Monoclonal Antibodies in Cancer Therapy (original) (raw)

Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Cancer

Annual Review of Medicine, 2003

Key Words immunoconjugate, immunotoxin, radioimmunotherapy, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity s Abstract Monoclonal antibody therapy has emerged as an important therapeutic modality for cancer. Unconjugated antibodies show significant efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Promising new targets for unconjugated antibody therapy include cellular growth factor receptors, receptors or mediators of tumor-driven angiogenesis, and B cell surface antigens other than CD20. Immunoconjugates composed of antibodies conjugated to radionuclides or toxins show efficacy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. One immunoconjugate containing an antibody and a chemotherapy agent exhibits clinically meaningful antitumor activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Numerous efforts to exploit the ability of antibodies to focus the activities of toxic payloads at tumor sites are under way and show early promise. The ability to create essentially human antibody structures has reduced the likelihood of host-protective immune responses that otherwise limit the duration of therapy. Antibody structures now can be readily manipulated to facilitate selective interaction with host immune effectors. Other structural manipulations that improve the selective targeting properties and rapid systemic clearance of immunoconjugates should lead to the design of effective new treatments, particularly for solid tumors. Annu. Rev. Med. 2003.54:343-369. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by Columbia University on 11/13/05. For personal use only. CANCER ANTIBODIES CD20 The testing and evaluation of the chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, IDEC-C2B8, also known as rituximab, demonstrated impressive clinical responses. Rituximab is the first MAb to be approved by the FDA for use in human malignancy Annu. Rev. Med. 2003.54:343-369. Downloaded from arjournals.annualreviews.org by Columbia University on 11/13/05. For personal use only.

Monoclonal antibody therapy of cancer

Nature Biotechnology, 2005

Key Words immunoconjugate, immunotoxin, radioimmunotherapy, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity s Abstract Monoclonal antibody therapy has emerged as an important therapeutic modality for cancer. Unconjugated antibodies show significant efficacy in the treatment of breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Promising new targets for unconjugated antibody therapy include cellular growth factor receptors, receptors or mediators of tumor-driven angiogenesis, and B cell surface antigens other than CD20. Immunoconjugates composed of antibodies conjugated to radionuclides or toxins show efficacy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. One immunoconjugate containing an antibody and a chemotherapy agent exhibits clinically meaningful antitumor activity in acute myeloid leukemia. Numerous efforts to exploit the ability of antibodies to focus the activities of toxic payloads at tumor sites are under way and show early promise. The ability to create essentially human antibody structures has reduced the likelihood of host-protective immune responses that otherwise limit the duration of therapy. Antibody structures now can be readily manipulated to facilitate selective interaction with host immune effectors. Other structural manipulations that improve the selective targeting properties and rapid systemic clearance of immunoconjugates should lead to the design of effective new treatments, particularly for solid tumors.

[Radiolabeled antibodies for cancer treatment]

Médecine sciences : M/S, 2009

The first treatment ever by radio-immunotherapy (RIT) was performed by William H. Beierwaltes in 1951 and was a success. Fifty years later, the main question is to find ways of extending the success of radiolabelled anti-CD20 antibodies in indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma to other forms of cancer. Solid tumours are much more radioresistant than lymphomas, but they respond to RIT if the lesions are small. Clinical situations of residual or minimal disease are thus the most likely to benefit from RIT in the adjuvant or consolidation settings. For disseminated disease, like leukemias or myelomas, the problem is different: beta- particles emitted by the radioactive atoms classically used for cancer treatment (iodine-131 or yttrium-90) disperse their energy in large volumes (ranges 1 mm to 1 cm) and are not very effective against isolated cells. Advances in RIT progress in two directions. One is the development of pretargeting strategies in which the antibody is not labelled but used ...

Antibody therapy of malignancy

European Journal of Cancer, 1992

The relationship of DNA double-strand break induction to 26. radiosensitivity in human tumour cell lines. IntJ Radiat Biol 1990, s&427-438. 13. Chiu S-M, Oleinick NL. The sensitivity of active and inactive 27. chromatin to ionizing radiation-induced DNA strand-breakage. fnt

Monoclonal antibodies--therapeutic and diagnostic uses in malignancy

The Western journal of medicine, 1985

Murine monoclonal antibodies represent an attractive type of antitumor therapy because of their potential for exquisite specificity, production in large, pure quantities and mediation of in vivo cytotoxic effects. With maturing monoclonal antibody technology has come the use of these antibodies in clinical studies in patients with malignancy. These trials have established that monoclonal antibodies can be safely administered in large doses, that their pharmacokinetics and tissue penetration can be predicted and that in some instances a therapeutic effect can be produced by their infusion. A number of problems have also been identified by these studies, including antigenic heterogeneity of the tumor, the presence of free serum antigen, the immunogenicity of the xenogeneic antibody, modulation of the surface antigen by the antibody and a finite capacity of human effector mechanisms to mediate cytotoxicity directed by murine antibodies. Other workers are concurrently investigating the ...