The Relationship of Social Support to Treatment Entry and Engagement: The Community Assessment Inventory (original) (raw)
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Social support and abstinence from opiates and cocaine during opioid maintenance treatment
Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2001
Social support may play an important role in helping drug users achieve abstinence; however these benefits may depend on the type of support experienced. In this prospective observational study, we examined the extent to which general and abstinence-specific support, both structural and functional, predicted opiate and cocaine abstinence in 128 opioid maintenance patients receiving either methadone or LAAM. A new multidimensional self-report instrument assessing abstinence-specific functional support was developed for the study. Previously validated measures were used to assess the remaining types of support. With baseline abstinence and other statistically important covariates adjusted, hierarchical logistic regression analyses demonstrated that the associations between social support at study baseline and biochemically confirmed abstinence 3 months later varied by type of support and by drug. Greater abstinence-specific structural support (operationalized as fewer drug users in the social network) and decreases in three types of negative abstinence-specific functional support (Complaints about Drug Use, Drug Exposure, and Demoralization) predicted cocaine, but not opiate abstinence. There were no effects for general support, whether structural or functional, on abstinence from either drug. Interventions that focus on modifying patients' abstinence-specific support may be helpful in reducing the high rates of cocaine use disorders in this population.
Social functioning and support of addicts on methadone
Open Medicine, 2013
The study aimed to determine characteristics of addicts on methadone maintenance therapy (MMT), which are related to the level of social functioning, with emphasis on the role of social support. In a prospective study, opiate addicts (n=150) who were on MMT completed the Pompidou questionnaire, the Social Adaptation Self-evaluation Scale (SASS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Statistical data processing was based on testing the difference between features that best distinguish subgroups of addicts who were dissatisfied, moderately satisfied and satisfied with their social functioning. Opiate addicts up to 30 years of age had a statistically higher score on SASS scale than addicts over 30; addicts who are dissatisfied are mainly unemployed and have average or above-average family/community financial status; opiate addicts who were moderately satisfied with their social functioning were three years or longer on MMT; paradoxically, the highest mean v...
The role of social connection in opioid use disorder treatment engagement
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors
Objective: Medications for opioid use disorder (OUD or MOUD) treatment combining pharmacotherapy with psychosocial support are effective for managing OUD. However, treatment engagement remains a challenge, with retention rates ∼30%-50%. Although social connection has been identified as important to recovery, it remains unclear whether and how social factors can bolster participation in treatment. Method: Individuals receiving MOUD at three outpatient treatment programs (N = 82) and healthy community controls (N = 62) completed validated measures assessing social connection including (a) size, diversity, and embeddedness of social networks; (b) perceived social support and criticism within familial relationships; and (c) subjective social status. For those receiving MOUD, we also examined how aspects of social connection related to opioid (re)use and treatment engagement (medication adherence, group, and individual meeting attendance) assessed over ∼8 weeks/person. Results: Compared to controls, individuals receiving MOUD had smaller and less diverse and embedded social networks (Cohen's d > 0.4), and despite similar levels of perceived social support (d = 0.02), reported higher levels of social criticism (d = 0.6) and lower subjective social status (d = 0.5). Within the MOUD group, higher social network indices correlated specifically with higher therapeutic group attendance (Rs > 0.30), but not medication adherence, while higher levels of perceived criticism correlated with more frequent opioid use (R = 0.23). Results were mostly robust to control for sociodemographic variables, psychological distress/COVID-19, and treatment duration, but differed by MOUD type/program. Conclusions: These findings highlight the potential importance of assessing an individual's social capital, promoting positive social connection, and continuing to assess the implementation and value of psychosocial support in MOUD treatment. Public Health Significance Statement Individuals engaged in MOUD treatment report smaller and weaker social networks, perceive themselves as lower in social status, and experience higher levels of criticism. These factors may contribute to MOUD treatment engagement, particularly more "social" components like attending group meetings, as well as to reuse risk. Additional work is warranted to assess the implementation and value of psychosocial supports aimed at fostering social connection during MOUD treatment.
Revista Internacional de Investigación en Adicciones
Introduction: perceived social support (PSS) is considered an important factor to lessen the negative effects of stressful events. Likewise, the literature suggests a beneficial impact on the evolution of different diseases. However, little is known about the relationship between PSS and treatment completion in methamphetamine-dependent individuals who receive help in a forced manner. Objective: to evaluate the effect of perceived social support (PSS) on treatment completion in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Methods: prospective study with a cohort of 67 men on whom PSS, addiction severity, anxiety, and depression were assessed. Results: analysis of variance of prospectively obtained data showed that age, years of drug use, and PSS differed between those who completed the treatment and those who did not. Logistic regression analysis showed that increases in PSS (Odds Ratio, OR = .970, Confidence Interval - CI 95 % = .943 - .999) were predictive of a decrease in the probabili...
Social support and relapse: Commonalities among alcoholics, opiate users, and cigarette smokers
Addictive Behaviors, 1991
Links between social support and relapse were examined in a study of alcoholics, cigarette smokers, and opiate users completing treatment for drug use (N = 221). Subjects were followed weekly until relapse for a maximum of 12 weeks after the end of treatment. Structural and functional social support and support for abstinence and drug use were investigated. With demographic variables and drug-treatment group controlled, greater structural support (as measured by an index of social integration and by partner status) predicted a lower risk of relapse. Greater experienced partner support for abstinence also predicted lower risk. Social network members' use of the subject's problem drug predicted heightened relapse risk, but the effect was not statistically significant. This study contributes to a cross-drug model of relapse. It highlights the importance of social integration and abstinence-specific functional support in predicting the risk of relapse, independent of the particular drug of abuse.
Role of Social Support in Relapse Prevention for Drug Addicts
International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change
Addiction is a behavioral and psychological disorder that can cause unprecedented social, mental, and physiological effects. A patient’s neighborhood, peers, family members, and spouse play crucial roles in relapse prevention. The main disadvantage of traditional addiction treatments includes their lack of focus on how an individual’s environmental factors may impact relapse prevention. Despite the design and execution of rehabilitative and preventive programs in place to address addiction issues, the number of patients with this disorder continues to increase. The most affected addict populations are those who have stopped using drugs. The primary objectives of this paper include analyzing the significance of social support in preventing relapse. Specifically, this paper will examine drug abuse and relapse in general, addiction as a psychological issue, the benefits of social support in preventing relapse, the role of received or perceived social support, and the advantages of online peer networks in avoiding relapse. The review will also provide recommendations for future research in this field to reduce the prevalence of drug and substance abuse and relapse. Keywords: Social support, Relapse prevention, Drug addicts, Addiction, Drug abuse. Link to the paper: https://www.ijicc.net/images/vol\_13/13188\_Zaidi\_2020\_E\_R.pdf
This research compared the structural and functional social support of Filipino adults with substance use disorder that suffered a relapse and those that have managed to abstain. Results suggest that 1) the relapse group had a significantly lower structural social support, and 2) that, compared to the relapse group, the non-relapse sample draws additional support from within their self-help community. Contrary to the hypothesis however, the results suggest that there was no significant difference between the relapse and non-relapse group in functional social support. This result espouses a systemic and dynamic rather than a linear conceptualization of social support and drug abuse recovery. Effects to substance abuse recovery and recommendations to substance abuse treatment were also discussed.
2019
Background Over the past 25 years, the United States has experienced an opioid epidemic that has cost hundreds of thousands of lives and which now constitutes as the worst drug overdose epidemic in U.S. history. Increases in opioid use and abuse have been found among men and women, most age groups, and all income levels (CDC, 2017). Methadone Maintenance Treatment (MMT) is one the most effective forms of treatment for opioid addiction, and has been found to reduce substance use, the risk of HIV, overdose, and criminal behaviors ( Joseph et al., 2000; Mattick, Breen, Kimber, & Davoli, 2009). Both clinical experience and research show that MMT programs suffer from low retention and patient engagement in treatment and that patients are particularly vulnerable to disengagement or withdrawal during the early stages of treatment (Baxter et al., 2013). To address this problem, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Narcotic Addiction Rehabilitation Program (TJUH NARP) utilized funds from Gov...
The Role of Social Support Following Short-Term Inpatient Treatment
American Journal on Addictions, 2002
The intensive, time-limited, short-term inpatient modality treatment for substance abuse appears to have positive outcomes despite its brevity. This study examined patient characteristics and posttreatment experiences to understand who is likely to bene®t from this treatment and under what circumstances. Our sample included 748 patients in 12 short-term inpatient programs. Twenty-two percent of patients used cocaine at least weekly in the 1-year follow-up period, and an additional 9% drank frequently (compared with pretreatment rates of 69% and 15%, respectively). Overall, patients' social support networks following treatment were more important factors than the pre-or during-treatment variables examined.
Investigating Social Support and Network Relationships in Substance use Disorder Recovery
Substance Abuse, 2015
Background Social support and characteristics of one's social network have been shown to be beneficial for abstinence and substance use disorder recovery. The current study explores how specific sources of social support relate to general feelings of social support and abstinence-specific self-efficacy. Methods Data were collected from 31 of 33 individuals residing in 5 recovery houses. Participants were asked to complete social support and social network measures, along with measures assessing abstinence from substance use, abstinence self-efficacy, and involvement in 12-step groups. Results A significant positive relationship was found between general social support and abstinence-specific self-efficacy. General social support was also significantly associated with the specific social support measures of sense of community and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) affiliation. Social network size predicted abstinence-related factors such as AA affiliation and perceived stress. Conclusions...