State of the Art and Prospects for Quantum Computing (original) (raw)
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Reports on Progress in Physics, 1998
The subject of quantum computing brings together ideas from classical information theory, computer science, and quantum physics. This review aims to summarise not just quantum computing, but the whole subject of quantum information theory. Information can be identified as the most general thing which must propagate from a cause to an effect. It therefore has a fundamentally important role in the science of physics. However, the mathematical treatment of information, especially information processing, is quite recent, dating from the mid-twentieth century. This has meant that the full significance of information as a basic concept in physics is only now being discovered. This is especially true in quantum mechanics. The theory of quantum information and computing puts this significance on a firm footing, and has lead to some profound and exciting new insights into the natural world. Among these are the use of quantum states to permit the secure transmission of classical information (quantum cryptography), the use of quantum entanglement to permit reliable transmission of quantum states (teleportation), the possibility of preserving quantum coherence in the presence of irreversible noise processes (quantum error correction), and the use of controlled quantum evolution for efficient computation (quantum computation). The common theme of all these insights is the use of quantum entanglement as a computational resource.
Today's computers work on bits that exist as either 0 or 1. Quantum computers aren't limited to two states; they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition. Qubits represent atoms, ions, photons or electrons and their respective control devices that are working together to act as computer memory and a processor. Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today's most powerful supercomputers. A processor that can use registers of qubits will be able to perform calculations using all the possible values of the input registers simultaneously. This superposition causes a phenomenon called quantum parallelism, and is the motivating force behind the research being carried out in quantum computing. www.giapjournals.com/ijsrtm/ 628 computer could efficiently solve this problem using Shor's algorithm to find its factors. This ability would allow a quantum computer to decrypt many of the cryptographic systems in use today. In particular, most of the popular public key ciphers are based on the difficulty of factoring integers. These are used to protect secure Web pages, encrypted email, and many other types of data. Breaking these would have significant ramifications for electronic privacy and security. An example of this is a password cracker that attempts to guess the password for an encrypted file (assuming that the password has a maximum possible length).
Quantum computation and quantum information
American Journal of Physics, 2002
• Quantum computation and quantum information is the study of the information processing tasks that can be accomplished using quantum mechanical systems. • Quantum mechanics is a mathematical framework or set of rules for the construction of physical theories.
On the Study of Quantum Computing
Conference on Science and Technology Development (CSTD), 2019
Quantum computing is the new field of science which uses quantum phenomena to perform operations on data at the intersection of mathematics, computer science and physics. This paper is to guide computer scientists through the barriers that separate quantum computing from conventional computing. We introduce basic principles of quantum mechanics to explain where the power of quantum computers comes from and why it is difficult to harness. We describe the differences between classical and quantum computers, bit and quantum bit and quantum operation.
Quantum computing: A view from the enemy camp
Optics and Spectroscopy, 2003
Quantum computing relies on processing information within a quantum system with many continuous degrees of freedom. The practical implementation of this idea requires complete control over all of the 2 n independent amplitudes of a many-particle wavefunction, where n > 1000. The principles of quantum computing are discussed from the practical point of view with the conclusion that no working device will be built in the forseeable future.
The Concept and Future of Quantum Computing
International Journal of Computer Applications, 2014
Quantum computing is a new and emerging field which shows great promise. It abandons the traditional approach of using transistors to store and update logical data, instead using subatomic particles(most often electrons) for the same purpose. The aim is to introduce the topic of quantum computing in a manner which would prove understandable to the reader by eliminating unnecessary jargon. The necessity of using quantum computing in order to keeping up with current advancements and the needs of new computing systems will be made apparent. The field of quantum computing is relatively new and much of the research and effort going into developing it is nascent. If the potential can be harnessed, however, the prospects of using quantum computers to solve problems which cannot be solved using their traditional counterparts hold great promise.
International journal for research in applied science and engineering technology ijraset, 2020
Quantum computing is a locale of figuring focused on making PC development reliant on the norms of quantum speculation, which explains the direct of imperativeness and material on the atomic and subatomic levels. Conventional PCs that we use today can simply encode information in bits that take the estimation of 1 or 0. This confines their ability. Quantum enlisting, on the other hand, uses quantum bits or qubits. It handles the unique limit of subatomic participles that licenses them to exist in more than one state for instance a 1 and a 0 at the same time. Superposition and trap are two features of quantum material science on which these supercomputers are based. This empowers quantum PCs to manage exercises at speeds exponentially higher than common PCs and at significantly lesser imperativeness usage
Quantum computing: A contemporary computing technique with coalescence of science and engineering
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH IN SCIENCES, ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, 2022
In this busy world, there is an estimation of 3.5 exabytes of information data been generated in a single day and the data is shared on more than 10 million computing devices. As We, human beings are wholeheartedly dependent on the digital based computing devices for knowledge sharing by means of text and image information for each and every commotion of the day. Now, the sustenance of life without computing is considered as perplexed. As per a report submitted by association of semiconductor industries which states that by 2040, it is not possible to provide power to computer machine which is available in good running conditions present throughout the globe. It’s a known fact that the fundamental functionality of a computer system to modify and save the information data. Presently all the computer systems are using the classical technique to manipulate the data using single bits that stores the information data in form of 0’s and 1’s. [1To overcome the inability stated by semiconductor industry, the quantum physics has come up with a new concept which specifies that the quantum elements have the tendency to move in both directions i.e. fore and rear directions and its presence can be felt in both places at same time and travel itself instantly]1. This peculiar tendency of quantum particles had lead to quantum computing. The most critical property of quantum computing is its enhanced asset for characterization and construction of information data. A mechanism is developed to work on various operations for computation of information data. Qubits i.e quantum bits are used in Quantum computing, it consist of a third state excluding the traditional data states 0 and 1.Hence the time duration taken by quantum computing to modify the information data is much lesser than that of traditional computing. In this paper, we try to explore the concepts of quantum computing, how it is related to physics, how it can be used and implemented