Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (original) (raw)
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Qeios
Skeletal complications caused by osteoporosis or bone metastases are associated with considerable pain, increased mortality and reduced quality of life. Agents that prevent bone resorption, such as bisphosphonates or denosumab, can reduce the risk of fractures and are widely used in patients with osteoporosis or bone cancer metastases. Drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but potentially serious adverse event associated with cumulative high doses of bisphosphonates or denosumab. MRONJ is a known potential side effect of long-term bisphosphonate therapy. Other risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) include the use of glucocorticoids, maxillary or mandibular bone surgery, poor oral hygiene, chronic inflammation, diabetes mellitus, dental prostheses, and other medications, including antiangiogenic agents. Prevention strategies for elimination and stabilization of oral disease include completion of necessary oral surgery prior to initiation of antiresorptive drug therapy, use of antibiotics before and / or after the procedure, and rinsing of the mouth with chlorhexidine antimicrobial, adequate wound healing after tooth extraction and maintenance of good oral hygiene. The primary goal of treatment should be to improve the patient's quality of life by managing pain and infections, preventing the development of new lesions and slowing the progression of the disease. As a multi-professional team, dentists and dental hygienists play a key role in the primary prevention of MRONJ. However, the need for a standardized multidisciplinary approach, with a sustained dialogue between the specialists
2021
Drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a drug complication characterized by the progressive destruction and necrosis of the bone, in the absence of previous radiation treatment. In the present report, a 58-year-old cancer patient treated with zolendronic acid developed a spontaneous palatal osteonecrosis. Following repeated courses of antibiotic therapy, there was no improvement of the osteonecrosis. Subsequently, after several attempts, an integrum healing occurred with the use of an 810 nm diode laser at 3.5 W and 10% povidone iodine as photosensitizer, with the addition of 0.330 g of acetylsalicylic acid. and 0.200 g of vitamin C as a final rinse. Therefore, the aim of our work is to illustrate the resolution of a spontaneous maxillary ONJ with this particular PDT.
Qeios, 2020
Recent, non-peer-reviewed reports and meta-analyses suggest that smoking may reduce the risk of hospitalization with COVID-19, because the prevalence of smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 is less than that of the general population. However, there are two alternative classes of explanations for this phenomenon. Class (1) is the failure to report, or to accurately record, smoking history during emergency hospital admissions and other interviews. Face-to-face interviews can introduce bias into the responses to attitudinal and behavioral questions not present in the self-completion interviews typically used to measure smoking prevalence in the general population. Subjects in face-to-face interviews may be unwilling to admit socially undesirable behavior and attitudes under direct questioning. For example, urine testing of hospitalized patients for cotinine showed that smokers were under-counted by 37% because incoming patients failed to inform staff about their smoking behavior. Class (2), various types of "reverse" causation, including a predisposition to avoid smoking among COVID-19 patients with tobacco-related comorbidities, may also contribute to the difference between smoking prevalence in the COVID-19 and general population. Patient cohorts hospitalized with COVID-19 may be less prone to use tobacco than the general population. A potentially robust "reverse causation" hypothesis for reduced prevalence of smokers in the COVID-19 population is enrichment of patients in the population with serious comorbidities that have previously motivated them to quit smoking. We ask whether this "smoking cessation" mechanism accounts for a detectable fraction of the reduced prevalence of smokers in the COVID-19 population.
Qeios
Hackshaw and colleagues in their study titled "Low cigarette consumption and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke: meta-analysis of 141 cohort studies in 55 study reports", [1] plot a nonlinear dose-response curve for cigarette smoke and cardiovascular disease, associating one cigarette per day with half the risk of 20 cigarettes per day (CPD). However, this nonlinear curve is attributable to three basic oversights rather than a true effect: 1. The curve represents brackets of cigarette consumption plotted by their midpoints. However, in normal distributions, prevalence is higher at values closer to the mean. Thus, within consumption brackets spanning below the mean, the distribution of smokers will be skewed upwards (towards the mean). Consequently, midpoints will understate exposure in below-mean brackets. The inverse is true for above-mean brackets: the distribution of smokers will be skewed downwards and concentrated below the bracket midpoint. Consequently, midpoints will exaggerate exposure within above-mean brackets. This will manifest in a trendline exaggerating outcomes at lower exposures and understating outcomes at higher exposures. 2. Regression towards the mean: Light smoking tends to increase over the course of follow-up: Among 1-4 CPD smokers at baseline, continuing smokers mostly moved to higher consumption brackets within a decade. [2] Regression to the mean also entails that outlier smokers tend to have a history of smoking at levels that are closer to the mean than measured. While Hackshaw et al cite one study reporting a large cardiovascular disease risk for continuous <1 CPD smokers, that same study also shows an anomalous tenfold increase in lung cancer at the same dose, [3] contradicting the broad evidence for a linear relationship between smoking and lung cancer (or a quadratic curve climbing at a steeper rate with greater exposures). [4][5] Regression to the mean is less evident in relation to lung cancer because of the decades lag between smoking and resultant lung cancer. [6] 3. Compensatory inhalation: Light smokers inhale much more smoke per cigarette than do heavier smokers. The 2010 Surgeon General's Report on smoking states: [7] "As use exceeds 10 to 15 cigarettes per day, a progressively smaller increment in serum cotinine for each increment in the number of cigarettes smoked per day is observed (Caraballo et al. 1998; O'Connor et al. 2006). This flattening of the relationship between exposure and cigarettes smoked per day was similar to flattening of
2021
Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of Jaws (MRONJ) represents a progressive destruction and death of bone affecting the jaws of patients treated by medications increasing the risk of disease, in the absence of a previous radiation therapy. Medications involved in the etiopathogenesis of MRONJ include antiresorptive drugs and biological agents. Its incidence and prevalence in general population are unknown and highly variable, due to the heterogeneity of available epidemiological data. MRONJ significantly affects the patient’s quality of life (QoL), therefore it is necessary to improve the knowledge of its pathogenesis and lead the decision-making process of specialists. This retrospective study described the 5-years clinical experience of a monocentric Institute regarding Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of jaws cases. The study included all MRONJ cases of oncological and osteometabolic patients administered with Denosumab diagnosed from January 2014 to December 2018 in the Department ...
Tailored interventions to assist smokers to stop smoking using e-cigarettes (TASSE): Study protocol
Qeios
Background: T here is increasing evidence that e-cigarettes (EC) are an effective smoking cessation aid when combined with behavioural support. T here is further evidence for digital tailored interventions as cost effective approaches that can increase smoking cessation rates. Experimental work also suggests the addition of a 'nicotine fact sheet' can improve smokers' risk perceptions related to EC. However, multifaceted approaches to deliver 'tailored advice' for smoking cessation combining various key evidenced based components are lacking. T he aim of this study is to use a Multiphase Optimisation Strategy (MOST) to determine which of five, or a combination thereof, EC-orientated intervention components is associated with self-reported cessation over the previous 4-weeks at 12-week follow-up.
Mutation analysis of TP53 in colorectal cancer, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan, 2021
Colorectal cancer is a kind of solid tumor and third most common of cancer which leads to death. It is a heterogeneous disease characterized by genetic and epigenetic aberrations. The present study was aimed to reveal the mutation at TP53 in Peshawar Pakistan. Material and methods: For this purpose, a total of 50 blood samples in EDTA tubes was collected from Peshawar with complete information of patients using questionnaire. The polymerase chain reaction was performed. Results: The results of the present study have revealed that the ratio of colorectal cancer in males is higher 62% than females (38%). Histopathological results have indicated that moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma is 25 (50%) followed by poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma 15 (30%), Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma 8 (16%), and Metastatic adenocarcinoma 2 (4%) in 50 colorectal cancer patients. The nucleotide sequence of the human TP53 gene of colorectal cancer patients was aligned with the human wild-type TP53 database sequence with NC_191170 (NCBI) using CLUSTALW. After BLASTING, the mutation was found in exon 5 and exon 7 of TP53, while no mutation was found in exon 8 of TP53. That patient in which point mutation was found in exon 5 and 7 respectively showed less survival as compared to that of colorectal cancer patients having no point mutation in the TP53 gene. Conclusion: The present study concluded that point mutations were found in exons 5&7 of the TP53 gene and patients having TP53 gene mutations shown less survival rate compared to colorectal cancer patients having no mutations.