Metal–Nitroalkene and aci -Nitro Intermediates in Catalytic Enantioselective Friedel–Crafts Reactions of Indoles with trans -β-Nitrostyrenes (original) (raw)

Evaluating Gender Bias in Speech Translation

ArXiv, 2020

The scientific community is more and more aware of the necessity to embrace pluralism and consistently represent major and minor social groups. In this direction, there is an urgent need to provide evaluation sets and protocols to measure existing biases in our automatic systems. This paper introduces WinoST, a new freely available challenge set for evaluating gender bias in speech translation. WinoST is the speech version of WinoMT which is an MT challenge set and both follow an evaluation protocol to measure gender accuracy. Using a state-of-the-art end-to-end speech translation system, we report the gender bias evaluation on 4 language pairs, and we show that gender accuracy in speech translation is more than 23% lower than in MT.

Sp(4) gauge theories on the lattice: Quenched fundamental and antisymmetric fermions

Physical Review D

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We perform lattice studies of meson mass spectra and decay constants of the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\">Sp<mo stretchy=\"false\">(4<mo stretchy=\"false\">) gauge theory in the quenched approximation. We consider two species of (Dirac) fermions as matter field content, transforming in the 2-index antisymmetric and the fundamental representation of the gauge group, respectively. All matter fields are formulated as Wilson fermions. We extrapolate to the continuum and massless limits and compare to each other the results obtained for the two species of mesons. In the case of two fundamental and three antisymmetric fermions, the long-distance dynamics is relevant for composite Higgs models. This is the first lattice study of this class of theories. The global <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\">SU<mo stretchy=\"false\">(4<mo stretchy=\"false\">)×SU<mo stretchy=\"false\">(6<mo stretchy=\"false\">) symmetry is broken to the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\">Sp<mo stretchy=\"false\">(4<mo stretchy=\"false\">)×SO<mo stretchy=\"false\">(6<mo stretchy=\"false\">) subgroup, and the condensates align with the explicit mass terms present in the lattice formulation of the theory. The main results of our quenched calculations are that, with fermions in the 2-index antisymmetric representation of the group, the masses squared and decay constant squared of all the mesons we considered are larger than the corresponding quantities for the fundamental representation, by factors that vary between <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\"> 1.2 and <math ∼ xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\"> 2.7. We also present technical results ∼ that will be useful for future lattice investigations of dynamical simulations, of composite chimera baryons, and of the approach to large <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\">N in the <math xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\\" display=\"inline\">Sp<mo stretchy=\"false\">(2N<mo stretchy=\"false\">) theories considered. We briefly discuss their high-temperature behavior, where symmetry restoration and enhancement are expected.