Infant, Child, & Adolescent Nutrition, 2010
Autism is one of the fastest growing developmental disabilities in the United States. With every 1 in 100 children diagnosed with autism, this condition is more common than pediatric cancer, diabetes, and AIDS combined. Core deficits of autism limit functioning in social interaction, communication, and daily activity participation. Individuals with autism typically require significant levels of supervised care, special education resources, and health service throughout life. The nutritional status of children with autism is receiving increasing attention in the field. Nutrient deficiencies have been proposed as a causative factor in the manifestation of the disorder. Further, characteristic autism behaviors and autism-specific interventions may increase the risk of suboptimal nutrition. Part 1 of this paper provides a review as to what is currently known regarding the nutrient intake and/or nutritional status of children with autism, and the myriad factors-both medical/nutritional and behavioral/ contextual-likely to impact dietary intake and nutritional status. Part 2 explores nutrition interventions (special diets and dietary supplements or "biomedical" interventions) in terms of safety and efficacy, as well as behavioral interventions used in autism spectrum disorder.
Nutritional and Dietary Interventions of Autistic Spectrum Disorders: A Short Review
2019
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition of heterogeneous etiology, categorized by social communication deficits, repetitive or restrictive behaviors and interests. Epidemiological studies display that the incidence of autism is increasing, and the treatment of autism is vitally important. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to reorganize evidence on the effectiveness of vitamins, minerals, essential Fatty Acid, and a Gluten-Free and Casein-Free (GFCF) diet as a treatment for children with ASD. The existing nutrition and dietary therapies have been lectured and their effects on ASD symptoms have been discussed briefly considering specific research. Reviewing the studies showed that nutritional and dietary therapies improved the core symptoms of ASD. This review article investigates the importance of vitamins, minerals, essential fatty acids and GFCF diet and the recent studies suggested that nutrition and dietary supplements may play an active role in ...
Diet: the keystone of autism spectrum disorder?
Nutritional Neuroscience, 2018
Children with autism are characterized by an impairment of social interaction and repetitive patterns of behaviour. Autism is a heterogeneous span of disorders with unknown aetiology. Research has grown significantly and has suggested that environmental risk factors acting during the prenatal period could influence the neurodevelopment of offspring. The literature suggests that the maternal diet during pregnancy has a fundamental role in the etiopathogenesis of autism. Indeed, a maternal diet that is high in some nutrients has been associated with an increase or reduction in the risk of develop Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The diet of ASD children is also a key factor for the worsening of ASD symptoms. Children with autism have food selectivity and limited diets due to smell, taste, or other characteristics of foods. This determines eating routines and food intake patterns, with consequent deficiency or excess of some aliments. Several studies have tried to show a possible relationship between nutritional status and autism. In this review we describe, emphasizing the limits and benefits, the main current empirical studies that have examined the role of maternal diet during gestation and diet of ASD children as modifiable risk factors at the base of development or worsening of symptoms of autism
Nutritional Status of Pre-school Children and Determinant Factors of Autism: A Case-Control Study
Frontiers in Nutrition
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder triggered by several factors, including those of genetic and environmental nature. ASD can alter communication, behavior, and children's nutritional status, placing them at high risk for nutritional imbalances. Therefore, this study aims to assess preschool autistic children's nutritional status as compared to that of Typically Developing (TD) children of the same age. The study also revealed some of the ASD risk factors among the Jordanian population. It included 52 ASD and 51 TD children (3–6 years), and considered sociodemographic, obstetric, and nutritional factors of the two groups, stratified by gender. Nutritional status was evaluated through a comprehensive questionnaire, 3-day food record, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements. Differences between groups were identified using the chi-square and independent-sample t-test. The logistic regression model was used after the adjustment of confounder...