The Potentials of an Integrated Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (IUMAS) in Treating Sugar Cane Wastewater (original) (raw)
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Sugarcane mill produces significant amount of wastes mainly in the form of liquid waste or also knows as sugarcane mill effluent (SCME). SCME can cause water pollution and need proper treatment before it can be discharge into water sources (river or lake). This is due to the high content of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and Volatile Suspended Solid (VSS).In present study, biological treatment (anaerobic system) and membrane filtration assisted with ultrasonic effect was carried out to treat the SCME. In anaerobic system, the decomposition of organic and inorganic substrate occurs without the presence of oxygen to treat high concentration of organic carbon waste such as SCME and methane gas (CH4) is produced as a by product in this process. Ultrasonic assisted membrane system is applied in the system in order to enhance the efficiency of the process in treating the SCME. Study was conducted by comparing the quality of the SCME after undergo the treatment process using membrane anaerobic system (MAS) and ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS). From the study, it shows that more than 90% (>90%) percents of removal efficiency (BOD, COD, and TSS), and reduce flux decline is achieved by using UMAS
– The development of palm oil industry in Malaysia has turned into a phenomenal in which the area of plantation expanded from year to year. In the meantime, the rapid growth additionally cause consequences from downstream and upstream activities to the environment for the production process. In the early ages, the residue from the production process was burned and the effluent was thrown into the waterways which cause serious problem to the environment. Therefore, new technology is invented to reduce the impact on environment at the same time used the energy recovered as an alternative energy source in the palm oil mill. The Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is a promising technology that can be used to overcome these issue. From the study, overall results demonstrated that 2 hours sonication in UMAS was better in operation compared to 1 hour operation as it produced higher COD, TSS, VSS removal efficiencies and methane gas production. The application of Monod, Contois and Chen & Hashimoto models are used to analyze the performance of UMAS for treating POME. The results from the experiments show the substrate removal model in 2 hours of sonication operation is well fits for estimation of kinetics membrane anaerobic system.
The five largest countries that produce sugar from sugarcane in 2011 were Brazil, Thailand, India, European Union, and China. The demand for sugars nowadays is high, thus, the production of sugar is increasing nowadays, and the sugarcane wastewater increased and caused more pollutions. Therefore, wastewater sugarcane was treated to produce methane by using anaerobic digestion method. But, most of the problem occurs during the treatment process is membrane fouling. Membrane fouling can cause severe flux decline that can affect the quality of the water produced, and the cost to fixed membrane fouling is expensive. Thus, Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is used as alternative overcome this problem. The sugarcane wastewater had to acclimatize for 5 days before running the reactor. The raw value of COD recorded was 9870 mg/L; BOD was 2480.35 mg/L, TSS 1.976 mg/L, and VSS 1.331 mg/L. The pH, pressure, and temperature were kept constant during this experiment with the value 6.5-7.5, 1.5-2.0 bar, and 32OC respectively. After 28 days of experiment, the COD removal efficiency obtained was 95%, BOD removal efficiency was 97% and the methane gas composition obtained was about 75%.The TSS and VSS removal efficiency also reached 99% of removal. Based on the results obtained after 28 days of experiment, UMAS not only can treat high strength wastewater, but also can treat low strength wastewater, avoid membrane fouling and produce methane gas from sugarcane wastewater. Nevertheless, further works are required to provide deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.
Membrane Fouling Control by Ultrasonic Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) to Produce Methane Gas
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY, 2014
In Malaysia, more than 30 tonnes of waste sugarcane was burned and damped to an open field. The direct discharge of sugarcane wastewater causes serious environmental pollution due to its high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD). Traditional methods for sugarcane treatment have both economic and environmental disadvantages. In this study, Ultrasonic membrane anaerobic system (UMAS) was used as an alternative, cost-effective method for treating raw sugarcane wastewater. Raw sugarcane wastewater treated by UMAS in a laboratory digester with an effective 200-litre volume. The ultrasonic frequency is 25 KHz, with 6 units of permanent transducers and bonded to the two (2) sided of the tank chamber and connected to one (1) unit of 250 Watts 25 KHz Crest’s Genesis Generator. The sugarcane wastewater had been added inside the reactor, and it acclimatized for 5 days before running the reactor. The initial value of COD recorded was 1984 mg/L; BOD was 556.8 mg/L, TSS, 0.586 mg/L, and VSS, 0.593 mg/L. The pH, pressure, and temperature were kept constant during this experiment with the value of 7.0-7.6, 1.5 bars, and 32OC respectively. The hydraulic retention time was reduced from 5 to 2 days, and then increased to 4 days to determine the organic loading rate. After 28 days of experiment, the COD removal efficiency obtained was 97%, and the methane gas composition nearly reached 79%. The TSS and VSS removal efficiency also reached 99% of removal. This shows that UMAS not only can treat high strength wastewater, but also can treat low strength wastewater in a short HRT and without membrane fouling. The results obtained in this study have exposed the capability of UMAS techniques as another promising method for treating wastewater. Further works are nevertheless required to provide deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved to facilitate the development of an optimum system applicable to the industry.
Advanced Science Letters, 2017
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is hard wastewater that contains a high amount of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS). These vital parameters should be treated first before it is discharged into any water ways. There are many treatment methods implied until this decade with traditional method. Pond system is the most implied method due to its low cost. The performance of Ultrasonic-assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is evaluated on the ability of UMAS to treat these parameters. The UMAS must be operated daily for 5 hours operation per day with 3 hours sonication. The experiment is done when the UMAS is achieving a steady state. The steady state is achieved on day 7 with no gas was generated. The performance of UMAS showed high COD removal efficiency with 98.7%. The kinetic study is also evaluated by implying three models which are Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto model.
Performance of Ultrasonic-assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) on Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is hard wastewater that contains a high amount of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and Volatile Suspended Solids (VSS). These vital parameters should be treated first before it is discharged into any water ways. There are many treatment methods implied until this decade with traditional method. Pond system is the most implied method due to its low cost. The performance of Ultrasonic-assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is evaluated on the ability of UMAS to treat these parameters. The UMAS must be operated daily for 5 hours operation per day with 3 hours sonication. The experiment is done when the UMAS is achieving a steady state. The steady state is achieved on day 7 with no gas was generated. The performance of UMAS showed high COD removal efficiency with 98.7%. The kinetic study is also evaluated by implying three models which are Monod, Contois and Chen and Hashimoto model.
The discharge of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) to river or sewage causes serious environmental problem and the use of Ultrasonic-assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is recommended as a solution. However, further use of UMAS in treating POME tends to give blockage on the membrane surface. Monod Model kinetic parameters of control, reacted and permeate samples of POME which contribute to membrane fouling were investigated. In this study, the treatment was operated in 5 hours at which three hours treatment was with ultrasonic application. The results show that the permeate sample has the lowest maximum specific growth rate, µmax which indicates the higher amount of biomass in UMAS reactor. The amount of biomass in UMAS was increased by using ultrasonic application which prevents the membrane from fouling problem. Therefore, it is recommended to employ UMAS in POME treatments.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2014
Ultrasonicated Membrane Anaerobic System UMAS was successfully used for sewage sludge treatment and biogas production. Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology were used to determine the optimum conditions in which UMAS produce a maximum content of methane in the biogas produced. The effects of three variables namely pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic loading rate (OLR) on methane content were evaluated individually and interactively. The optimum conditions obtained were pH 7.74, COD 1061.06 Mg/l and OLR 0.90 kg/m 3 d. The predicted maximum percentage of methane was 89.72 % and confirmed close to RSM result.
The development of palm oil industry in Malaysia has turned into phenomena in which the area of plantation expands from year to year. In the meantime, rapid growth in its downstream and upstream processing activities has also caused detrimental effect to the environment. Therefore, a new technology needs to be sought to reduce the impact on environment and at the same time renewable form of energy can be generated as an alternative source for the palm oil mill. Throughout the decades, membrane bioreactors have been widely employed in POME treatment. However, its major drawback is central to membrane fouling problem. Thus, membrane cleaning is an essential part during the operation of membrane reactors since the membrane fouling is an unavoidable issue. Ultrasonic-assisted Membrane Anaerobic System (UMAS) is a promising technology through which an ultrasonic device is applied to the system so as to reduce the fouling of membrane and at the same time increase the COD removal efficiency. The UMAS operation was evaluated at HRT of 11 days. POME sample was taken from a palm oil mill in Sungai Tengi, Selangor and was evaluated in respective 1 hour and 2 hours of sonication period in order to observe their performances in terms of percentage COD removal efficiency and methane (CH4) production. From the study, overall results demonstrated that 2 hours sonication in UMAS was better in operation compared to 1 hour operation as it produced higher COD removal efficiency and methane gas production. The 2 hours sonication operation showed steady rise and higher percentage of COD removal (98.75%) as compared to 1 hour sonication operation (97.71%). The total production of CH4 gas in 2 hours sonication experiment was 32,595 mL whereas 1 hour sonication produced 15,900 mL of CH4 gas.
Ultrasonicated Membrane Anaerobic System UMAS was successfully used for sewage sludge treatment and biogas production. Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology were used to determine the optimum conditions in which UMAS produce a maximum content of methane in the biogas produced. The effects of three variables namely pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic loading rate (OLR) on methane content were evaluated individually and interactively. The optimum conditions obtained were pH 7.74, COD 1061.06 Mg/l and OLR 0.90 kg/m 3 d. The predicted maximum percentage of methane was 89.72 % and confirmed close to RSM result.