Amplification of microsatellites in the Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus). (original) (raw)
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The Journal of heredity, 2014
Sturgeons (family Acipenseridae) are one of the most endangered groups of animals. Two hundred million years of evolution and multiple ploidy levels make this group a unique subject for studying the evolution of polyploidy in animals. As most sturgeon species have gone through significant functional diploidization, 2 scales of ploidy levels can be distinguished: the "evolutionary scale," which indicates the maximum ploidy level achieved and the "recent scale," which indicates the current functional ploidy level. This study analyzes published and new microsatellites to check the ploidy level and to determine the degrees of functional diploidization in 10 sturgeon species from Europe and Asia. We screened 50 primer pairs newly developed for Acipenser gueldenstaedtii and 40 primer pairs previously developed in other studies for other sturgeon species. The maximal number of alleles per individual of a given species was assessed at 20 microsatellite loci, which showed...
In order to have a sustainable management on Persian sturgeon as a highly commercial species in the South Caspian Sea, we need to identify its population structure and the level as well as its conservation status in their natural habitat. To develop a conservation program for this all Caspian Sea' sturgeon species it requires knowledge of its genetic diversity using reliable molecular marker to study population genetic structure. For these purposes, an enriched library was prepared based on a modified biotin-capture method. Approximately 1800 positive clones were screened for microsatellites in an Acipenser persicus genomic library. Of these 350 positively hybridizing clones were sequenced, and 81 clones were identified as having microsatellites with adequate flanking regions. We developed and tested 68 microsatellite primer pairs for Persian sturgeon. Out of 68 primer pairs developed, 11 pairs resulted in poor or no amplification, 13 were ambiguous, 6 were monomorphic, 20 were tetrasomic and 18 were octosomic in Persian sturgeon. While none of the markers showed disomic inheritance in Persian sturgeon and Russian sturgeon (A. gueldenstaedtii). Several of the markers appeared useful for studies stellate sturgeon (A. stellatus), ship sturgeon (A.nudiventris) and beluga (Huso huso). Nearly all the polymorphic pattern for ship, stellate and beluga displayed the simple banding patterns characteristic of disomic loci, while those for Russian sturgeon displayed banding patterns characteristic of tetraploid or higher polyploid levels. These markers may prove useful in a variety of future sturgeon population genetic studies in the Caspian Sea.
Inheritance pattern of microsatellite loci in the polyploid Adriatic sturgeon (Acipenser naccarii)
Aquaculture, 2011
The Adriatic sturgeon is a highly endangered tetraploid species whose conservation depends up ex-situ management of the remnant genetic variability. Understanding whether the species follows a tetrasomic or a disomic inheritance pattern is of primary importance to set up a parental allocation procedure and to establish a long-term breeding plan. Moreover, comprehending the inheritance modality can strongly contribute to understanding the origin of tetraploidy in this species. For this purpose, microsatellite inheritance patterns were analyzed in 7 complete families and at 7 loci for a total of 12 family/locus combinations. For each available family, a preliminary selection of loci was performed, in order to avoid ambiguities due to allele dosage, null alleles or interference between parental contributions. Results allowed to unambiguously reject a strict disomic inheritance pattern and to suggest tetrasomy as the more likely model. Accordingly, parental chromosomes can be expected to pair in the gametes in all possible combinations, though a certain degree of preferential pairing could not be excluded for the limited statistical power reached. This study represents the first investigation of the inheritance pattern in the Adriatic sturgeon and provides relevant information for the correct management of its residual genetic diversity.
- Inheritance of microsatellite loci and their application for pedigree analysis in the polyploid Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus (Acipenseridae). Zoological Studies 51(8): 1507-1514. Identification of suitable molecular markers for correctly assigning progenies to their parents particularly during the early stages of development is vital for aquaculture breeding programs. Developing such markers in sturgeons, that have a polyploid ancestry, is particularly challenging because many markers exhibit polysomic inheritance. In the present study, 2 F1 families of 23 and 28 larvae were produced in 1 × 1 crosses of Persian sturgeon. Eleven microsatellite loci were used to genotype the parents and their offspring. An analysis of inheritance patterns demonstrated classical mendelian disomic inheritance in all but 2 of the markers tested in the offspring. Two loci exhibited inheritance patterns consistent with a parental null allele that was consistently inherited by approximately 1/2 of the offspring screened. Thus, the markers tested here can be used for parental assignment testing and for population genetic studies. They can also be used as reliable molecular markers for constructing a genetic linkage map for the target species that will be essential for future quantitative trait locus mapping purposes. This is the 1st report of mendelian segregation testing in Persian sturgeon for cross-species amplification of single-locus DNA microsatellite markers.
Inheritance of microsatellite loci and their application for pedigree analysis in the polyploid Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus (Acipenseridae). Zoological Studies 51(8): 1507-1514. Identification of suitable molecular markers for correctly assigning progenies to their parents particularly during the early stages of development is vital for aquaculture breeding programs. Developing such markers in sturgeons, that have a polyploid ancestry, is particularly challenging because many markers exhibit polysomic inheritance. In the present study, 2 F1 families of 23 and 28 larvae were produced in 1 × 1 crosses of Persian sturgeon. Eleven microsatellite loci were used to genotype the parents and their offspring. An analysis of inheritance patterns demonstrated classical mendelian disomic inheritance in all but 2 of the markers tested in the offspring. Two loci exhibited inheritance patterns consistent with a parental null allele that was consistently inherited by approximately 1/2 of the offspring screened. Thus, the markers tested here can be used for parental assignment testing and for population genetic studies. They can also be used as reliable molecular markers for constructing a genetic linkage map for the target species that will be essential for future quantitative trait locus mapping purposes. This is the 1st report of mendelian segregation testing in Persian sturgeon for cross-species amplification of single-locus DNA microsatellite markers.
Inheritance of microsatellite loci in the polyploid lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
Genome, 2001
Inheritance in the expression of amplicons for four microsatellite primer pairs was determined using 10 families created from gametes of wild lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens). Loci Afu34 and Afu68 expressed a maximum of two even-intensity bands per individual and had progeny genotype ratios that fit disomic inheritance (P > 0.05). Some variation exhibited at Afu34 and Afu68 was attributable to a null allele. Genotype expression at both loci also indicated that one female parent had transmitted unreduced gametes. Primer Afu39 amplified products that exhibited four gene doses, where genotype counts fit expected ratios for disomic inheritance (P > 0.05) indicating amplification of products from two disomic loci that share alleles. Meiotic drive was evident at the Afu39 loci based on a test for random segregation (P < 0.05). Only the expression of Afu19 gave evidence of tetrasomic inheritance based on a single progeny potentially produced by a double reduction gamete. No evidence for proposed octoploid inheritance was observed.
Zoological Studies 51(8); 1507-1514 (2012), 2012
- Inheritance of microsatellite loci and their application for pedigree analysis in the polyploid Persian sturgeon Acipenser persicus (Acipenseridae). Zoological Studies 51(8): 1507-1514. Identification of suitable molecular markers for correctly assigning progenies to their parents particularly during the early stages of development is vital for aquaculture breeding programs. Developing such markers in sturgeons, that have a polyploid ancestry, is particularly challenging because many markers exhibit polysomic inheritance. In the present study, 2 F1 families of 23 and 28 larvae were produced in 1 × 1 crosses of Persian sturgeon. Eleven microsatellite loci were used to genotype the parents and their offspring. An analysis of inheritance patterns demonstrated classical mendelian disomic inheritance in all but 2 of the markers tested in the offspring. Two loci exhibited inheritance patterns consistent with a parental null allele that was consistently inherited by approximately 1/2 of the offspring screened. Thus, the markers tested here can be used for parental assignment testing and for population genetic studies. They can also be used as reliable molecular markers for constructing a genetic linkage map for the target species that will be essential for future quantitative trait locus mapping purposes. This is the 1st report of mendelian segregation testing in Persian sturgeon for cross-species amplification of single-locus DNA microsatellite markers.
Stock structure of shovelnose sturgeon analyzed with microsatellite DNA and morphological characters
Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 2009
Shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorhynchus) caviar fisheries exist in several states throughout the Mississippi River drainage. Management of these fisheries may benefit from information about genetic stock structure. Sixteen microsatellite loci and morphological analysis were used to examine geographic stock structure of shovelnose sturgeon among seven geographic locations: five within continuous shovelnose sturgeon habitat, and two isolated by artificial barriers. Tissue samples were collected from 1999 to 2006 from the upper Missouri, Platte, lower Missouri, middle Mississippi, Ohio, Wabash, and Atchafalaya rivers. Geographic samples of shovelnose sturgeon samples could be separated into three groups with discriminate function analysis of four morphological characters. The microsatellite loci were highly variable (allelic richness range 5.65-13, observed heterozygosity range 0.64-0.89). Bayesian clustering did not identify multiple groups in the genetic data. However, significant genetic differentiation (h ST = 0.017, P < 0.0001) was observed among a priori defined geographic samples and all pairwise estimates of h ST were significant. Assignment testing among a priori defined groups indicated that the sturgeon from the upper Missouri, Platte, and Atchafalaya rivers had the highest assignment scores and thus were most distinct, while the lower Missouri and the middle Mississippi were less distinct and a larger fraction of the sturgeon from these rivers was genetically assigned to other rivers. The Ohio and Wabash rivers were genetically most similar. A Mantel test revealed a positive relationship between genetic and geographic distance (r = 0.464, P = 0.055) that was not statistically significant. The level of genetic differentiation observed at both molecular and morphological characters suggests that multiple shovelnose sturgeon populations may exist within the studied area, yet demographic factors and possible gene flow may have minimized the amount of genetic differentiation among locations.